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Über Stabilität und Turbulenz von Flüssigkeitsströmen. - [OFFPRINT PRESENTATION COPY OF HEISENBERG'S DISSERTATION]
(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth), 1924. 8vo. Offprint from ""Annalen der Physik"" IV. Folge, Bd. 74, 1924. With the author's presentation inscription to upper right corner of first leaf: ""Hrn. Dr. Faxeén mit / best. Empfehl. d. verf."". Stapled spine with rust slightly affecting surrounding paper. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. (1), 578-627.
![Über Stabilität und Turbulenz von Flüssigkeitsströmen. - [OFFPRINT PRESENTATION COPY OF HEISENBERG'S DISSERTATION]. "HEISENBERG, WERNER.](https://static.livre-rare-book.com/pictures/LLX/53190_1_thumb.jpg)
First edition in the exceedingly rare offprint - with a most attractive presentation-inscription from Heisenberg to Swedish Hilding Faxén, an important contributor to the field - of Heisenberg's doctoral dissertation on the stability and turbulence of fluid flow, which ""involved an approximate solution of the complicated equations governing the onset of hydrodynamic turbulence""(David C. Cassidy). It is widely regarded as being ""the most important early paper devoted to this subject"". (Yaglom, Hydrodynamics Instability and Transition to Turbulence).Hilding Faxén (1892 - 1970), Swedish physicist, received his doctorate in 1921 at Uppsala University with his thesis on ""the influence of the container walls on the resistance against movement by a small ball in a viscous fluid"". He formulated several basic equations mainly in hydrodynamics"" the Faxén integral, the Faxén laws, the Faxén theorems and the Faxén-Waller theory.Heisenberg and Faxén most likely met at the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen (Directed by Niels Bohr) where Heisenberg, From 17 September 1924 to 1 May 1925, studied under an International Education Board Rockefeller Foundation fellowship. Despite Sommerfeld's positive evaluation of Heisenberg's thesis - ""In the handling of the present problem, Heisenberg shows once again his extraordinary abilities: complete command of the mathematical apparatus and daring physical insight"" (Arnold Sommerfeld, evaluation of the thesis, 1923) -, the oral presentation did not go as Heisenberg could have hoped for:""Acceptance of the dissertation brought admission of the candidate to the final orals, where in this case trouble began. The examining committee consisted of Sommerfeld and Wien, along with representatives in Heisenberg's two minor subjects, mathematics and astronomy. Much was at stake, for the only grades a candidate received were those based on the dissertation and final oral: one grade for each subject and one for overall performance. The grades ranged from I (equivalent to an A) to V (an F).As the 21-year-old Heisenberg appeared before the four professors on July 23, 1923, he easily handled Sommerfeld's questions and those in mathematics, but he began to stumble on astronomy and fell flat on his face on experimental physics. In his laboratory work Heisenberg had to use a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a device for observing the interference of light waves, on which Wien had lectured extensively. But Heisenberg had no idea how to derive the resolving power of the interferometer nor, to Wien's surprise, could he derive the resolving power of such common instruments as the telescope and the microscope. When an angry Wien asked how a storage battery works, the candidate was still lost. Wien saw no reason to pass the young man, no matter how brilliant he was in other fields."" (Cassidy, Uncertainty).The result was that Heisenberg received the lowest of three passing grades in physics and the same overall grade (cum laude) for his doctorate, both of which were an average between Sommerfeld's highest grade and Wien's lowest grade.There is an interesting epilogue to the story. When Heisenberg derived the uncertainty relations several years later, he used the resolving power of the microscope to derive the uncertainty relations - and he still had difficulty with it. When Bohr pointed out the error, it led to emotional difficulties for Heisenberg. Likewise, this time a positive result came off the affair: Heisenberg's reaction induced Bohr to formulate his own views on the subject, which ultimately led to the so-called Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics.Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 ""for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"".Faxén was appointed professor of mechanics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, where he remained until his retirement in 1958. In 1948 he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.Cassidy 1924b.
Über Stabilität und Turbulenz von Flüssigkeitsströmen. - [HEISENBERG'S DISSERTATION]
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1924. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", band 74, 1924, entire volume offered. Stamp to verso of title-page and hindges loose, otherwise fine. [Heisenberg's paper:] Pp. 577-627. [Entire volume:] VII, (1), 760 pp. + 3 plates.
First appearance of Heisenberg's doctoral dissertation on the stability and turbulence of fluid flow, which ""involved an approximate solution of the complicated equations governing the onset of hydrodynamic turbulence""(David C. Cassidy). It is widely regarded as being ""the most important early paper devoted to this subject"". (Yaglom, Hydrodynamics Instability and Transition to Turbulence).Despite Sommerfeld's positive evaluation of Heisenberg's thesis ""In the handling of the present problem, Heisenberg shows once again his extraordinary abilities: complete command of the mathematical apparatus and daring physical insight"" (Arnold Sommerfeld, evaluation of the thesis, 1923.), the oral presentation did not go as Heisenberg could have hoped for:""Acceptance of the dissertation brought admission of the candidate to the final orals, where in this case trouble began. The examining committee consisted of Sommerfeld and Wien, along with representatives in Heisenberg's two minor subjects, mathematics and astronomy. Much was at stake, for the only grades a candidate received were those based on the dissertation and final oral: one grade for each subject and one for overall performance. The grades ranged from I (equivalent to an A) to V (an F).As the 21-year-old Heisenberg appeared before the four professors on July 23, 1923, he easily handled Sommerfeld's questions and those in mathematics, but he began to stumble on astronomy and fell flat on his face on experimental physics. In his laboratory work Heisenberg had to use a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a device for observing the interference of light waves, on which Wien had lectured extensively. But Heisenberg had no idea how to derive the resolving power of the interferometer nor, to Wien's surprise, could he derive the resolving power of such common instruments as the telescope and the microscope. When an angry Wien asked how a storage battery works, the candidate was still lost. Wien saw no reason to pass the young man, no matter how brilliant he was in other fields."" (Cassidy, Uncertainty)The result was that Heisenberg received the lowest of three passing grades in physics and the same overall grade (cum laude) for his doctorate, both of which were an average between Sommerfeld's highest grade and Wien's lowest grade.There is an interesting epilogue to the story. When Heisenberg derived the uncertainty relations several years later, he used the resolving power of the microscope to derive the uncertainty relations - and he still had difficulty with it. When Bohr pointed out the error, it led to emotional difficulties for Heisenberg. Likewise, this time a positive result came of the affair: Heisenberg's reaction induced Bohr to formulate his own views on the subject, which ultimately led to the so-called Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics.Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 ""for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"".Cassidy 1924b.
"HEISENBERG, WERNER & MAX BORN & PASQUAL JORDAN & WOLFGANG PAULI.
Reference : 39170
(1925)
Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. (Heisenberg). With: Zur Quantenmechanik. (Born a. Jordan). With: Zur Quantenmechanik II. (Born, Heisenberg a. Jordan). With: Über das Wasserstoffspektrum vom Standpunkte de... - [THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM MECHANICS]
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925-26. Bound in 4 nearly uniform contemp. hcloth. Edges a little rubbed. Stamp on title-pages. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", Vols 33,34,35 and 36. VII,950"VII,953VIII,954"VII,951 pp. The offered papers: pp. 879-893 (vol.33), pp. 858-888 (vol.34), pp.557-615 (vol.35) and pp.336-363 (vol. 36). Internally fine and clean.
First printings of these four absolutely fundamental papers, which together MARK THE TURNING POINT IN THE FABRICATION OF A NEW PHYSICS, Quantum Mechanics, also called ""Matrix Mechanics"".""In May 1925, Heisenberg took on a new and difficult problem, the calculation of the line intensities of the hydrogen spectrum. Just as he had done with Kramers and Bohr, Heisenberg began with a Fourier analysis of the electron orbits. When the hydrogen orbit proved too difficult, he turned to the anharmonic oscillator. With a new multiplication rule relating the amplitudes and frequencies of the Fourier components to observed quantities, Heisenberg succeeded in quantizing the equations of motion for this system in close analogy with the classical equations of motion.....in June Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, where he drafted his fundamental paper [the first paper offered], which he completed in July. In this paper Heisenberg proclaimed that the quantum mechanics of atoms should contain only relations between experimentally observable quantities. The resulting formalism served as the starting point for the new quantum mechanics, based, as Heisenberg's multiplication rule implied, on the manipulation of ordered sets of data forming a mathematical matrix....Born and his assistant, Pascual Jordan, quickly developed the mathematical content of Heisenberg's work into a consistent theory with the help of abstract matrix algebra [the second paper offered].Their work, in collaboration with Heisenberg, culminated in their ""three-man paper"" [""Dreimännerarbeit"" - the third paper offered] that served as the foundation of matrix mechanics. Confident of the correctness of the new theory, Heisenberg, Pauli, Born, Dirac, and others began applying the difficult mathematical formalism to the solution of lingering problems."" (DSB).In the last paper offered, the Pauli-paper, he shows that the hydrogen spectrum can be derived from the new theory. His starting-point constitutes, due to Lez, a method for integrating the classical equations of motion of a particle in a Coulomb field. Pauli's paper was received on January 17, 1926, but the main result must have been obtained before November 3, 1925, for on that date, Heisenberg writes Pauli: ""..Ich brauche Ihnen wohl nicht zu schreiben, wie sehr ich mich über die neue Theorie des Wasserstoffs freue..."" Pauli's paper convinced most physicists that Quantum Mechanics is correct. (Van der Waerden).
Zur Theorie der ""Schauer"" in der Höhenstrahlung (+) Zur Theorie der explosionsartigen Schauer in der kosmischen Strahlung. II. - [HEISENBERG'S ""EXPLOSION SHOWERS"" OF COSMIC RAYS]
Berling, Springer, 1936 & 1939. 8vo. In two contemporary halv cloth bindings. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 101, 1936 & 113, 1939. Entire volumes offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].
First printing of Heisenberg's two famous papers on ""explosion showers"" of cosmic rays"" a subject he himself considered ""the frontier of a wholly new and revolutionary physics."" (DSB). ""It appears to me that Heisenberg's experiences with the Fermi theory made a deep and lasting impact on him, which changed the course of his thinking. The strong increase of cross sections with energy he had found led him to surmise that physics may have to be revised at short distances. Already in his 1936 paper [the present] we find references to 'the introduction of a universal length which perhaps must be connected with a new change a principle in the formalism, just as for example the introduction of the constant c led to a modification of prerelativistic physics"". Note also that 1936 was the last year Heisenberg worked on quantum electrodynamics."" (Pais, Inward Bound).""While engaged in this political fight, Heisenberg vigorously pursued his search for a consistent quantum field theory. His tenacious adherence to what he believed to be the beginning of a new quantum revolution is in part attributable to his concern for the vitality of German research. In 1935 Heisenberg's research began to focus on high-energy collisions of elementary particles in cosmic rays, the highest energy phenomena then known. Examining the Fermi (weak) interaction in early 1936, Heisenberg discovered a mathematical minimum length, about the size of elementary particles, that appeared to trigger the onset of ""explosion showers"" of cosmic rays. The minimum length, a notion that he had earlier considered in the context of quantum eletrodynamics, marked, he belived, the boundary of quantum mechanics and the frontier of a wholly new and revolutionary physics.Heisenberg's revolutionary notions were challenged soon afterward by the alternative quantum electrodynamics of ""cascade showers."" generated by Bremsstrahlung and pair production. A controversy ensued, mainly between Heisenberg and several American physicists, over the existence of explosion showers and over allegiances to the two types of theories and their implications for the future course of physics. Fermi's weak-field theory soon proved inapplicable to the problem, but in 1939 Heisenberg extended his notions to Yukawa's (strong) meson theory of nuclear forces, revitalizing the controversy into the war years. A universal minimum length remained a permanent feature of Heisenberg's physics. Although explosion showers later called ""multiple processes,"" were discovered after the war in cosmic-ray events, the invention of renormalization techniques and the experimental confirmation of quantum electrodynamics to the highest energies left Heisenberg's physics with only minority support."" (DSB)Cassidy 1936b, 1939a.
Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. - [BIRTH OF MODERN QUANTUM MECHANICS]
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Bound in full cloth with library label to lower part of spine and library stamps to front free end paper. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik, 33. Band, 1925"". Front boards very loose and spine almost detached. Internally fine and clean. [Heisenberg) Pp. 879-893. [Entire issue: VII, (1), 950 pp.].
First printing of Heiseberg's seminal and groundbreaking paper which laid the foundation for matrix mechanics and thereby giving birth to modern quantum mechanics"" a theory that states quantum mechanics should be based ""exclusively on relationship between quantities which in principle are observable"" (From the abstract). ""The alternative, which he [Heisenberg] chose in his historic paper [the present] and which led to the development of matrix machanics, the earliest formulation of modern quantum mechanics, abandoned Bohr's description of motion in terms of classical physics altogether and replaced it by a description in terms of what Heisenberg regarded as observable magnitudes"" (Jammer, The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics, P. 197).""After nearly two weeks on Helgoland, Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, where he drafted his fundamental paper ""Über die quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen,"" which he completed in July. In this paper Heisenberg proclaimed that the quantum mechanics of atoms should contain only relations between experimentally observable quantities. Theresulting formalism served as the starting point for the new quantum mechanics, based, as Heisenberg's multiplication rule implied, on the manipulation of ordered sets of data forming a mathematical matrix."" (DSB)Before Heisenberg's discovery the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory was the leading theory. By the early 1920's most physicists agreed that the Bohr-Sommerfeld theory had problems and that there was a need to replace it with a new quantum theory. Heisenberg's main achievement was to replace the idea of orbital path with what could be observed, namely the light emitted and absorbed by the atoms. Because of the unfamiliar mathematics which Heisenberg's new theory used, several physicists had doubts about its consistency. But Max Born soon realized that the laws, which the theory relied on, were the same as the laws, which apply to matrix algebra. In 1925 Born and his student Pascual Jordan published ""Zur Quantenmechanik"" which reformulated Heisenbergs theory in terms of matrices, in the special case of one degree of freedom. With ""Zur Quantenmechanik II"" (or the ""Three Man Paper"") published 1926, Heisenberg, Born and Jordan described the new theory in the general case of arbitrarely many freedom degrees.
Über den Bau der Atomkerne, I-III. (In ""Zeitschift für Physik"", Band 77, 78 & 80). - [""THE TRANSITION TO THE MODERN VIEW ON NUCLEAR FORCES""]
Berlin, J. Springer, 1932-33. 8vo. Volume 77 and 78 bound in two uniform contemporary half cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spine. Volume 30 in a contemporary full cloth binding with black leather title-label to spine. Volume 78 and 78 with minor wear to spine, internally two very nice and clean copies. Volume 80 with wear to spine and minor overall soiling to extremities. Ex-library copy with library stamp [Bedford College] to pasted down front free end-paper and title page. Internally a clean copy. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen I, Vol. 77:] Pp. 1-11. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen II, Vol. 78:] Pp. 156-164. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen III, Vol. 80:] Pp. 587-596. [Entire volumes: VIII, 837 pp." VIII, 857 pp." VIII, 844 pp.].
First printing of Heisenberg's groundbreaking neutron-proton model. The three papers ""mark the transition to the modern view on nuclear forces."" (Pais. Inward Bound. P. 413). Shortly after Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons. This introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin.""Soon after the discovery of the neutron in 1932 [By Chadwick], Heisenberg developed a neutron-proton model of the nucleus by introducing the concept of the nuclear exchange force and the formalism of isotopic spin. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics could be applied to the nucleus, Heisenberg showed, as long as long as on did not consider the structure of nucleons. Heisenberg's work served as the basis for contemporary nuclear physics, of fields. In 1935 Heisenberg and his assistants, especially Weizsäcker. Heisenberg preferred to continue the search for a consistent quantum physics, much of which was pursued by his assistant Hans Euler discovered that nonlinear interactions in positron theory, which yielded photonphoton scattering, could be represented by treating the electron as possessing a minimum size, below which the interferences predominated."" (DSB).Heisenberg played an important role in the unsuccessful attempt German attempt to build a nuclear reactor.The three volumes contain numerous important contributions by contemporary physicians.
Die 'beobachtbaren' Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen (+) Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II. - [THE DISCOVERY OF S-MATRIX]
Berlin, Springer, 1943. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 120, 1943. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].
First printing of Heisenberg's two seminal paper on the scattering matrix, or S-matrix. """"S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's"" (DSB). These papers are ranked by David Cassidy as being amoung his most important.""The outbreak of world war in September 1939 profoundly affected Heisenberg and his career. Still of military age, he was ordered to report to the Army We apons Bureau (Heereswaffenamt) in Berlin. There the authorities asked him and other leading German nuclear physicists to investigate whether nuclear fission, discovered in Berlin a year earlier, could be used for large-scale energy production. Within two months Heisenberg completed a comprehensive report on the theory of chain reactions and their uses, including their use in an atomic bomb. Thereport made Heisenberg the leading specialist on nuclear energy in Germany.In order to continue the promising research, the Army Weapons Bureau designated the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin the center of German fission research. After the departure of the institute's Dutchdirector, peter Debye, who chose emigration over German citizenship, Heisenberg was named adviser, and later acting director, of the institute and its nuclear research. At the same time, Heisenberg supervised preliminary reactor experiments in Leipzig. He also continued with high-energy interactions. In papers written between 1942 and 1944, Heisenberg developed a theory of particle collisions based, as in 1925, only upon the observable properties of the colliding particles. Theresulting ""S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's but renormalized field theories eventually found more followers."" (DSB)Cassidy 1943a, 1943b
Zur Methode der Molekularstrahlen. I. (Untersuchungen zur Molekularstrahlmethode aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Hamburgischen Universität. Nr. 1.) (+) [Heisenberg:] Über die Spektra von Atomsystemen mit zwei Elektronen. - [THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FIELD OF MOLECULAR BEAMS]
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. 8vo. Bound in a contemporary half cloth. Small Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Library stamt to title-page. A nice and clean copy. [Heisenberg:] pp. 499-518. [Stern:] Pp. 751-763. [Entire volume: VIII, 948 pp.].
First printing of Stern's first publication of his famous and groundbreaking series of papers named UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR MOLEKULARSTRAHLMETHODE (U.z.M.), which established the field of molecular beams. In the first of the U.z.M.-papers (the present), Stern explains the advantages and disadvantages of the method, discusses technical details, and then gives the program for future work. In this section he mentions 1, the measurement of magnetic moments of molecules, including those due to the electrons, to the nucleus, and those induced by diamagnetic action 2, electric dipole moments, including the so-called permanent dipole moment as well as moments of higher order (quadrupoles) 3, the measurement of the field of force of molecules (molecular forces)" 4, fundamental problems such as the recoil on emission of a quantum, the de Broglie waves of matter, and others. The execution of this immense program kept him busy and gave work to many assistants, students, postdoctoral fellows, and guests of his institute.This series reached 30 papers before it ended prematurely due to interruption by Nazi Germany.ÜBER DIE SPEKTRA VON ATOMSYSTEMEN MIT ZWEI ELEKTRONEN. First edition of this important paper in which Heisenberg - after inventing Quantum Mechanics the year before (1925) - investigates some of the fundamental aspects of the new theory. Heisenberg recognizes the invariance of the wave equation with respect to various transformations. ""It is clear that such invariance exists with respect to an interchange of the coordinates of identical particles, e.g. of two electrons in an atom of two nuclei of the same kind in a molecule. As a consequence, the wave function of a non-degenerate stationary state must either remain unchanged or may only change sign when the transformation is applied to it....Indeed, in this way Pauli's exclusion principle for electrons found a formulation in terms of wave mechanics.""(K. Kronik in Memorial Volume to Wolfgang Pauli).
Bermerkung zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons (+) Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons. - [EULER-HEISENBERG LAGRANGIAN]
Berlin, Springer, 1934 & 1936. 8vo. In two contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 90, 1934 & Bd. 98, 1936. Entire volumes offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine. Pp. 209-23" Pp. 714-32. [Entire volume: VIII, 835 pp." VIII, 794 pp.].
First appearance of Heisenberg and Euler's important papers in which they were the first to be able to show that Paul Dirac's introduction of the positron opens the possibility that photons in electron-positron pair production scatter with each other. Here they also presented the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian which describes the non-linear dynamics of electromagnetic fields in vacuum. It takes into account vacuum polarization to one loop, and it is valid for electromagnetic fields that change slowly compared to the inverse electron mass. ""Heisenberg preferred to continue the search for a consistent quantum physics, much of which was pursued by his assistant Hans Euler discovered that nonlinear interactions in positron theory, which yielded photonphoton scattering, could be represented by treating the electron as possessing a minimum size, below which the interferences predominated."" (DSB).Cassidy 1934a, 1936a.
Über den Bau der Atomkerne, I-III [All]. (Extracted from Zeitschift für Physik, Band 77, 78 & 80). - [HEISENBERG'S ATOMIC MODEL]
Berlin, J. Springer, 1932-33. 8vo. Bound together in recent attractive marbled boards. Leather title-label with gilt lettering on front board. Title-pages from the three volumes withbound (small rubberstamp). (11),(9),(12) pp.
First edition of Heisenberg's neutron-proton model. Shortly after Chadwick discoverd the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons, -this introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin. (DSB 17: p.398).
Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik. (On the physical content of the quantum theoretical kinematics and mechanics). - [FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE]
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 8vo. Contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. A small paper-label pasted to lower part of spine. Very light edgewear. Corners a bit bumped. In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 43, p.172-198. The entire volume offered,. VII,936 pp.
First appearance of the first announcement of Heisenberg's famous ""Uncertainty Principle"", stating that it is impossible to determine accurately and both members of specific pairs of atomic variables simultaneously, and that the minimum product of the two variables are proportional to Planck's constant 'h' - one of the most important and celebrated findings in modern physics.""Heisenberg's paper 'On the physical content of the quantum theoretical kinematics and mechanics' was received by the publishers on 23 March, after Bohr had returned - and had correctly criticized some substantial points in the manuscript. All the same Heisenberg's work is on a par with his discovery paper of quantum mechanics and represents a most solid contribution to its interpretation. It is THE FIRST PAPER IN WHICH THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS OBSERVABLE AND WHAT IS NOT IS QUANTITATIVELY DISCUSSED IN THE CONTEXT OF QUANTUM MECHANICS. His work marks the beginning of a subject on which volumes have since been written: the measurement problem in quantum physics."" (Pais in ""Niels Bohr's Times"", p. 304).
Der Teil und das Ganz. Gerspräche im Umkreis der Atomphysik -- EDITION ORIGINALE -- BEL EXEMPLAIRE
Munchen, Piper, 1969, un volume in 8 relié en pleine toile éditeur, 1 portrait, 334pp.
---- EDITION ORIGINALE ---- BEL EXEMPLAIRE ---- "Heisenberg est d'abord l'un des fondateurs de la théorie quantique... Ses travaux le situent au premier plan des théoriciens contemporains et lui ont valu le Prix Nobel en 1932. C'est également Heisenberg qui le premier en 1927 a formulé les relations ou inégalités liant, pour un même objet quantique, la largeur de son spectre en quantité de mouvement et la largeur de son spectre en position. C'est en grande partie autour de l'interprétation qu'il faut donner à ces relations que se sont instaurées les controverses qui devaient présider à la naissance de la mécanique quantique... Outre ses productions scientifiques, Heisenberg est l'auteur d'ouvrages de mise au point, de vulgarisation et de réflexion : La physique du noyau atomique, Physique et philosophie ; la science moderne en révolution ..." ---- Erste Begegnung mit der Atomlehre (1919-1920) - Der Entschluss zum Physikstudium (1920) - Der Begriff Verstehen in der modernen Physik (1920 bis 1922) - Belehrung ¥ber Politik und Geschichte (1922-1924) - Die Quantenmechanik und ein Gespräh mit Einstein (1925-1926) - Erste Gespräche ¥ber das Verhältnis von Naturwissenschaft und Religion (1927) - Atomphysik und pragmatische Denkwiese (1929) - Gespräche ¥ber das Verhältnis zwischen Biologie, Physik und Chemie (1930-32) - Quantenmechanik und Kantsche Philosophie (1930-1932) - Diskussion ¥ber die Sprache (1933) - Revolution und Universitätsleben (1933) - Diskussionen ¥ber die Möglichkeinten der Atomtechnik und ¥ber die Elementarteilchen (1935-1937) - Das Handeln des Einzelnen in der politischen Katastrophe (1937-1941) - Der Weg zum neuen Anfang (1941-1945) - Ubezr die Verantwortung des Forschers (1945-1950) - Positivismus, Metaphysik und Religion (1952) - Auseinandersetzungen in Politik und Wissenschaft (1956 bis 1957) - Die einheitliche Feldtheorie (1957-1958) - Elementarteilchen und Platonische Philosophie (1961-1965)**6554/M5DEP
Physique et philosophie. La science moderne en révolution. Traduit de l'anglais par Jacqueline Hadamard -- PREMIERE EDITION FRANCAISE
P., A. Michel, 1961, un volume in 8, broché, couverture imprimée, 250pp., (1)
---- PREMIERE EDITION FRANCAISE ---- "Heisenberg est d'abord l'un des fondateurs de la théorie quantique... Ses travaux le situent au premier plan des théoriciens contemporains et lui ont valu le Prix Nobel en 1932. C'est également Heisenberg qui le premier en 1927 a formulé les relations ou inégalités liant, pour un même objet quantique, la largeur de son spectre en quantité de mouvement et la largeur de son spectre en position. C'est en grande partie autour de l'interprétation qu'il faut donner à ces relations que se sont instaurées les controverses qui devaient présider à la naissance de la mécanique quantique... Outre ses productions scientifiques, Heisenberg est l'auteur d'ouvrages de mise au point, de vulgarisation et de réflexion : La physique du noyau atomique, Physique et philosophie ; la science moderne en révolution ..." ---- Histoire de la théorie des quanta - L'interprétation de Copenhague - La théorie quantique et les racines de la science atomique - Le développement des idées philosophiques depuis Descartes et la nouvelle situation en théorie quantique - Théorie de la relativité - Le rôle de la physique moderne dans l'évolution actuelle de la pensée humaine - ETC**6553/2621/M7DE
Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom.
[Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923]. 8vo. Extracted from ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel. 16. Band"". No backstrip. Pp. 229-244.
First printing of this important paper in which Heisenberg and Born applied the quantum theory the helium atom.Heiseberg arrived in Gottingen for the winter semester of 1922-1923, which gave a private assistantship with Born.""Except for semester-long visits to Munich and Copenhagen. Heisenberg remained in Göttingen until May 1926. The period was one of his most productive scientifically. With his colleagues there, he developed the matrix form of quantum mechanics, progressed toward an interpretation of the new formalism, and applied the quantum theory, along with electron spin, to the Zeeman effect, the helium atom, and other old problems. In July 1924 Heisenberg qualified to teach on the university level by presenting to the Göttingen faculty a modification of the quantum rules for the Zeeman effect. The modification foreshadowed the notions of what Born was now calling a future ""quantum mechanics."" (DSB).
"HEISENBERG, WERNER. - THE CONSTITUTION OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS.
Reference : 48025
(1925)
Zur Quantentheorie der Multiplettstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. (Eingegangen am 10. April 1925).
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 32. Band. VI,951 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Heisenberg's paper: pp. 841-860. A small erased stamp on titlepage leaving two small holes, no loss of text. Internally clean.
First appearance of Heisenberg's importent paper on the complex spectra of many-electron atoms, - the third paper Heisenberg submitted from Copenhagen on the Quantum Theory.""The paper on multiplet structure and anomalous Zeeman effects..., contained a complete discussion of the problem at that time. This paper had the blessing of Niels Bohr"" also Pauli, who wasin Copenhagen when the paper was completed, agreed with its overall content. The central goal of the paper was to formulate what Bohr called 'the stress (constraint), which is not analogous to the action of external forces' and to derive quantitative conclusions from it."" (Mehra and rechenberg ""The Historical development of Quantum Theory"", vol. 2, p. 201).The volume contains another importent paper in the history of Quantum Physics: W. BOTHE und H. GEIGER ""Über das Wesen des Comptoneffekts, ein experimenteller Beitrag zur Theorie der Strahlung"", pp. 639-663.
"HEISENBERG, W. (WERNER) und W. (WOLFGANG) PAULI. - ESTABLISHING QUANTUM FIELD THEORY.
Reference : 48182
(1929)
Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder. (I-) II. (2 papers).
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1929 u. 1930. Bound in 2 contemp. uniform hcloth over marbled boards. A stamp to top of titlepages. Gilt lettering to spine. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel"", 56. und 59. Band. VII,867 pp. u. VII,874 pp. (2 entire volumes offered). Heisenberg & Pauli's paper: pp. 1-61 a. pp. 168-190. Internally clean and fine.
First appearance of these two papers of seminal importence as Heisenberg and Pauli here laid the foundation , by using a new method, for the quantum field theory, and gave the ""relativistic formulation of quantum electrodynamics in the presence off charges and currents""(Pais). They were the first to attempt a general formulation of quantum electrodynamics by setting up a general scheme for the quantization of fields which they hoped would be applicable to the Maxwell field.In the papers they also introduced what is today called ""gauge fixing"", which from then on are among the precious tools of field theory.""Heisenberg and Pauli thus established the basic structure of QFT which can be found in any introduction to QFT up to the present day"" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).
"HEISENBERG, W. (WERNER) und W. (WOLFGANG) PAULI. - ESTABLISHING QUANTUM FIELD THEORY.
Reference : 48904
(1929)
Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder. (I-) II. (2 papers).
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1929 u. 1930. Bound in 2 contemp. uniform hcloth. Spine ends a bit worn, cloth broken on fronthinge to vol. 56. (binding not loose).. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Herausgegeben von Karl Scheel"", 56. und 59. Band. VII,867 pp. u. VII,874 pp. (2 entire volumes offered). Heisenberg & Pauli's paper: pp. 1-61 a. pp. 168-190. Internally clean.
First appearance of these two papers of seminal importence as Heisenberg and Pauli here laid the foundation, by using a new method, for the quantum field theory, and gave the ""relativistic formulation of quantum electrodynamics in the presence off charges and currents""(Pais). They were the first to attempt a general formulation of quantum electrodynamics by setting up a general scheme for the quantization of fields which they hoped would be applicable to the Maxwell field.In the papers they also introduced what is today called ""gauge fixing"", which from then on are among the precious tools of field theory.""Heisenberg and Pauli thus established the basic structure of QFT which can be found in any introduction to QFT up to the present day"" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).
"HEISENBERG, WERNER. - THE CONSTITUTION OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS.
Reference : 49362
(1925)
Zur Quantentheorie der Multiplettstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. (Eingegangen am 10. April 1925).
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. Contemp. hcloth. In: ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", 32. Band. VI,951 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Heisenberg's paper: pp. 841-860. A stamp to title-page and front free endpaper. Interally clean.
First printing of Heisenberg's importent paper on the complex spectra of many-electron atoms, - the third paper Heisenberg submitted from Copenhagen on the Quantum Theory.""The paper on multiplet structure and anomalous Zeeman effects..., contained a complete discussion of the problem at that time. This paper had the blessing of Niels Bohr"" also Pauli, who was in Copenhagen when the paper was completed, agreed with its overall content. The central goal of the paper was to formulate what Bohr called 'the stress (constraint), which is not analogous to the action of external forces' and to derive quantitative conclusions from it."" (Mehra and Rechenberg ""The Historical development of Quantum Theory"", vol. 2, p. 201).The volume contains another importent paper in the history of Quantum Physics: W. BOTHE und H. GEIGER ""Über das Wesen des Comptoneffekts, ein experimenteller Beitrag zur Theorie der Strahlung"", pp. 639-663.
Die Elektronenbahnen im angeregten Heliumatom.
[Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923]. 8vo. Extracted from ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel. 16. Band"". No backstrip. Pp. 229-244.
First printing of this important paper in which Heisenberg and Born applied the quantum theory the helium atom.Heiseberg arrived in Gottingen for the winter semester of 1922-1923, which gave a private assistantship with Born.""Except for semester-long visits to Munich and Copenhagen. Heisenberg remained in Göttingen until May 1926. The period was one of his most productive scientifically. With his colleagues there, he developed the matrix form of quantum mechanics, progressed toward an interpretation of the new formalism, and applied the quantum theory, along with electron spin, to the Zeeman effect, the helium atom, and other old problems. In July 1924 Heisenberg qualified to teach on the university level by presenting to the Göttingen faculty a modification of the quantum rules for the Zeeman effect. The modification foreshadowed the notions of what Born was now calling a future ""quantum mechanics."" (DSB).Cassidy 1923b
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences - Ethan Pollock - Peter Westwick - Finn Aaserud on Niels Bohr - James H. Williams on Fang Lizhi - H. Lyman Miller on Xu Liangying and He Zuoxiu - Cathryn Carson on Heisenberg - David Holloway - Morris Low - Alexei Kojevnikov - Zuoyue Wang - Jessica Wang
Reference : 100932
(1999)
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences - Volume 30, Part 1 (1999) , (The scientist and the statesman : Niels Bohr's political crusade during World War II - Fang Lizhi's big bang : A physicist and the state in China - Xu Liangying and He Zuoxiu : Divergent responses to physics and politics in the post-Mao period - New models for science in politics : Heisenberg in West Germany - Physics, the state, and civil society in the Soviet Union - Science and civil society in Japan : Physicists as public men and policymakers - Dialogues about knowledge and power in totalitarian political culture - U.S.-China scientific exchange : A case study of state-sponsored scientific internationalism during the Cold War and beyond - Merton's shadow : Perspectives on science and democracy since 1940)
University of California Press, History of Science and Technology , Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1999 Book condition, Etat : Bon paperback, editor's white wrappers, title in blue grand In-8 1 vol. - 306 pages
few black and white illustrations and text-figures 1st edition, 1999 Contents, Chapitres : Cathryn Carson, Ethan Pollock, Peter Westwick, James H. Williams : Editors' Foreword - Finn Aaserud : The scientist and the statesman : Niels Bohr's political crusade during World War II - James H. Williams : Fang Lizhi's big bang : A physicist and the state in China - H. Lyman Miller : Xu Liangying and He Zuoxiu : Divergent responses to physics and politics in the post-Mao period - Cathryn Carson : New models for science in politics : Heisenberg in West Germany - David Holloway : Physics, the state, and civil society in the Soviet Union - Morris Low Science and civil society in Japan : Physicists as public men and policymakers - Alexei Kojevnikov : Dialogues about knowledge and power in totalitarian political culture - Zuoyue Wang : U.S.-China scientific exchange : A case study of state-sponsored scientific internationalism during the Cold War and beyond - Jessica Wang : Merton's shadow : Perspectives on science and democracy since 1940 near fine copy, no markings - pages 1 to 306
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences - Alexi Assmus - Stuart M. Feffer - Jack Morrell - Alexander Rueger - Mark Walker on Werner Heisenberg - Skuli Sigurdsson on Vito Volterra
Reference : 100916
(1992)
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences - Volume 22, Part 2 (1992) , (The molecular tradition in early quantum theory - Atoms, cancer, and politics : Supporting atomic science at the University of Chicago, 1944-1950 - Research in physics at the Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford 1919-1939 - Attitudes towards infinities : Responses to anomalies in quantum electrodynamics, 1919-1947 - Physics and propaganda : Werner Heisenberg's foreign lectures under National Socialism - 17,000 reprints later : Description and analysis of the Vito Volterra Reprint Collection)
University of California Press, History of Science and Technology , Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1992 Book condition, Etat : Bon paperback, editor's white wrappers, title in blue grand In-8 1 vol. - 195 pages
few black and white illustrations and text-figures 1st edition, 1992 Contents, Chapitres : Alexi Assmus : The molecular tradition in early quantum theory - Stuart M. Feffer : Atoms, cancer, and politics : Supporting atomic science at the University of Chicago, 1944-1950 - Jack Morrell : Research in physics at the Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford 1919-1939 - Alexander Rueger : Attitudes towards infinities : Responses to anomalies in quantum electrodynamics, 1919-1947 - Mark Walker : Physics and propaganda : Werner Heisenberg's foreign lectures under National Socialism - Skuli Sigurdsson : 17,000 reprints later : Description and analysis of the Vito Volterra Reprint Collection plastified wrappers, transparent, else near fine, no markings - pages 210 to 404
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences -Bruno Carazza and Helge Kragh on Augusto Righi - Michael Eckert on Heisenberg - Stuart Leslie - Ilana Löwy on Volta - Giuliano Pancaldi - Lewis Pyenson
Reference : 100912
(1990)
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences - Volume 21, Part 1 (1990) , (Augusto Righi's magnetic rays : A failed research program in early 20th-century physics - Primacy doomed to failure : Heisenberg's role as scientific adviser for nuclear policy in the FRG - Profit and loss : the military and MIT in the postwar era - Variances in meaning in discovery accounts : The case of contemporary biology - Electricity and life. Volta's path to the battery - Habits of mind : Geophysics at Shangai and Algiers, 1920-1940)
University of California Press, History of Science and Technology , Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1990 Book condition, Etat : Bon paperback, editor's white wrappers, title in blue grand In-8 1 vol. - 210 pages
few black and white illustrations and text-figures 1st edition, 1990 Contents, Chapitres : Bruno Carazza and Helge Kragh : Augusto Righi's magnetic rays : A failed research program in early 20th-century physics - Michael Eckert : Primacy doomed to failure : Heisenberg's role as scientific adviser for nuclear policy in the FRG - Stuart Leslie : Profit and loss : the military and MIT in the postwar era - Ilana Löwy : Variances in meaning in discovery accounts : The case of contemporary biology - Giuliano Pancaldi : Electricity and life. Volta's path to the battery - Lewis Pyenson : Habits of mind : Geophysics at Shangai and Algiers, 1920-1940 near fine copy, no markings - pages 1 to 210
Canguilhem (Georges) et Taton (René), eds. - J. Billard - J. Bromberg on Heisenberg - M. W. Burke-Gaffney - P. Forman - P.G. Hamamdjian sur Ampère - A. Hermann - T. Hirosige - D. Ivanenko - F. Herneck on Einstein und Schopenhauer - M. A. Hoskin on Edwin Hubble - B. Kouznetsov sur Galilée et Einstein - O.A. Lezehneva - S. Nisio - V. Parkazdé - E. Rybka - K.F. Schaffner on Lorentz - B.I. Spassky - B. J. Spencer on Bohr and Zeeman - R.H. Stuewer on Arthur Holly Compton - W.H. Venable on Samuel P. Langley - David Weiner - E. Yagi on Nagaoka - J.M. Zemplen on Eotvos
Reference : 101137
(1971)
Actes du XIIe Congrès International d'Histoire des Sciences - Tome V (5). Histoire de la physique, y compris l'astronomie , Paris, Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, du 25 au 31 août 1968 (Etudes de la propagation des ondes lumineuses dans les milieux à la fois anisotropes et actifs - Heisenberg's paper on nuclear structure - Spectroscopic observations on Comet 1882, II - On the discovery of the diffraction of X-Rays by cristals - Genèse des idées d'Ampère en électromagnétisme - Zur Frühgeschichte der Quantentheorie - The decline of the Ether - Main periods of Soviet physics - Einstein und Schopenhauer - Edwin Hubble and the existence of external galaxies - Galilée et Einstein - Soviet scientific research in the history of physics - Chemical considerations and Bohr atom model - Développement de la physique en Géorgie au Xxe - Plan of a general history of astronomy - Theory and experiment in Lorentz's contraction hypothesis - Concept de modèle en physique - Bohr theory and Zeeman effect - Arthur Holly Compton and the reflexion of X-Rays - Samuel P. Langley's Bolometer and far Infra-Red - History of the 20th cy. Physics - Nagaoka's Saturnian Atomic model - Eotvos experiment and modern physics)
Librairie Scientifique et Technique Albert Blanchard , Congrès International d'Histoire des Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1971 Book condition, Etat : Bon broché, sous couverture imprimée éditeur verte grand In-8 1 vol. - 127 pages
1ere édition, 1971 Contents, Chapitres : J. Billard : Etudes de la propagation des ondes lumineuses dans les milieux à la fois anisotropes et actifs - J. Bromberg : Heisenberg's paper on nuclear structure - M. W. Burke-Gaffney : Spectroscopic observations on Comet 1882, II - P. Forman : On the discovery of the diffraction of X-Rays by cristals - P.G. Hamamdjian : Genèse des idées d'Ampère en électromagnétisme - A. Hermann : Zur Frühgeschichte der Quantentheorie - T. Hirosige : The decline of the Ether - D. Ivanenko : Main periods of Soviet physics - F. Herneck : Einstein und Schopenhauer - M. A. Hoskin : Edwin Hubble and the existence of external galaxies - B. Kouznetsov : Galilée et Einstein - O.A. Lezehneva : Soviet scientific research in the history of physics - S. Nisio : Chemical considerations and Bohr atom model - V. Parkazdé : Développement de la physique en Géorgie au Xxe - E. Rybka : Plan of a general history of astronomy - K.F. Schaffner : Theory and experiment in Lorentz's contraction hypothesis - B.I. Spassky : Concept de modèle en physique - B. J. Spencer : Bohr theory and Zeeman effect - R.H. Stuewer : Arthur Holly Compton and the reflexion of X-Rays - W.H. Venable : Samuel P. Langley's Bolometer and far Infra-Red - C. Weiner : History of the 20th cy. Physics - E. Yagi : Nagaoka's Saturnian Atomic model - J.M. Zemplen : Eotvos experiment and modern physics bords des plats à peine jaunis, sinon bel exemplaire, intérieur frais et propre, coins à peine cornés, papier très légèrement jauni, cela reste un bon exemplaire - Actes du XIIeme Congrès International d'Histoire des Sciences - Tome 5 seul, complet en lui-même sur l'Histoire de la physique et l'astronomie
Über die Spektra von Atomsystemen mit zwei Elektronen.
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", Bd. 39, pp. 499-518. With the titlepage to the whole volume.
First edition of this importent paper in which Heisenberg - after inventing Quantum Mechanics the year before (1925) - investigates some of the fundamental aspects of the new theory. Heisenberg recognizes the invariance of the wave equation with respect to various transformations. ""It is clear that such invariance exists with respect to an interchange of the coordinates of identical particles, e.g. of two electrons in an atom of two nuclei of the same kind in a molecule. As a consequence, the wave function of a non-degenerate stationary state must either remain unchanged or may only change sign when the transformation is applied to it....Indeed, in this way Pauli's exclusion principle for electrons found a formulation in terms of wave mechanics.""(K. Kronik in Memorial Volume to Wolfgang Pauli).
Über Phasenbeziehungen bei den Bohrschen Modellen von Atomen und Molekeln.
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1923. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"" Bd. 14, 1923. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end paper and title page, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 44-55. [Entire volume: IV, 414 pp.].
First printing of Born and Heisenberg's paper on Bohr's atomic model, being a part of Heisenberg's Habilitation, which he completed under Born in 1924 in Göttingen.Cassidy 1923a.
