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Über Wärmeleitung in verdünnten Gasen. - [AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE]
Leipzig, Barth, 1898. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint from ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"", Neue Folge, Band 64, 1898. Two stamp to top left corner of front wrapper. ""Habilitations-Schrift"" written in ink to top of front wrapper. A fine copy. Pp. 101-130.
First edition, in the scarce author's presentation offprint issue, of this important paper on the discontinuity of temperature widely regarded as being his first important contribution to science. The work is of seminal importance for by publishing it Smoluchowski joined the dispute on the validity of atomic conceptions. These were far from accepted at the end of the nineteenth century and their recognition was partly due to Smoluchowski.""In 1875 Warburg and A. Kundt, on the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, had predicted that if the temperature of a gas differed from that of the container wall, the former temperature would not pass continuously to the latter: there would be a discontinuity of temperature between the gas and the wall. Their experiments, successful in the case of the analogous phenomenon of the slipping of gases, had not been decisive for temperature discontinuity. Smoluchowski, observing the cooling time of a thermometer in a gas-filled container, demonstrated that an effect exists and reached significant values with rarefied gas in [The present paper].This work was of special importance. For by publishing it Smoluchowski joined the dispute on the validity of atomic conceptions. These, represented in physics mainly by the kinetic theory of gases developed by Boltzmann. were far from accepted at the end of the nineteenth century"" and their recognition was partly due to Smoluchowski. At that time only a few phenomena were predicted by the kinetic theory or required it for intelligibility. Among them was discontinuity of temperature, for its existence was wholly unexplained from a classical point of view. Moreover, in 1897 after his return to Vienna, Smoluchowski pointed out the quantitative agreement of his experimental results with the kinetic theory. In 1898 the University of Vienna admitted him veniam legendi."" (DSB).
Über durchschnittliche maximale Abweichung bei Brown'scher Molekularbewegung und Brillouin's Diffusionsversuche.
Wien, Alfred Hölder, 1915. 8vo. Unopened, uncut in the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint from ""Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften"", Abteilung IIa, 124. Band, 3. und 4. Heft. A very fine and clean copy. 14 pp.
First printing of Smolukowski's important paper the Average deviation in Brownian motion in relation to Brillouin's experiments on diffusion.Einstein and Smolukowski work simultaneously and independently in the beginning of the 1900ies Brownian Motion. Smolukowski continued his work in this field and he work is distinct from Einstein's since Einstein relate it to diffusion. ""From about 1900 Smoluchowski worked on Brownian movement. He wished to use experimental data to verify the theory he had obtained desire complicated by the confused situation of experimental research. In the meantime Einstein, in papers of 1905 and 1906, had presented a solution to the problem. Smoluchowski then decided to publish his results in 1906, which presented his different method. Einstein started from general relations of statistical physics, an approach that was universal but did not lend itself to visualization. For example, Einstein said nothing of the collisions between a Brownian particle and the surrounding molecules. Smoluchowski started by examining the effects of successive collisions and obtained a final formula that differed little from Einstein's. Smoluchowski's further works in this field extend through an examination of the Brownian movement of a particle undergoing the influence of a quasi-elastic force to the Brownian movements of macroscopic bodies. At the Conference of Natural Scientists at Münster in 1912, Smoluchowski proposed the observation of the Brownian rotative movement of a small mirror suspended on a thin quartz fiber and the observation free end of a similar fiber. The first experiment was performed by W. Gerlach and E. Lehrer in 1927, and later by Eugen Kappler"" the second, by A Houdijk and P. Zeeman, and by E. Einthoven. In 1925, Both experiments confirmed Smoluchowski's calculations.""
Studien über Molekularstatistik von Emulsion und deren Zusammenhang mit der Brownschen Bewegung.
Wien, Alfred Hölder, 1915. 8vo. Unopened, uncut in the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint from ""Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften"", Bd. CXXIII, Abt. IIa, Dezember, 1914. A very fine and clean copy. 25 pp.
First printing of Smolukowski's important paper on molecule statistics, emulsion and their connection to Brownian Motion. Einstein and Smolukowski work simultaneously and independently in the beginning of the 1900ies Brownian Motion. Smolukowski continued his work in this field and he work is distinct from Einstein's since Einstein said nothing of the collisions between a Brownian particle and the surrounding molecules.""From about 1900 Smoluchowski worked on Brownian movement. He wished to use experimental data to verify the theory he had obtained desire complicated by the confused situation of experimental research. In the meantime Einstein, in papers of 1905 and 1906, had presented a solution to the problem. Smoluchowski then decided to publish his results in 1906, which presented his different method. Einstein started from general relations of statistical physics, an approach that was universal but did not lend itself to visualization. For example, Einstein said nothing of the collisions between a Brownian particle and the surrounding molecules. Smoluchowski started by examining the effects of successive collisions and obtained a final formula that differed little from Einstein's. Smoluchowski's further works in this field extend through an examination of the Brownian movement of a particle undergoing the influence of a quasi-elastic force to the Brownian movements of macroscopic bodies. At the Conference of Natural Scientists at Münster in 1912, Smoluchowski proposed the observation of the Brownian rotative movement of a small mirror suspended on a thin quartz fiber and the observation free end of a similar fiber. The first experiment was performed by W. Gerlach and E. Lehrer in 1927, and later by Eugen Kappler"" the second, by A Houdijk and P. Zeeman, and by E. Einthoven. In 1925, Both experiments confirmed Smoluchowski's calculations.""
Zur kinetischen Theorie der Brownschen Molekularbewegung und der Suspensionen. (Bearbeitet nach einer am 9. Juli 1906 der Krakauer Akademie vorgelegten und demnächst in dem Bullet. Int. Crac. erschienenen Abhandlung).
(Leipzig, Barth, 1906). Without wrappers.. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Bd. 21, No. 14.. Pp. 509-780. (Entire issue offered No 14). Smoluchowski's paper: pp. 756-780. Clean and fine.
First appearance of the final form of Smoluchowski's rechearches on the Brownian Movements, hereby introducing the Statistical Theory of the Brownian Movements.""Smoluchowski began his 1906 paper (the paper offered) by referring to Einstein's two articles of 1905. ""The findings (of these papers) agree completely with some results which I had...obtained several years ago and which I consider since then as an importent argument for the kinetic nature of this phenomenon."" Then why had he not published earlier ? 'Although it has not been possible for me till now to undertake an experimental test of the consequences of this point of view, something I originally intended to do, I have decided to publish these considerations...' In support of this decision, he stated that his kinetic method seemed more direct, simpler, and therefore more convincing than Einstein's, in which collision kinetics plays no explicit role....In any case, Smoluchowski's paper IS AN OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION TO PHYSICSS,even though the priority of Einstein is beyond question (as Smoluchowski himself pointed out)."" (Pais ""Subtle is the Lord"", pp. 100 ff.
Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym oraz innych zjawisk pokrewnych. - [AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION INSCRIPTION]
Krakowie, Nakladem Akademii Umiejetnosci, 1908. 8vo. Unopened, uncut in the original printed wrappers. With authors inscription.
Offprint with author's presentation inscription to front wrapper of the first Polish publication of Smoluchowski's important paper on the reasons behind the blue sky and how to reproduce it. ""In 1910 Theodor Svedberg based his experiments on Smoluchowski's calculations, observing how many particles of a suspension can be seen in the field of vision of a microscope at a given time and experimentally confirming Smoluchowski's predictions to an astonishingly high degree Smoluchowski himself had previously proved the existence of fluctuations of density in a pure gas by demonstrating that they are responsible for the known but unexplained phenomenon of the opalescence of a gas at a critical state. His paper ""Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym"" (""kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical Stale"" 1907) shows why the critical point plays such an important role and states that the opalescence of pure gas also should be observable under normal conditions: ""Each of us has observed it innumerable times when admiring the blue of the sky or the glow of the rising sun."" Smoluchowski combined the theory of fluctuations with the results of Lord Rayleigh's researches on the blue of the sky"" his finding (Einstein also took part in the discussion) was that the blueness of the sky was caused by fluctuations in the density of the air. Smoiuchowski's laboratory production of sky blue closed the investigation to a certain extent."" (DSB).
Beitrag zur Theorie der Opaleszenz von Gasen im Kritischen zustande.
Cracovie, Imprimerie de L'Université, 1911. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Octobre 1911. Very fine and clean. Pp. (2), 493-502.
Offprint issue of Smoluchowski's second paper on the reasons behind the blue sky and how to reproduce it.""In 1910 Theodor Svedberg based his experiments on Smoluchowski's calculations, observing how many particles of a suspension can be seen in the field of vision of a microscope at a given time and experimentally confirming Smoluchowski's predictions to an astonishingly high degree Smoluchowski himself had previously proved the existence of fluctuations of density in a pure gas by demonstrating that they are responsible for the known but unexplained phenomenon of the opalescence of a gas at a critical state. His paper ""Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym"" (""kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical Stale"" 1907) shows why the critical point plays such an important role and states that the opalescence of pure gas also should be observable under normal conditions: ""Each of us has observed it innumerable times when admiring the blue of the sky or the glow of the rising sun."" Smoluchowski combined the theory of fluctuations with the results of Lord Rayleigh's researches on the blue of the sky"" his finding (Einstein also took part in the discussion) was that the blueness of the sky was caused by fluctuations in the density of the air. Smoiuchowski's laboratory production of sky blue closed the investigation to a certain extent."" (DSB).
Über Brownsche Molekularbewegung unter Einwirkung äusserer Kräfte und deren Zusammenhang mit der verallgemeinerten Diffusionsgleichung. - [THE SMOLUCHOWSKI EQUATION]
Leipzig, Barth, 1915. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint from ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 48, 1915. A very fine copy, near mint. Pp. 1103-1112.
Scarce presentation offprint with the printed presentation of Smolukowski's important drift-diffusion equation or the Smoluchowski equation. Here he documented that In some cases, the average velocity field exists because of a force, for example, the equation might describe the flow of ions dissolved in a liquid, with an electric field pulling the ions in some direction. This is referred to as the drift-diffusion equation (not to be confused with the Einstein-Smoluchowski relation)
Versuch einer mathematischen Theorie der Koagulationskinetik kolloidaler Lösungen.
Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1917. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from: ""Zeitschrift für physicalische Chemie"", XCII band, 2. heft. Very fine and clean. Pp. 129-168.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski's important paper on the mathematics behind his seminal coagulation equation. ""The underlying model may be described as follows: Consider n particles in three-dimensional Euclidean space, each particle being surrounded by a sphere of influence of diameter R. The particles move independently of each other, according to a Brownian Motion, as long as their distance is greater than R. When two particles meet at a distance R they stick together and form a ""double particle"", which itself is again in Brownian motion - and so on. Smoluchowski found on a heuristic basis an explicit formula for the average concentration of single, double, triple etc. particles at a time t."" (Lang, Smoluchowski's Theory of Coagulation in Colloids Holds Rigorously in the Boltzmann-Grad-Limit)
Elektrische Endomose und Strömungsströme. - [AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE]
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1914. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint of Smoluchowski's chapter in ""Handbuch der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus"". Very fine and clean. Pp. 366-428.
Scarce offprint with the author's printed presentation statement of Smoluchowski's important contribution to the ""Handbuch der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus"" in which he developed his theory of electroosmotic flow.""From 1899 Smoluchowski worked at the University of Lvov. Appointed professor in 1900, he held the chair of mathematical physics there until 1913. His first works at Lvov concerned atmospheric physics, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, electrophoresis, and the theory of mountain folding. Recognition for these specialized works was show by his being asked to write the chapter on endosmosis phenomena in Handbuch der Elektrizitätund des Magnetismus, edited by J. A. Barth (Leipzig, 1914)."" (DSB).
Sur la conductibilité calorifique des corps pulvérisés (+) Études sur la conductibilité calorifique des corps pulvérisés (suite). - [THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY]
Cracovie, Imprimerie de L'Université, 1910 + 1911. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Two offprints from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Mai, 1910 & Octobre, 1911. Both very fine and clean. Pp. (2), 130-53"" Pp. (1), 549-57.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski's important paper in which he documented that a layer of smooth spherical particles in vacuum may be used as an effective thermal insulator.""This was discovered by M. Smoluchowski some forty years ago. He investigated both theoretically and experimentally the thermal conductivity of powders, and concluded that filling the space between the walls of a Dewar vessel with a suitable powder would provide improved insulation by reducing the convective currents as well as the radiation and, moreover, would improve the vacuum by absorption. His application for a patent resulted in a long argument with the German Patent Office, whose examiners were reluctant to admit that any material agent could provide a better insulation than 'absolute' vacuum. At that time a large metallic Dewar vessel with its interstice filled with powdered active carbon was built at the Physical Institute of the University in Lwów, and showed the expected high insulating properties."" (Klemensiewicz, Thermal Conductivity of Powders)
Contributions to the theory of transpiration, diffusion and thermal conduction in rarified gases.
Cracovie, Imprimerie de L'Université, 1910. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Juillet 1910. Very fine and clean. Pp. (2), 295-312.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski early work on thermal transpiration in rarefied gases. Maxwell worked on the subject in the 1880ies but it was not until Danish Knudsen and Smoluchowski - with the present paper - the subject was reintroduced and created the whole field research in vacuum.
Molekular-kinetische Theorie der Opaleszenz von Gasen im kritischer Zustande. sowie einiger verwandter Erscheinungen. (Kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical State). (Bearbeitet nach einer am 2. December 1907 der Krakauer Akademie vorgelegt...
(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth), 1908 No wrappers. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck."", Vierte Folge. Band 25, No 2. Pp. 185-376. The entire issue offered. Smoluchowski's paper: pp. 206-226The block is punched in inner margins after cords.
First German edition. ""His paper ""Teoria kinetyczna opalescencji gazów w stanie krytycznym"" (""kinetic Theory of Gas Opalescence at the Critical Stale"" 1907) - the paper offered in the German version - shows why the critical point plays such an important role and states that the opalescence of pure gas also should be observable under normal conditions: ""Each of us has observed it innumerable times when admiring the blue of the sky or the glow of the rising sun."" Smoluchowski combined the theory of fluctuations with the results of Lord Rayleigh’s researches on the blue of the sky" his finding (Einstein also took part in the discussion) was that the blueness of the sky was caused by fluctuations in the density of the air. Smoiuchowski’s laboratory production of sky blue closed the investigation to a certain extent.that pure air can opalesce in the laboratory under normal conditions.
Sur les phénomènes aérodynamiques et les effets thermiques qui les accompagnent.
Cracovie, Imprimerie de L'Université, 1903. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Mars, 1903. Very fine and clean copy. Pp. 143-182.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski early work on aerodynamics and the related thermal effects.
Contribution à la théorie du mouvement des liquides visqueux" en particulier des problèmes en deux dimensions.
Cracovie, Imprimerie de L'Université, 1907. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Mars, 1903. ""Überricht vom Vorfasser"" written to top right corner of front wrapper. Very fine and clean copy. Pp. 143-182.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski's on the theory of motion of viscous liquids.
Przyczynek do teoryi ruchów cieczy lepkich, zwlaszcza zagadnien dwuwymiarowych [Contribution to the theory of the motion of viscous liquids, especially in two-dimensional problems].
Krakowie, Nakladem Akademii Umiejetnosci, 1907. 8vo. Unopened, uncut in the original printed wrappers. Light miscolouring to wrappers. Fine and clean. 16 pp.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski's on the theory of motion of viscous liquids.
Bemerkung zu der Arbeit B. Baules: ""Theoretische Behandlung der Erscheinungen in verdünnten Gasen"". - [AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE]
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1914. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint from ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 45, 1914. Light miscolouring to left margin of front wrapper. A very fine and clean copy, near mint. Pp. 1098-1102.
First edition, in the scarce author's presentation offprint issue, of Smoluchowski's comment of B. Baules paper on theoretical treatment of phenomena in rarefied gases.
Über die Wechselwirkung von Kugeln die Sich in einer Zähen Flüssigkeit Bewegen.
Cracovie, Imprimerie de L'Université, 1911. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Janvier 1911. Very fine and clean. Pp. (2), 28-39.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski's paper on the interaction of spheres that moves in a viscous liquid.
Anzahl und Grösse der Moleküle und Atome.
Bologna, Nicola Zanichelli, 1913. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers (With both the regular journal issue wrappers and the offprint wrappers - as issued). Offprint from ""Scientia"", Band XIII, Jahr 7. (1913), N.XXVII-1. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 1-(25) - 20-(44).
Offprint issue of Smoluchowski's paper on the number and size of mulecules and atoms.
Über gewisse Mängel in der Begründung des Entropiesatzes sowie der Boltzmann'schen Grundgleichung in der kinetischen Gastheorie.
Cracovie, Imprimerie de L'Université, 1915. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Juillet 1915. Very fine and clean, near mint. Pp. (2), 164-178.
Offprint issue of Smoluchowski's paper on certain deficiencies of the foundations of the law of entropy and the basic Boltzmann equation of the kinetic theory of gases.
Theoretische Bemerkungen über die Viskosität der Kolloide.
Dresden & Leipzig, Theodor Steinkopff, 1916. Royal8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint from ""Kolloid-Zeitschrift"", Heft 5, Band XVIII. With a few nicks to front wrapper. A hole (1 cm2) going all the way through the issue, however, not affecting text. Pp. (2), 191-95.
First edition, in the scarce author's presentation offprint issue, of Smoluchowski's theoretical remarks on the viscosity of the colloids.
Zur Theorie der Zustandsgleichungen. - [AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE]
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1915. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper ""Überreicht vom Verfasser"" [i.e. ""Given by the author""]. Offprint from ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 48, 1915. A very fine and clean copy, near mint. Pp. 1098-1102.
First edition, in the scarce author's presentation offprint issue, of Smoluchowski's paper on The Equation of State.
Sur la formation des veines d'efflux dans les liquides.
Cracovie, Imprimerie de l'Universite, 1904. 8vo. In the original stapled printed wrappers. Offprint from ""Bulletin de L'Académie des Sciences de Cracovie"", Octobre, 1904. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. (2), 371-384.
Scarce offprint of Smoluchowski's paper on the flow of liquids.
