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Statistical Thermodynamics. Course of Seminar Lectures. Delivered in January - March 1944, at the School of Theoretical Physics. - [A UNIFIED STANDARD METHOD OF DEALING WITH STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS]
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1944. 4to. Original pre-publication typescript, hectographt print, printed on rectos only. In original red printed wrappers with black cloth spine. Paley Johanson's copy, with his owner's name and inscription to top of front wrapper: Paley Johnson/ Dept. of Colloid Science/ Free School Lane/ Cambridge"". A few smaller nicks and creases to front wrapper, otherwise a fine clean copy. (2), 135 ff.
Scarce pre-publication typescript, with an excellent provenance, of Schrödinger's important attempt at developing a simple, unified standard method of dealing with all cases of statistical thermodynamics, developed in his seminar lectures of the Dublin institute for advanced studies in January - March 1944. A very small edition of the lectures was published in hectograph form by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies [offered item]. In 1952 the first public printing, differing a bit from the hectograph printing, of the lectures appeared - in a book of the same title. That highly popular book was printed in large numbers. ""The idea of this seminar is to develop briefly one simple, unified standard method, capable of dealing, without changing the fundamental attitude, with ALL cases (classical, quantum, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac, etc.) and with every new problem that may turn up. The interest is focused on the general procedure, and examples are dealt with as illustrations thereof. Not a first introduction for new-comers to the subject is intended, rather a 'repetitorium'. The wording is extremely shortened about well-known stories to be found in every one of a hundred text-books, but more extended on some vital points, usually passed over in all but large monographs (as Fowler's and Tolman's)There is, essentially, only one problem in statistical thermodynamics: the distribution of a given amount of energy E over N identical systems..."" (From the General Introduction by Schrödinger, f. 1).It is in the course of the present lectures that Schrödinger explains why he thought the Boltzmann counting method not be appropriate. Furthermore, Schrödinger here distinguishes himself from his 1925-6 publications on the same subject by presenting (1) the complete relinquishment of the concept of wave packets, and (2) the exclusive stress put on the field quantization formalism which, for all statistical purposes, is equivalent to Schrödinger's initial quantized matter wave model. ""A very small edition of these lectures was published in hectograph by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. It is hoped that the present edition, for which the text has been slightly revised, may reach a wider circle of readers. (Initiating Note in the second edition of the book). PALEY JOHNSON (1917-2011) was a famous colloid scientist, in the field of which he became a world authority, focusing on the physical properties of biological macromolecules in solution. Having won a place at Trinity College Cambridge and gone on to make a PhD there, he went on to the Royal Institution in London, where, along with Albert Alexander, he produced a comprehensive two-volume Oxford University Press monograph on Colloid Science, which, for nearly half a century, remained the authoritative text in the field, and is still a valuable reference source, even today. Primarily in recognition of this, along with other achievements, the University subsequently awarded Paley the distinction of an ScD degree. In 1950, he returned to Free School Lane to take up an academic post at the Colloid Science Laboratory.""Paley was first and foremost an experimentalist, one of the best, and his attention turned to physical techniques for solving biological problems - to two techniques in particular, of which he became the master and a world authority. One was the analytical Utracentrifuge. [...] Paley found a completely new application for this technique in the characterization of gels, gelatin and other jelly-like materials. One of the present world leaders in colloid science, Professor Helmut Colfen at the University of Konstanz in Germany, comments on this work on gel analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge: ""Paley did the first systematic analyses of gel systems in the centrifuge which was highly pioneering work since up to then, only solutions or dispersions of particles had been investigated. He found that the behaviour of a gel in the centrifuge was fundamentally different from a solution or dispersion and established the theory describing this. He was thus the first one to accurately describe the behaviour of gels in the centrifugal field and laid the foundations for the analysis and understanding of the important class of materials known as hydrogels, crucial for their application in food and biopharmaceuticals.""The other technique which became Paley's trademark was light scattering of macromolecular dispersions - a technique requiring meticulous attention to detail. Without that attention, as Paley would say, ""experiments were not useful"". In his own research and publications, he did a lot to establish good practice, giving detailed procedures for achieving this, and was very critical of other studies where this attention to detail was not followed or shortcuts had been taken. [...] Colloid science at Cambridge and Paley Johnson were almost synonymous."" (Steve Harding, Obituary in The Biochemical society, december 2011).Colloid Science, with its study of large molecules, is a bridge building subject lying at the boundary of a number of disciplines, physical chemistry, biology and mathematics. It's results are important and beneficiel in a large number of fields. During the War Paley worked in the colloid laboratory collaborating with others on various projects: the development of incendiary mixtures and the use of cellulose nitrate in making cordite for rockets" the use of detergents in lubrication the use of synthetic polymers in warfare. He also had a wartime research Fellowship sponsored by ICI looking at an interest, which remained a serious study, the use of the protein in peanut butter.
Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. (Erste-Vierte Mitteilung) + Über das Verhältnis der Heisenberg-Born-Jordanschen Quantenmechanik zu der meinen. - [THE BIRTH OF WAVE MECHANICS]
Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1926. 8vo. All five paper bound separately in blank blue wrappers. Extracted from In ""Annalen der Physik. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck., Vierte Folge, Bde. 79-81.""Entire issue 4, 6, 8, 13 and 18 offered. A fine and clean set. [Schrödinger's papers:] Pp. 361-376" Pp. 489-527" Pp. 734-756 (Bd. 79). Pp. 438-490 (Bd. 60). Pp. 109-131 (Bd. 81).
First printing and first appearence of these 5 papers which introduces Schrödinger's wave-equations and explains the stationary states of electrons in Bohr's theory of the atom by way of applying de Broglie's concept of electron waves. These papers are among the most important in modern physics and ""almost overnight, made Schrödinger famous"" (Brandt, Harvest of a Century).""The intensity of Schrödingers work on the problem (he found the earlier Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory unsatisfactory) increased as he saw that he was on the track of ""a new atomic theory"", and it reached a peak during his winter vacation in Arosa. On 27 December 1925 he wrote to Wilhelm Wien, editor of the ""Annalen der Physik"" inMunich that he was very optimistic: ""I believe that I can give a vibrating system...thatyields the hydrogen frequency levels as it eigenfrequencies."" The frequences of the emitted light rays are then obtained, as Schrödinger observed, by establishing the differences of the two eigenfrequencies respectively. ""Consequently the way is opened toward a real understanding of Bohr's frequency calculation - it is really a vibration (or, as the case may be, interference) process, which occurs with the same frequency as the one we observe in the spectroscope. I hope, that I will soon be able to report on this subject in a little more detail and in a more comprehensive fashion"" (Schrödinger's letter to Wien)...The so-called Klein-Gordon equations which Schrödinger used gives an incorrect description of the relativistic structures Schrödinger tried to describe. As this equation he tried to use, describes particles without spin, whereas a a description of electrons requires the Dirac equation...""After a brief interruption Schrödinger took up his method again, but this time he treated the electron nonrelativistically. It soon became apparent that he had arrived at a theory that correctly represented a the behavior of the electron to a very good approximation. THE RESULT WAS THE EMERGENCE OF WAVE MECHANICS IN JANUARY 1926. Schrödinger published the results of his research in a series of four papers in the ""Annalen der Physik"" bearing the overall title ""Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem."" The first installment, sent on 26 January and received by Wien the next day, contains the first apperarance in the literature of his famous wave equation, written out for the hydrogen atom...""(DSB). In the fifth paper offered, Schrödinger himself shows that there is an essential equivalence of his theory and that of Heisenberg, Born and Jordan's.Brandt, Harvest of a Century, no. 39.
Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. (Erste-Vierte Mitteilung) + Über das Verhältnis der Heisenberg-Born-Jordanschen Quantenmechanik zu der meinen" - [THE BIRTH OF WAVE MECHANICS]
Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1926. Bound in 3 uniform contemp. full cloth. Spine with gilt lettering. Lower parts of spine with remains of a paperlabel. Edges very slightly rubbed. In ""Annalen der Physik. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck."", Vierte Folge, Bde. 79-81. VI,760"VIII,828"VIII,1172 pp. Textillustr. and plates. The Schrödinger papers: Pp. 361-376,489-527,734-756 (Bd. 79) - pp. 438-490 (Bd. 60) - pp. 109-131 (Bd. 81). Internally clean and fine. One page of ""Inhalt"" in Bd. 79 misbound and with a small tear.
First printing and first appearence of these 5 papers which introduces Schrödinger's wave-equations and explains the stationary states of electrons in Bohr's theory of the atom by way of applying de Broglie's concept of electron waves. These papers are among the most important in modern physics.""The intensity of Schrödingers work on the problem (he found the earlier Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory unsatisfactory) increased as he saw that he was on the track of ""a new atomic theory"", and it reached a peak during his winter vacation in Arosa. On 27 December 1925 he wrote to Wilhelm Wien, editor of the ""Annalen der Physik"" inMunich that he was very optimistic: ""I believe that I can give a vibrating system...thatyields the hydrogen frequency levels as it eigenfrequencies."" The frequences of the emitted light rays are then obtained, as Schrödinger observed, by establishing the differences of the two eigenfrequencies respectively. ""Consequently the way is opened toward a real understanding of Bohr's frequency calculation - it is really a vibration (or, as the case may be, interference) process, which occurs with the same frequency as the one we observe in the spectroscope. I hope, that I will soon be able to report on this subject in a little more detail and in a more comprehensive fashion"" (Schrödinger's letter to Wien)...The so-called Klein-Gordon equations which Schrödinger used gives an incorrect description of the relativistic structures Schrödinger tried to describe. As this equation he tried to use, describes particles without spin, whereas a a description of electrons requires the Dirac equation...""After a brief interruption Schrödinger took up his method again, but this time he treated the electron nonrelativistically. It soon became apparent that he had arrived at a theory that correctly represented a the behavior of the electron to a very good approximation. THE RESULT WAS THE EMERGENCE OF WAVE MECHANICS IN JANUARY 1926. Schrödinger published the results of his research in a series of four papers in the ""Annalen der Physik"" bearing the overall title ""Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem."" The first installment, sent on 26 January and received by Wien the next day, contains the first apperarance in the literature of his famous wave equation, written out for the hydrogen atom...""(DSB). In the fifth paper offered here, Schrödinger himself shows that there is an essential equivalence of his theory and that of Heisenberg, Born and Jordan's.
Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. Part I-IV. (Erste-Vierte Mitteilung) (+) Über das Verhältnis der Heisenberg-Born-Jordanschen Quantenmechanik zu der meinen" - [THE BIRTH OF WAVE MECHANICS]
Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1926. 8vo. Bound in three volumes: two uniform contemporary half cloth and one contemporary full cloth. In ""Annalen der Physik. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck., Vierte Folge, Bde. 79-81."" Band 79 (full cloth) with gilt lettering to spine, library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper and library stamp to front free end-paper. Band 80,81 (half cloth) with a copy of the title page pasted on the front boards. White handwritten title to spine and coners bumped. Library cards inserted on pasted down front free end-paper. All three copies internally fine and clean. [Schrödinger's papers:] Pp. 361-376" Pp. 489-527 Pp. 734-756 (Bd. 79). Pp. 438-490 (Bd. 60). Pp. 109-131 (Bd. 81). [Entire volumes: VII, (1), 160 pp. + 10 plates VII, (1), 828 pp. + 15 plates" VIII, 1172 pp. + 11 plates.].
First printing and first appearence of these 5 papers which introduces Schrödinger's wave-equations and explains the stationary states of electrons in Bohr's theory of the atom by way of applying de Broglie's concept of electron waves. These papers are among the most important in modern physics.""The intensity of Schrödingers work on the problem (he found the earlier Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory unsatisfactory) increased as he saw that he was on the track of ""a new atomic theory"", and it reached a peak during his winter vacation in Arosa. On 27 December 1925 he wrote to Wilhelm Wien, editor of the ""Annalen der Physik"" inMunich that he was very optimistic: ""I believe that I can give a vibrating system...thatyields the hydrogen frequency levels as it eigenfrequencies."" The frequences of the emitted light rays are then obtained, as Schrödinger observed, by establishing the differences of the two eigenfrequencies respectively. ""Consequently the way is opened toward a real understanding of Bohr's frequency calculation - it is really a vibration (or, as the case may be, interference) process, which occurs with the same frequency as the one we observe in the spectroscope. I hope, that I will soon be able to report on this subject in a little more detail and in a more comprehensive fashion"" (Schrödinger's letter to Wien)...The so-called Klein-Gordon equations which Schrödinger used gives an incorrect description of the relativistic structures Schrödinger tried to describe. As this equation he tried to use, describes particles without spin, whereas a a description of electrons requires the Dirac equation...""After a brief interruption Schrödinger took up his method again, but this time he treated the electron nonrelativistically. It soon became apparent that he had arrived at a theory that correctly represented a the behavior of the electron to a very good approximation. THE RESULT WAS THE EMERGENCE OF WAVE MECHANICS IN JANUARY 1926. Schrödinger published the results of his research in a series of four papers in the ""Annalen der Physik"" bearing the overall title ""Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem."" The first installment, sent on 26 January and received by Wien the next day, contains the first apperarance in the literature of his famous wave equation, written out for the hydrogen atom...""(DSB). In the fifth paper offered, Schrödinger himself shows that there is an essential equivalence of his theory and that of Heisenberg, Born and Jordan's.
Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. (Erste-Vierte Mitteilung) + Über das Verhältnis der Heisenberg-Born-Jordanschen Quantenmechanik zu der meinen" - [THE BIRTH OF WAVE MECHANICS.]
Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1926. Bound recently in 3 fine hcalf of black morocco.. Spine with gilt lettering. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck."", Vierte Folge, Bde. 79-81. VI,760"VIII,828"VIII,1172 pp. Textillustr. and plates. The Schrödinger papers: Pp. 361-376,489-527,734-756 (Bd. 79) - pp. 438-490 (Bd. 60) - pp. 109-131 (Bd. 81). Internally clean and fine.
First printing and first appearence of these 5 papers which introduces Schrödinger's wave-equations and explains the stationary states of electrons in Bohr's theory of the atom by way of applying de Broglie's concept of electron waves. These papers are among the most important in modern physics.""The intensity of Schrödingers work on the problem (he found the earlier Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory unsatisfactory) increased as he saw that he was on the track of ""a new atomic theory"", and it reached a peak during his winter vacation in Arosa. On 27 December 1925 he wrote to Wilhelm Wien, editor of the ""Annalen der Physik"" inMunich that he was very optimistic: ""I believe that I can give a vibrating system...thatyields the hydrogen frequency levels as it eigenfrequencies."" The frequences of the emitted light rays are then obtained, as Schrödinger observed, by establishing the differences of the two eigenfrequencies respectively. ""Consequently the way is opened toward a real understanding of Bohr's frequency calculation - it is really a vibration (or, as the case may be, interference) process, which occurs with the same frequency as the one we observe in the spectroscope. I hope, that I will soon be able to report on this subject in a little more detail and in a more comprehensive fashion"" (Schrödinger's letter to Wien)...The so-called Klein-Gordon equations which Schrödinger used gives an incorrect description of the relativistic structures Schrödinger tried to describe. As this equation he tried to use, describes particles without spin, whereas a a description of electrons requires the Dirac equation...""After a brief interruption Schrödinger took up his method again, but this time he treated the electron nonrelativistically. It soon became apparent that he had arrived at a theory that correctly represented a the behavior of the electron to a very good approximation. THE RESULT WAS THE EMERGENCE OF WAVE MECHANICS IN JANUARY 1926. Schrödinger published the results of his research in a series of four papers in the ""Annalen der Physik"" bearing the overall title ""Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem."" The first installment, sent on 26 January and received by Wien the next day, contains the first apperarance in the literature of his famous wave equation, written out for the hydrogen atom...""(DSB). In the fifth paper offered here, Schrödinger himself shows that there is an essential equivalence of his theory and that of Heisenberg, Born and Jordan's.Brandt, Harvest of a Century, no. 39.
