16 books for « wollaston william »Edit

‎Ueber die Messung des Brechungsvermögens der undurchsichtigen Körper. (+) Ueber eine Eigenthümlichkeit des von durchsichtigen Körpern zurückgeworfenen Lichtes. Uebersetzt von Erman, mit einigen Erleuterungen von Tralles. (+ WOLLASTON:) eue Methode die...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1809. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie. Hrsg. Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 31, Drittes Stück. Titlepage to vol. 31. Pp. 225-336 a. 1 engraved plate. (Entire issue offered). Malus's papers: pp. 225-234 a. pp. 286-294. Wollaston's papers: pp. 235-251 a. pp. 252-262 a. Erläuterungen von Gilbert pp. 263-273. Laplace's paper: pp. 274-285.‎

‎First apperance in German of these importent papers on the refraction and double refraction of light. The papers by Malus is his first two papers on the refraction of light and Laplace's paper is the memoir in which he commented Malus' paper and Huygen's refraction law. ""In 1788 Haüy found experimentally that Huygen's law was true only in certain special cases, but in 1802 Wollaston found experimental evidence for the Huygenian construction (the second Wollaston paper offered). In ´""Mémoire sur la mesure du pouvoir réfringent"" (the first paper offered) Malus showed that Wollaston's experiments were incomplete, and so the French corpuscularian physicists did not trust Wollaston's results. They thought, moreover, that Wollaston was associated with Tmomas Young and therfore with the new wave hypothesis. In this situation the Institute on January 1808 proposed a prize which required an experimental and theoretical explanation of double refraction. The French ""Newtonian"" scientists hoped that Malus would find a precise and general law for double refraction within the framework of an emission theory of light. Malus was a skilled mathematician and during 1807 he had carried out experiments on double refraction. By december 1808 Malus had finished his experimental investigations, which verified the Huygenian law. What remained was a theoretical deduction of the law. In January 1809, Laplace published a memoir in which he deduced Huygen's law law within the framework of Newtonian mechanics, using the principle of least action, and Malus considered this an insolence which deprived him of the priority. In 1810 Malus von the prize for his ""Théorie sur la double réfraction"", published in 1811.""(DSB IX, p. 73).‎

‎On a Periscopic Camera Obscura and Microscope. Read June 11, 1812.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1812. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1812. With titlepage to the year 1812 - Part I. Pp. 370-377. Light yellowing to titlepage.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Wollaston explains his invention and function of photography's first lens, the Wollaston Meniscus, invented more than 25 years before the first photography appeared.""Wollaston developed the first lens specifically for camera lens called Wollaston's meniscus lens, or just meniscus lens, in 1812. The lens was designed to improve the image projected by the camera obscura. By changing the shape of the lens, Wollaston was able to project a flatter image, eliminating much of the distortion that was a problem with many of that day's biconvex lenses"" (DSB).‎

‎On Cystic Oxide, a new species of Urinary Calculus. Read July 5, 1810.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1810). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1810 - Part I. Pp. 223-230. Light browning to first leaf. Wide-margined.‎

‎First appearance of this fundamental paper in the history of organic chemistry in which Wollaston announced his discovery of ""Cystine"", the very first of the amino acids, the building blocks of protein, to be discovered.Wollaston ""in 1812 (correct 1810) identified a new and rare type of stone, which he called ""cystic oxide"" since it occurred in the bladder. This was later renamed cystine, the first of the amino acids to be discovered. Fourcroy and Vauquelin reported similar investigations, but unaccountably gave no recognition to Wollaston. This led Alexander Marcet, a physician, to set matters right in a popular work dedicated to Wollaston.""(DSB XIV, p. 492).Garrison & Morton: 668.1.‎

‎Ébauche de la Religion Naturelle ; par Mr. Wollaston : Traduite de l'Anglois, avec un Supplément, et autres Additions considérables.‎

‎A La Haye, Chez Jean Swart, 1726. In-4 de XVII-(1)-442-(6) pp., cartonnage d'attente, titre manuscrit au dos. ‎

‎Première édition française dans la traduction de Garrigue. L'édition originale anglaise a été publiée en 1722 sous le titre The Religion of nature delineated. Ouvrage majeur de William Wollaston (1660-1724), l'Ébauche de la religion naturelle connut un grand succès dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle. La ressemblance du nom de l'auteur avec celui du fameux Wolston, quelques endroits du livre mal compris à la première lecture, son silence sur la révélation, et l'honneur qu'il fait à la raison d'un beau système religieux, mirent d'abord la joie dans le camp ennemi, et provoquèrent les attaques des apologistes de la religion, entre autres de Clarke. Mais une étude plus réfléchie des principes de l'auteur et les hommages qu'il rend à la révélation firent bientôt changer les idées des uns et des autres. L'ouvrage fut généralement estimé, quoiqu'on en admît pas tous les principes. La traduction française de l'ouvrage entier a essuyé bien des critiques, parce qu'elle s'écarte souvent de la pensée de l'original, qui est fort obscur en bien des endroits ; mais on convient que le traducteur n'a pas mal réussi à débrouiller le chaos des notes. Il y a ajouté d'ailleurs des pièces intéressantes. Il combat son auteur sur certaines idées particulières, et en soutient d'autres qui avaient été critiquées.Très beau spécimen de cartonnage d'attente. Plusieurs feuillets roussis ; petite galerie de ver sur les 4 premiers et 3 derniers feuillets. Brunet, 1799. ‎

‎On a new Metal, found in crude Platina. Read June 24, 1804.‎

‎(London, Bulwer and Co., 1804). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."" Year 1804-Part II. Pp. 419-430. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Wollaston announced his discovery of the metallic element Rhodium.""Dr. Wollaston dissolved a portion of crude platinum in qgua regia, and neutralized the excess acid with caustic soda. He then added salammoniac to precipitate the platinum as ammonium chloroplatinate, and mercurous cyanide to precipitate the palladium as palladium cyanide. After filteringoff the precipitate, he decomposed the excess mercurous cyanide inthe filtarate by adding hydrochloric acid and evaporating to dryness. When he washed the residue with alcohol, everything dissolved except a beautiful dark red powder, which proved to be a double chloride of sodium and a new metal, which because of the rose color of its salts, Dr. Wollaston named 'Rhodium'. He found that the sodium rhodium chloride could be easely reduced by heating it in a current of hydrogen, and that after the sodium chloride had been washed out, the rhodium remained as a metallic powder. he also succeeded in obtaining a rhodium button.""(Weeks: Discovery of the Elements. p. 104-05.)‎

‎A Synoptic Scale of Chemical Equivalents. Read November 4, 1813.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part I. Pp. 1-22 and 1 engraved plate. Last textleaf slightly browned, otherwise clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in which Wollaston introduces the ""chemical slide rule"".""In 1814 he draw up ""A Synoptic Table of Chemical Equivalents"", wherein many ""equivalents"" (a term apparently first used in the chemical sense by him) were arranged in a logarithmic scale. Chemists found this device of great practical assistance, and it survives today in the form of the chemical slide rule."" (A Source Book in Chemistry p. 221).""The design of the scale here proposed by the author (Wollaston) is to save chemists the labour of many troublesome computations in estimating the ingredients of neutral salts, and the reagents and precipitates by whic these ingredients might be ascertained."" (Abstract).‎

‎Description of a reflective Goniometer. Read June 8, 1809.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1809). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1809 - Part I. Pp. 253-258 and 1 engraved plate showing the Goniometer. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this paper describing Wollaston's invention of the Goniometer.""Nor was it only in chemistry that he (Wollaston) left his mark. He invented a goniometer, a device to measure the angles between crystal faces, which greatly advance mineralogical research. A calcium silicate mineral is named wollastonite in his honor."" (Asimow).""When a surface is so small as one fiftieth of an inch in breadth, it becomes axtremely difficult to apply the short radius of a goniometer to it with correctness. But since a surface of that magnitude may reflect a very brilliant light, the reflected ray may be employed as radius, and may at pleasure be taken of such a lenght that the angles of small crystals can be known with as much precision as those of the largest surfaces.""(Abstract).‎

‎On Platina and native Palladium from Brasil. Read March 22, 1809.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1809). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1809 - Part II. Pp. 189-194. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of Wollaston's analysis of Platina and Palladium found in ores in Brazil, and having different composition than those found in ores from Europe. It is well known that Wollaston discovered the element palladium in 1803.‎

‎Description of a reflective Goniometer. Read June 8, 1809.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1809). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1809 - Part I. Pp. 253-258 and 1 engraved plate showing the Goniometer. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this paper describing Wollaston's invention of the Goniometer.""Nor was it only in chemistry that he (Wollaston) left his mark. He invented a goniometer, a device to measure the angles between crystal faces, which greatly advance mineralogical research. A calcium silicate mineral is named wollastonite in his honor."" (Asimow).""When a surface is so small as one fiftieth of an inch in breadth, it becomes axtremely difficult to apply the short radius of a goniometer to it with correctness. But since a surface of that magnitude may reflect a very brilliant light, the reflected ray may be employed as radius, and may at pleasure be taken of such a lenght that the angles of small crystals can be known with as much precision as those of the largest surfaces.""(Abstract).‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture. Observations on the Quantity of horizontal Refraction" with a Method of measuring the Dip at Sea. Read November 11, 1802.‎

‎(London, Bulwer and Co., 1803). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."" Year 1803 - Part I. Pp. 1-11, one textillustr.‎

‎First printing of an importent paper in optical physics in which he investigates refraction phenomena over surfaces of water and in the atmosphere (mirage phenomena)., relating it to temperatures of air and land. He also announced his invention of the dip sector (modified sexton) that was used by Ross and Perry while exploring the arctic region.William Hyde Wollaston, (b. Aug. 6, 1766, d. Dec. 22, 1828), was an English chemist and physicist who discovered the elements palladium and rhodium and first reported the dark lines in the spectrum of the Sun. His consideration of geometrical arrangements of atoms led him into crystallography and the invention of the reflecting goniometer to measure angles of crystal faces. He also proved the elementary nature of niobium and titanium, developed a method of making platinum malleable, proved the identity of voltaic and frictional electricity, and invented the camera lucida to aid microscopists. The mineral Wollastonite was named in his honor. (Adventures in Cybersound).Another paper attached: James Smithson, ""A chemical Analysis of some Calamines"". Pp. 12-28.‎

‎The Bakerian Lecture on the Force of Percussion. Read November 14, 1805.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1806). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1806 - Part I. Pp. 13-22.‎

‎First printing of Wollaston's Bakerian lecture where he defends Gottfried Leibniz's principle of vis viva, an gives an early formulation of the conservation of energy. ‎

‎On the Identity of Columbium and Tantalum. Read June 8, 1809.‎

‎(London, Bulwer and Co., 1809). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."" Year 1809 - Part II. Pp. 246-252‎

‎First printing of a controversial paper in the history of chemistry.""In 1809 Dr. Wollaston analyzed both columbite and tantalite (in the paper offered). His conclusion that columbium and tantalium are identical qwas accepted by chemists until 1846, when Henry Rose....questioned it.""(Weekes in ""Discovery of the Elements"", p.83).‎

‎Englischer Arzt, Physiker und Chemiker.‎

‎London, Fisher, 1829. Stahlstich. Plattengrösse: 23 x 14,5 cm. Blattformat: 25 x 16,5 cm.‎

‎Description of a single-lens Micrometer. Read February 25, 1813.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1813). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1813 - Part I. Pp. 119-122 a. 1 engraved plate showing the micrometer and its details.‎

‎First printing of the description of this invention.‎

‎On Oxalic Acid. Read January 14th, 1808. (Thomson) (+) On Super-acid and Sub-acid Salts. Read January 28, 1808. (Wollaston). 2 Papers.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1808). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 63-95 (Thomson) and pp. 96-102 (Wollaston:). Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of these two historical papers in chemistry in which Thomson and Wollaston, independently, presents experimental proofs of John Dalton's ""Law of Multiple Proportions"", and thereby laying the foundations of the Atomic Theory. - These demonstrations went far to influence chemists favorably toward Dalton's atomic theory. ""In January 1808 Thomson was the first to submit an experimental illustration of the law of multiple proportions, doing so at least four months before the publication of Dalton's ""New System of Chemistry Philosophy"" (1808). This paper, ""On Oxalic Acid"" also established a usefull method of determining empirical formulas.""(DSB XIII, p. 373).""This paper is also importent as he here introduces quantified chemical symbolism for compounds, a compound with, for instance, two parts oxygen (w) and one part carbon (c) being denoted by 2w + c."" (Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs"", 1808 C).""In 1808 he (Wollaston) described his experiments on carbonates, sulfates, and oxalates, which proved that the composition of these substances was regulated by the law of multiple proportions. These additional instances of the law were easely verifiable and were often mentioned as standard examples. Wollaston accepted that his findings were merely particular instances of Dalton's assertion that the atoms of elements united one to one, or by simple multiple relation.""(DSB XIV, p.488).‎

‎On Oxalic Acid. Read January 14th, 1808. (Thomson) (+) On Super-acid and Sub-acid Salts. Read January 28, 1808. (Wollaston). 2 Papers.‎

‎London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1808. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 63-95 (Thomson) and pp. 96-102 (Wollaston:). Clean and fine. With titlepage to 1808, Part I.‎

‎First appearance of these two historical papers in chemistry in which Thomson and Wollaston, independently, presents experimental proofs of John Dalton's ""Law of Multiple Proportions"", and thereby laying the foundations of the Atomic Theory. - These demonstrations went far to influence chemists favorably toward Dalton's atomic theory. ""In January 1808 Thomson was the first to submit an experimental illustration of the law of multiple proportions, doing so at least four months before the publication of Dalton's ""New System of Chemistry Philosophy"" (1808). This paper, ""On Oxalic Acid"" also established a usefull method of determining empirical formulas.""(DSB XIII, p. 373).""This paper is also importent as he here introduces quantified chemical symbolism for compounds, a compound with, for instance, two parts oxygen (w) and one part carbon (c) being denoted by 2w + c."" (Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs"", 1808 C).""In 1808 he (Wollaston) described his experiments on carbonates, sulfates, and oxalates, which proved that the composition of these substances was regulated by the law of multiple proportions. These additional instances of the law were easely verifiable and were often mentioned as standard examples. Wollaston accepted that his findings were merely particular instances of Dalton's assertion that the atoms of elements united one to one, or by simple multiple relation.""(DSB XIV, p.488).‎