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Distant Electric Vision (+) Telegraphic Photography and Electric Vision (+) Telegraphic Photography and Electric Vision. - [THE FIRST DESCRIPTION OF AN ELECTRONIC METHOD OF PRODUCING TELEVISION]
London, Macmillan & Co, 1908. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with five raised bands and two black leather title labels with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Nature"", May - October, 1908, Vol. LXXVIII [78]. Library label to first page of index and bookplate pasted on to front free end-paper. Fine and clean Fine and clean P. 151" Pp. 105-6. [Entire volume: LII, 686 pp.].
First printing of this seminal publication in the history of television" it is generally considered the earliest and most important paper in the early development of television. It constitutes the first description of an electronic method of producing television.Responding to an article in the June 4, 1908 issue of Nature by Shelford Bidwell entitled ""Telegraphic Photography and Electric Vision,"" A. A. Campbell Swinton wrote a letter to the editor of Nature proposing a solution to the most pressing problems in achieving ""distant electric vision"": ""This part of the problem of obtaining distant electric vision can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of kathode rays (one at the transmitting and one at the receiving station) synchronously deflected by the varying fields of two electromagnets placed at right angles to one another and energised by two alternating electric currents of widely different frequencies, so that the moving extremities of the two beams are caused to sweep simultaneously over the whole of the required surface within the one-tenth of a second necessary to take advantage of visual persistence."" (SWINTON).""The final, insurmountable problems with any form of mechanical scanning were the limited number of scans per second, which produced a flickering image, and the relatively large size of each hole in the disk, which resulted in poor resolution. In 1908 a Scottish electrical engineer, A. A. Campbell Swinton, wrote that the problems 'can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of kathode rays' instead of spinning disks. Cathode rays are beams of electrons generated in a vacuum tube. Steered by magnetic fields or electric fields, Swinton argued, they could 'paint' a fleeting picture on the glass screen of a tube coated on the inside with a phosphorescent material. Because the rays move at nearly the speed of light, they would avoid the flicker problem, and their tiny size would allow excellent resolution. Swinton never built a set (for, as he said, the possible financial reward would not be enough to make it worthwhile)..."" (Britannica). Hiers, Early Television no 366.
Distant Electric Vision (+) Telegraphic Photography and Electric Vision (+) Telegraphic Photography and Electric Vision. - [THE FIRST DESCRIPTION OF AN ELECTRONIC METHOD OF PRODUCING TELEVISION]
London, Macmillan & Co, 1908. Royal8vo. Bound in publisher's pictorial cloth. Gilt lettering and Nature's logo to spines and front board. In ""Nature"", May - October, 1908, Vol. LXXVIII [78]. Entire volumes offered. ""Emmanuel College"" in gilt lettering to spines. Two library stamps to title-page and first index page. A small tear to top of spine and signs after removal of label to spine. Very slight wear to extremities, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Rare in the publisher's binding. P. 151" Pp. 105-6. [Entire volume: LII, 686 pp.].
First printing of this seminal publication in the history of television" it is generally considered the earliest and most important paper in the early development of television. It constitutes the first description of an electronic method of producing television.Responding to an article in the June 4, 1908 issue of Nature by Shelford Bidwell entitled ""Telegraphic Photography and Electric Vision,"" A. A. Campbell Swinton wrote a letter to the editor of Nature proposing a solution to the most pressing problems in achieving ""distant electric vision"": ""This part of the problem of obtaining distant electric vision can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of kathode rays (one at the transmitting and one at the receiving station) synchronously deflected by the varying fields of two electromagnets placed at right angles to one another and energised by two alternating electric currents of widely different frequencies, so that the moving extremities of the two beams are caused to sweep simultaneously over the whole of the required surface within the one-tenth of a second necessary to take advantage of visual persistence."" (SWINTON).""The final, insurmountable problems with any form of mechanical scanning were the limited number of scans per second, which produced a flickering image, and the relatively large size of each hole in the disk, which resulted in poor resolution. In 1908 a Scottish electrical engineer, A. A. Campbell Swinton, wrote that the problems 'can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of kathode rays' instead of spinning disks. Cathode rays are beams of electrons generated in a vacuum tube. Steered by magnetic fields or electric fields, Swinton argued, they could 'paint' a fleeting picture on the glass screen of a tube coated on the inside with a phosphorescent material. Because the rays move at nearly the speed of light, they would avoid the flicker problem, and their tiny size would allow excellent resolution. Swinton never built a set (for, as he said, the possible financial reward would not be enough to make it worthwhile)..."" (Britannica). Siers & Siers, Early Television no 366.
Bath-Tub Vortex. - [THE CORIOLIS EFFECT ON A BATHTUB VORTEX]
London, Macmillian, 1962. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Nature"", Vol. 196, October - December. Stamp to pasted down front end-paper and title-page. A fine copy. Pp. 1080-1. [Entire colume: LII, 1346 pp.].
![Bath-Tub Vortex. - [THE CORIOLIS EFFECT ON A BATHTUB VORTEX]. "SWINTON, A. A. CAMPBELL.](https://static.livre-rare-book.com/pictures/LLX/59906_1_thumb.jpg)
![Bath-Tub Vortex. - [THE CORIOLIS EFFECT ON A BATHTUB VORTEX]. "SWINTON, A. A. CAMPBELL.](https://static.livre-rare-book.com/pictures/LLX/59906_2_thumb.jpg)
First appearance of Shapiro's famous paper in which he sought to describe a bathtub vortex with the Coriolis Effect. This eventually gave birth to the urban myth that a toilet vortex always will have a counter clockwise flow in the Northern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect on a micro level is still disputed and has never been satisfyingly confirmed or rejected. Scientists were aware that Earth's rotation alters the trajectory of objects in motion. This phenomenon causes low-pressure weather systems to twist counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect, as it's known, had long been well documented as the cause of hurricanes and tornadoes. But despite previous attempts, no one had shown that the effect-first described in 1835 by the French engineer and mathematician Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis-works on very small scales as well. Though in theory it should influence bathwater's exit through a drain, the Coriolis effect was thought to be too small to see.""For his experiment, Shapiro used a circular, flat-bottomed tub with a centered drain hole three-eighths of an inch in diameter to which he attached a 20-foot length of hose, plugged with a stopper at the end. He filled the tank six inches deep with clean, room-temperature water. Small variations-air movement, a temperature change, a surface disturbance-create buoyancy currents that overshadow the Coriolis effect. So Shapiro did much tinkering to cancel out these possible sources of interference-covering the tank with a sheet of plastic to keep out air currents, for example, and carefully controlling the room's temperature. He also filled the tank by swirling water in clockwise, so that if the water drained counterclockwise, the direction would not have been influenced by how the tank was filled.After 24 hours of letting the water settle, Shapiro carefully pulled the plug from the end of the hose, gently placing above the drain a small float made of two crossed slivers of wood an inch long. It took about 20 minutes for the tub to drain completely. For the first 12 to 15 minutes, the float remained motionless. Then it began to rotate almost imperceptibly, counterclockwise, reaching a peak speed of approximately one revolution every three to four seconds. Proving that the Coriolis effect can be detected in a bathtub-size tank, albeit under carefully controlled conditions, was a remarkable achievement. At MIT's latitude of 42°, the effect was ""only thirty-millionths that of gravity, which is so small that it will be overcome by filling and even temperature differences and water impurities,"" reported one of many newspapers and periodicals covering the experiment. Shapiro's results were published in Nature and verified by colleagues who used his technique to demonstrate a clockwise flow in the Southern Hemisphere. The findings fascinated a curious public of all ages. Shapiro would also become known for explaining and improving the aerodynamics of golf ball dimples, as well as for helping to develop the intra-aortic balloon for heart patients and devices to treat blood clots, asthma, emphysema, and glaucoma. But for more than a decade after the bathtub test, he would receive letters and newspaper clippings from all over the world about what was dubbed the ""bathtub vortex"" controversy. "" (MIT Technology Review).
