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London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical magazine and Journal of Science. Vol. XXVI - Sixth Serie
Londres, Taylor and Francis, juillet - décembre 1913, in-4, 1064 pp. 24 pl, Broché, couverture imprimée de l'éditeur, Fort volume réunissant les numéros 151 à 156 de cette revue scientifique de premier ordre, fondée en 1798 par le naturaliste anglais Richard Taylor. Il contient, en édition originale, l'article de Niels Bohr "On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules" en trois parties (n° 151, 153 et 155) ; Ernest Rutherford, en collaboration avec son élève H. Richardson, pour "Analysis of the Gamma Rays from Radium D and Radium E" (n° 152) et "Analysis of the Gamma Rays of the Thorium and Actinium products" (n° 156) ; ainsi que l'article d'Henry G.J. Moseley "The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements" (n° 156) : ? Niels Bohr (1885 1962), "On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules" : dans ce texte fondamental sur la constitution des atomes et des molécules, le scientifique danois met au point sa théorie qui refonde le modèle de l'atome de Rutheford, alors en usage. Il introduit la notion d'état stationnaire des électrons, joint le modèle de l'atome de Rutherford à la théorie quantique de Planck et invente ainsi le modèle de Bohr, qui, bien qu'il ait été révisé depuis, a permis d'autres découvertes scientifiques également importantes. ? Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), "Analysis of the Gamma Rays from Radium D and Radium E" et "Analysis of the Gamma Rays of the Thorium and Actinium products" : le physicien néo-zélandais publie ici ses recherches à propos des rayons gamma provenant du radium D et radium E puis du thorium et de l'actinium. Il a créé le nom de rayonnement gamma et les a déjà divisés en deux groupes en fonction de leur puissance pénétrante. ? Henry Moseley (1887-1915), "The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements": l'élève, puis le collaborateur de Rutherford, a mené les expériences de cet article dans son propre laboratoire. Le scientifique britannique cherche à y mesurer les spectres de rayons X en plaçant les éléments dans des tubes sous vide puis en les bombardant d'électrons. Grâce à ce dispositif, il mettra en évidence la loi de Moseley qui met en relation les longueurs d'onde des rayons X et le numéro atomique des éléments, concept qu'il découvre et nomme. Cet découverte permettra de compléter le tableau périodique de Mendeleïev de ses éléments encore non connus. Bel ensemble d'articles scientifiques novateurs dans leur édition originale. Exemplaire non coupé. Cachets de l'Institut catholique de Paris. Dos refait, un peu fragile. PMM, 407. DSB, Rutherford, Moseley. Couverture rigide
Bon 1064 pp. 24 pl.
"RUTHERFORD, ERNEST - NIELS BOHR - C.G. DARWIN. - THE DISCOVERY OF THE 'PROTON'.
Reference : 41545
(1914)
The Structure of the Atom. (Rutherford) + (Darwin:) Collision of 'alpha' Particles with Light Atoms. + (Bohr:) On the Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Spectral Lines
London, 1914. No wrappers, but stiched. All three papers contained in: ""Philosophical Magazine"", Sixth Series, Vol. 27. No. 159. March 1914. The whole issue issue offered (=no. 159): pp. 397-540 and 2 plates.Rutherford's paper.pp. 488-498. - Darwin's paper: pp. 499-506. - Bohr's paper: pp. 506-523. All clean and fine.
First edition and first printing of all three papers. Rutherford, in this paper for the first time identifies the hydrogen nucleus, and called it the 'positive electron'. He later called it 'the proton' . In his definitive paper of 1911 he estimated the radius of the nucleus, a hundred thousand times smaller than that of an atom. Darwin in his paper (offered here) gave a more precise measure.In the first lines of the paper Rutherford outlines the content ""The present paper and and the accompanying paper by Mr. C. Darwin (the second paper offered here) deal with certain points in connection with the ""nucleus"" theory of the atom which were purposely omitted in my first communication on that subject (Phil. Mag. May 1911). A brief account is given of the later investigations which have been made to test the theory and of the deductions which can be drawn from them. At the same time a brief statement is given of recent observations on the passage of alpha particles through hydrogen, which throw importent light on the dimensions of the nucleus."" - Rutherford had studies alpha-particles intensely in the years before 1914 and proved quite conclusively that the individual particle was a helium atom with its electrons removed. The alpha particles were like the positive rays that had been discovered by Goldstein (1886), and now in 1914 (the paper offered) Rutherford suggested that the simplest positive rays must be those obtained from the hydrogen and that these must be the fundamentall positively-charged particle. He names it a 'positive electron'.Darwin, in the paper offered ""concluded from the known data:""No force proportional to some power of the distance other than the inverse square can give the dependence (the Rutherford scattering cross section) on (the initial velocity)"", and he then calculated the distance of closest alpha-particle-nucleus approach.The paper by Niels Bohr relates to ""The Stark effect"". In 1913 appeared ""an importent new discovery: when atomic hydrogen is exposed to a static electrical field its spectral lines split, the amount of splitting being proportional to thefield strenght (the linear Stark effect). After Rutherford read this news in ""Nature"", he at once wrote to Bohr:'I think it is rather up to you at the present time to write something on....electric effects.'"" (A. Pais). Bohrs paper on The Stark effect appeared in 1914, the paper offered here. - Rosenfeld. Niels Bohr' publications No. 10).
"RUTHERFORD, ERNEST. - THE NATURE OF X-RAYS FINALLY SETTLED.
Reference : 41565
(1914)
The Wave-lenght of the soft gamma Rays from Radium B (In collaboration with E.N. da C. Andrade).
London, 1914. Without wrappers, but stitched. In ""Philosophical Magazine and Journalof Science"", Vol. 27, No. 161. May 1914. Pp. 757-916 a. 6 plates.(= the whole issue No 161). Rutherford's paper: pp. 854-860 a. 1 plate.
First edition, finally establishing the nature of Röntgen's X-Rays.In 1900 ""Villardhad discovered gamma gamma-rays. He noted at once that these rays are not deflected by magnetic fields. Two years later Rutherford suggested that gamma-rays might be very hard form of beta-rays. This view became less and less tenable...(and) slowly the evidence grew that gamma-rays and X-rays were akin, but a lately as 1912 Rutherford still wrote with a touch of caution: ""There is at present nodefinite evidence to belive that X-rays and gamma-rays are funamentally different kindsof radiation"". he matter was finally settled fourteent years after the first observatiob of gamma-radioactivity, when Rutherford and Andrade observed reflexion of gamma-rays from crystal force (in the paper offered here)."" (Pais. Inward Bound p. 62.).The issue contains further importent papers in first editions. W.H. BRAGG. The Intensity of Reflexion of X Rays by Crystals. Pp. 881-99. This is an account of his famous work on X-ray spectroscopy.E. MARSDEN: The Passage of alpha Particles through Hydrogen. Pp. 824-830. Here he discovered that when alpha-particles were projected into hydrogen, so that the heavy projectiles struck lighter atoms, a few of the hydrogen atoms were driven forward far beyond the range of the alpha particles.J.J.THOMSON: The Forces between Atoms and Chemical Affinity. Pp. 757-789.
Radio-Activity. - [""THE FIRST TEXTBOOK ON RADIOACTIVITY""]
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1904. 8vo. In the original green full coth with gilt lettering to spine and boards. Capitals with slight wear, and inner front hinge a bit weak, otherwise a very nice and fresh copy. Small stamp to title-page. VIII, (2), 399 pp.
![Radio-Activity. - [""THE FIRST TEXTBOOK ON RADIOACTIVITY""]. "RUTHERFORD, ERNEST](https://static.livre-rare-book.com/pictures/LLX/51063_1_thumb.jpg)
First edition of Rutherford's important work containing his ""proposal of a new theory of atomic disintegration and of the nuclear nature of the atom"", (Horblit 91) being ""the first textbook on the subject and recognized as a classic at its publication in 1904"" (DSB).""The first textbook on radioactivity, surveying contemporary knowledge of the entire field. Reasearch progressed so rapidly in this erea that the second edition, published only a year later, had to be enlarged by fifity percent. The book includes a discussion of Rutherford's revolutionary transformation theory, developed during the period 1902-1903, which states that radioactivity is a by-product of the transmutation of one element into another."" (Norman).""After the discovery of thorium emanations in 1900 new concepts of atomic structure followed from the brilliant experiments of Rutherford. A new theory of atomic disintegration was proposed, then the nuclear nature of the atom. ""(Dibner ""Heralds of Science"", No 51) Horblit 91Barchas 1840.Dibner 51.
Scattering of alpha Particles by Gases (In collaboration with J.M. Nuttall). (+) The Analysis of the beta Rays from Radium B and Radium C. (In collaboration with H. Robinson). 2 Papers.
London, 1913. Without wrappers, but stitched. In ""Philosophical Magazine and Journalof Science"", Vol. 26, No. 154. Oct. 1913. Pp. 549-800 and 2 plates (the whole issue No. 154). Rutherford's papers: pp. 702-712 a. pp. 717-729 and 1 folded plate.
Both papers first editions. Basic works on the spectra of alfa and beta particles constituting an experimental proof of Rutherford's atomic nucleus theory.In this issue is also found importent papers by J.J. Thomson: On the Structure of the atom.. Pp. 792-799 and Rayleigh: On the Motion of a Viscous Fluid. Pp. 776-86.
Über die Kernstruktur der Atome. Baker-Vorlesung. (Erschienen in den Proceedings of the Royal Society, A., 97). Autorisierte Übersetzung von Else Norst.
Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1921. Cont. hcalf. Titlelabel gilt on back. Small stamp on title. (4),35 pp.
First German edition and the first edition in book-form, as this Bakerian lecture was published in the Proceedings 1920. In this work Rutherford not only considered the neutron as a possibility, but he furthermore predicted its likely properties (""the idea of the possible existence of an atom of mass one, which has a zero nuclear charge"").
Collision of alpha Particles with Light Atoms. I: Hydrogen II: Velocity of the Hydrogen Atom III: Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms IV: An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen. [Complete set]. - [PMM 411 - SPLITTING THE ATOM]
London, Francis and Taylor, 1919. 8to. (210x130mm). Pages 537-87 of volume 37 of 'The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, and Journal of Science'. Bound together (with title page and contents) in recent attractive marbled boards (Hanne Jensen). Leather title with gilt lettering on front board. A fine and clean copy.
First printing of the first announcement of artificial transmutation and the discovery of the proton. By bombarding Nitrogen atoms with alpha particles Rutherford produced Hydrogen nucleus and Oxygen 17 - the first man made nuclear reaction. PMM 411, Norman 1873.
Radio-Activity.
Cambridge University Press, 1904. Fine hcalf, raised bands, gilt lettering. Probably with renewed spine. On both covers a large gilt crowned coat of arms. Corners professionally repaired. (2),VIII,(2),399,(1) pp. Textfigs. and 1 plate facing p. 169. Halftitle and a few leaves with small brownspots in upper margin, otherwise a fine clean copy.
First edition. This work marks a new epoch in the understanding of the nature of nuclear physics. ""After the discovery of thorium in 1900 new concepts of atomic structure followed from the brilliant experiments of Rutherford. A new theory of atomic disentegration was proposed, then the nuclear nature of the atom. He discovered and named alpha and beta rays emitted from radioactive salts and predicted that disintegration of some radioactive elements would generate helium. he also produced in the laboratory the first artificial transmutation of one element into another."" (Dibner, Heralds of Science No. 51). - Horblit No 91.
Birks (J.B.) on Ernest Rutherford - 1. Sir Ernest Marsden - Sir Charles Darwin - E.N. da C. Andrade - Niels Bohr - Arthur Schuster - H.R. Robinson - A.S. Russell - P.M.S. Blackett - T. Royds - H. Geiger - H.G.J. Mosley - A.A. Robb
Reference : 100678
(1962)
Rutherford at Manchester , (The nature of the alpha particle from radioactive substances, 1909 - On a diffuse reflection of the alpha particles, 1909 - The scattering of alpha and beta particles by matter and the structure of the atom, 1911 - The laws of deflexion of alpha particles through large angles, 1913 - On the constitution of atoms and molecules, 1913 - The high frequency spectra of the elements - On the quantum theory of radiation and the structure of the atom, 1915 - Collision of alpha particles with light atoms, IV, an anomalous effect of nitrogen, 1919 - Papers published from the Physical Laboratories, University of Manchester, 1907-1919)
Heywood and Company, Ltd, London Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1962 Book condition, Etat : Bon hardcover, editor's binding, under editor's printed blue dust-jacket, illustrated by a black and white photograph, Geiger and Rutherford In-8 1 vol. - 374 pages
1 portrait of Rutherford in frontispiece and 6 other plates with black and white photographs (complete) 1st edition, 1962 Contents, Chapitres : Contents, List of plates, Preface, Publisher's note, x, Text, 364 pages - 1. Sir Ernest Marsden : Rutherford at Manchester - Sir Charles Darwin : Moseley and the atomic numbers of the elements - E.N. da C. Andrade : Rutherford at Manchester, 1913-1914 - Niels Bohr : The general significance of the discovery of the atomic nucleus - Arthur Schuster : Correspondence between Ernest Rutherford and Sir Arthur Schuster - H.R. Robinson : Life and work of the year 1919, with personal reminiscences of the Manchester period - A.S. Russell : Lord Rutherford, Manchester,1907-1919, a partial portrait - P.M.S. Blackett : Memories of Rutherford - Niels Bohr : Reminiscences of the founder of the nuclear science and some developments based on his work - 2. REPRINTS of original papers : E. Rutherford and T. Royds : The nature of the alpha particle from radioactive substances, 1909 - H. Geiger and E. Marsden : On a diffuse reflection of the alpha particles, 1909 - E. Rutherford : The scattering of alpha and beta particles by matter and the structure of the atom, 1911 - H. Geiger and E. Marsden : The laws of deflexion of alpha particles through large angles, 1913 - Niels Bohr : On the constitution of atoms and molecules, 1913 - H.G.J. Mosley : The high frequency spectra of the elements, I, 1913 and II, 1914 - Niels Bohr : On the quantum theory of radiation and the structure of the atom, 1915 - Sir E. Rutherford : Collision of alpha particles with light atoms, IV, an anomalous effect of nitrogen, 1919 - The publications of the late Lord Rutherford - Papers published from the Physical Laboratories, University of Manchester, 1907-1919 - Postscript : A.A. Robb : A alpha ray - En 1907, Ernest Rutherford obtient un poste de professeur à l'Université de Manchester, où il travaille avec Hans Geiger, avec qui il invente un compteur permettant de détecter les particules alpha émises par les substances radioactives (ébauche du futur compteur Geiger), car en ionisant le gaz qui se trouve dans l'appareil, elles produisent une décharge détectable. En 1908, avec un de ses étudiants, Thomas Royds, il prouve définitivement ce qu'on supposait, à savoir que les particules alpha sont bien des noyaux d'hélium. Ou plutôt, que les particules alpha sont des atomes d'hélium une fois débarrassés de leurs charges négatives. Pour le prouver, il isole la substance radioactive dans un matériau suffisamment mince pour que les particules alpha le traversent effectivement, mais pour que cela bloque toute « émanation » des éléments radioactifs, c'est-à-dire tout produit de la désintégration. Il recueille ensuite le gaz qui se trouve autour de la boîte qui contient les échantillons et analyse son spectre. Il y trouve alors une grande quantité d'hélium : les noyaux que sont les particules alpha ont récupéré des électrons disponibles. Il obtient la même année le prix Nobel de chimie « pour ses recherches touchant la désintégration des éléments [chimiques], et la chimie des substances radioactives2 ». Il en conserve cependant une certaine déception, car il se considère avant tout comme un physicien. Une de ses citations célèbres est : « La science, soit c'est de la physique, soit c'est de la philatélie », voulant sans doute signifier par là qu'il plaçait la physique au-dessus des autres sciences. C'est en 1911 qu'il fait sa plus grande contribution à la science en découvrant le noyau atomique. Il avait observé à Montréal qu'en bombardant une fine feuille de mica avec des particules alpha, on obtenait une déflexion de ces particules. Geiger et Marsden, refaisant de façon plus poussée ces expériences en utilisant une feuille d'or, avaient constaté que certaines particules alpha étaient déviées de plus de 90 degrés. Rutherford émet alors l'hypothèse qu'au centre de l'atome devait se trouver un « noyau » contenant presque toute la masse et toute la charge positive de l'atome, les électrons déterminant en fait la taille de l'atome. Geiger et Marsden vérifièrent par la suite ces conclusions par l'expérience. - Ce modèle planétaire avait été suggéré en 1904 par un Japonais, Hantaro Nagaoka, mais était passé inaperçu on y objectait que les électrons auraient dû rayonner en tournant autour du noyau central et donc y tomber. Les résultats de Rutherford montrèrent que ce modèle était sans doute le bon, puisqu'il permettait de prévoir avec exactitude le taux de diffusion des particules alpha en fonction de l'angle de diffusion et de la taille de l'atome. Les dernières objections théoriques sur le rayonnement de l'électron tombèrent avec le début de la théorie quantique et l'adaptation par Niels Bohr du modèle de Rutherford à la théorie de Planck, démontrant ainsi la stabilité de l'atome de Rutherford. (source : Wikipedia) very good condition, the dust-jacket is nearly complete, with a very small missing on the top of the bottom part, the top of the spine-end of the front part is lightly torn, few folding tracks on the boarder, no markings on the D.-J. but a light discoloration on the bottom of the spine, inside is clean, few library stamps, else inside is fine, no other markings, complete of all the plates
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST) and T. ROYDS. - THE FINAL PROOF OF THE NATURE OF ALPHA-PARTICLES.
Reference : 46953
(1909)
The Nature of the alpha Particle.
Manchester, 1909. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Orig. printed paper label on spine (a bit chipped). In: ""Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Phlosophical Society. (Manchester Memoirs.). Volume LIII. (1908-09). Entire volume offered. The volume contains 24 papers, all with seperate pagination. Rutherford's paper: pp. 1-3.
First printing of the paper which Rutherford and Royds gave the final proof that the alpha particle are atoms of helium. The present paper was read on November 3rd 1908 and published on the 19th. It was reprinted in Philosophical Magazine and that paper is dated November 13, 1908 and published February 1909.""After nearly a decade of labor, Rutherford was finally prepared to state... what the alpha particle really was ""We may conclude that an alpha-particle is a helium atom, or, to be more precise, the alpha-particle, after it has lost its positive charge, is a helium atom"". In a paper together with Royds, completed in November 1908, he was even more emphatic: ""We can conclude with certainty... that the alpha-particle is a helium atom... They had shown that a discharge sent through a volume in which alpha-particles from radium had been collected produced the characteristic helium spectrum !""(Pais ""Inward Bound"", p. 61).""Rutherford’s early conviction that the alpha particle was a doubly charged helium atom, but he had not succeeded in proving that belief. In 1908 he and Geiger were able to fire alpha particles into an evacuated tube containing a central, charged wire and to record single events. Ionization by collision, a process studied by Rutherford’s former colleague at Cambridge, J. S. E. Townsend, caused a magnification of the single particle’s charge sufficient to give the electrometer a measurable ""kick."" By this means they were able to count, for the first time accurately and directly, the number of alpha particles emitted per second from a gram of radium.This experiment enabled Rutherford and Geiger to confirm that every alpha particle causes a faint but discrete flash when it strikes a luminescent zinc sulfide screen, and thus led directly to the widespread method of scintillation counting. It was also the origin of the electrical and electronic methods of particle counting in which Geiger later pioneered. But at this time the scintillation technique, now proved reliable, was more convenient. This counting work also led Rutherford and Geiger to the most accurate value of the fundamental electric charge e before Millikan performed his oil-drop experiment. They measured the total charge from a radium source and divided it by the number of alphas counted to obtain the charge per particle. Since this figure was about twice the previous values of e. they concluded that the alpha was indeed helium with a double charge. But Rutherford still desired decisive, direct proof"" and here his skilled glassblower came to his aid. Otto Baumbach in 1908 was able to construct glass tubes thin enough to be transparent to the rapidly moving alpha particles yet capable of containing a gas. Such a tube was filled with emanation and was placed within a larger tube made of thicker glass. In time, alpha particles from the decaying emanation penetrated into and were trapped in the space between inner and outer tubes: and when ROYDS SPARKED THE MATERIAL IN THIS SPACE, THEY SAW THE SPECTRUM OF HELIUM."" (DSB).The volume contains 2 other importent papers by Rutherford 1. ""Some Properties of the Radium Emanations"" (issued Nov. 19th, 1908) and 2. together withY. Tuomikoski ""Differences in the Decay of the Radium Emanations"" (issued April 7th, 1909).
The Scattering of alpha and beta Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom. - [THE DISCOVERY OF THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS - THE RUTHERFORD ATOMIC MODEL.]
(London, Taylor and Francis, 1911). 8vo . In recent half cloth with cloth title-label with gilt lettering to front board. Extracted from ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"" Sixth Series, Vol. XXI. A fine and clean copy. [Rutherford's paper:] pp. 669-688. [Withbound:] Pp. 585-696.
First appearance of one of the most influential papers in physics in the 20th Century, describing the discovery of the ATOMIC NUCLEUS, and suggesting that the atom consists of a small central nucleus surrounded by electrons. This view of the atom is the one accepted today, and it replaced the concept of the featureless, indivisible spheres of Democritus, which dominated atomistic thinking for twenty-three centuries. Rutherford's 'nuclear atom' was a few years later by Niels Bohr, combined with the quantum theory of light to form the basis of his famous theory of the hydrogen atom.Hans Geiger (Rutherford's assistant in his work on alpha particles) tells ""One day (Rutherford) came into my room, obviously in the best of moods, and told me that now he knew what the atom looked like and what the strong scatterings signified."" - On 7 March 1911, Rutherford presented his principal results to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. The definitive paper came out in the May issue of ""Philosophical Magazine"" (the paper offered here).""After the first five or sic years of intense activity following the discovery of radioactivity, there was a brief lull untill 1911, when a new series of fundamental discoveries was made. These began with the discoveries of the nucleus and of artificial atomic transmutations by Rutherford. By 1811 it was known that electrons entered into the constitution of atoms, and Barkla had shown that each atom has approximately A/2 electrons (where A is the atomis weight). J.J.Thomson had conceived of a model of an atom according to which the electrons were distributed inside a positively charged sphere. To verify this hypothesis, Rutherford had the idea of bombarding matter using alpha-radiation of radioactive bodies and measuring the angles through which the rays were deflected as they passsed through matter. For the Thomson model of the atom the deflections should rarely be more than 1 or 2 degrees.However, Rutherford's experiments showed that deflections of more than 90 degrees could occur, particularly with heavy nuclei.""(Taton (Edt.) Science in the Twentieth Century, p. 210).
Cavendish Laboratory - T.C. Fitzpatrick - Arthur Schuster on Clerk Maxwell - R.T. Glazebrook on Rayleigh - Sir Joseph John Thomson - H.F. Newall - Ernest Rutherford - C.T.R. Wilson - N.R. Campbell - L. R. Wilberforce
Reference : 100740
(1910)
A History of the Cavendish Laboratory 1871-1900 , (The building of the laboratory - The Clerk Maxwell period - The Rayleigh period - Survey of the last 20 years - The development of the teaching of physics - List of memoirs containing accounts of research performed in the Cavendish Laboratory - List of thoses who have worked in the Laboratory)
Longmans, Green and Co, London Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1910 Book condition, Etat : Bon hardcover, editor's binding, full green clothes, no dust-jacket grand In-8 1 vol. - 353 pages
1 plate in frontispiece, 3 collotype plates (portraits of James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Rayleigh and Joseph John Thomson) and 7 other plates of the laboratory (complete of the 11 plates) 1st edition, 1910 Contents, Chapitres : Preface, Contents, List of Illustrations, xi, Text, 342 pages, catalogue Longmans, ii - T.C. Fitzpatrick : The building of the laboratory - Arthur Schuster : The Clerk Maxwell period - R.T. Glazebrook : The Rayleigh period - Sir Joseph John Thomson : Survey of the last 20 years - H.F. Newall : 1885-1894 - Ernest Rutherford : 1895-1898 - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson : 1899-1902 - N.R. Campbell : 1903-1909 - L. R. Wilberforce : The development of the teaching of physics - List of memoirs containing accounts of research performed in the Cavendish Laboratory - List of thoses who have worked in the Laboratory - Index - Le laboratoire Cavendish (Cavendish Laboratory) est le département de physique de l'université de Cambridge. Il fait partie de l'école de sciences physiques. Il a ouvert en 1874 comme l'un des premiers laboratoires d'enseignement en Angleterre. Son nom honore Henry Cavendish, fameux physicien anglais de la fin du xviiie siècle. - The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences. The laboratory was opened in 1874 on the New Museums Site as a laboratory for experimental physics and is named after the British chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish. The laboratory has had a huge influence on research in the disciplines of physics and biology. As of 2019, 30 Cavendish researchers have won Nobel Prizes. Notable discoveries to have occurred at the Cavendish Laboratory include the discovery of the electron, neutron, and structure of DNA. - Professor James Clerk Maxwell, the developer of electromagnetic theory, was a founder of the laboratory and the first Cavendish Professor of Physics. The Duke of Devonshire had given to Maxwell, as head of the laboratory, the manuscripts of Henry Cavendish's unpublished Electrical Works. The editing and publishing of these was Maxwell's main scientific work while he was at the laboratory. Cavendish's work aroused Maxwell's intense admiration and he decided to call the Laboratory (formerly known as the Devonshire Laboratory) the Cavendish Laboratory and thus to commemorate both the Duke and Henry Cavendish. Several important early physics discoveries were made here, including the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson (1897) the Townsend discharge by John Sealy Townsend, and the development of the cloud chamber by C.T.R. Wilson. Ernest Rutherford became Director of the Cavendish Laboratory in 1919. near fine copy, the binding is rather fine, without dust-jacket, supposingly as issued, the binding is nice and unmarked, a very small spot on the bottom part, the title on the spine is mainly erased, inside is fine, no markings, paper is fine, name of the former owner on the first page, complete of the 11 plates, with 3 wonderful portraits of Clerk Maxwell, Rayleigh and Thomson, 2 studies were written by J.J. Thomson (discovery of the electron, 1897) and Ernest Rutheford, both were nobelized after .Rutherford was in Manchester when he got the Nobel in 1911 but, under his leadership the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - THE ALCHEMIST'S DREAM FULFILLED, THE CHANGE OF ONE ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER.
Reference : 46915
(1919)
Collision of alpha Particles with Light Atoms. (4 Parts). I. Hydrogen. II. Velocity of the Hydrogen Atom. III. Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms. IV. An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen. - [SPLITTING THE ATOM PMM 411.]
London, Taylor and Francis, 1919. Recent full cloth. Titlelabel in leather on spine with gilt lettering. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"" Sixth Series, Vol. XXXVII. Pp. VIII,616 pp. a. 6 plates. A stamp to top of p. 537. Rutherford's paper: pp. 537-587.
First appearance of this seminal paper which contains Rutherford's discovery of artificial transmutation. He here discovered, that the atomic nucleus (discovered by him in 1911) itself had a structure, when, by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, he produced THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER, and what was left after the bombardment had to be those of oxygen atoms. - Thus thus began the age of nuclear physics.""Rutherford was .. the first man ever to change one element into another as a result of the manipulations of his own hands. He had achieved the dream of the alchemists. He had also demonstrated the first man-made ""nuclear reaction"". By 1924 Rutherford had managed to knock protons out of the nuclei of most of the lighter elements."" (Asimov).""A few years before, Marsden had noticed scintillations on a screen placed far beyond the range of alpha particles when these particles were allowed to bombard hydrogen. Rutherford repeated the experiment and showed that the scintillations were caused by hydrogen nuclei or protons. This was easily understood, but when he substituted nitrogen for the hydrogen, he saw the same proton flashes. The explanation he gave in 1919 stands beside the transformation theory of radioactivity and the nuclear atom as one of Rutherford’s most important discoveries. This, he said, was a case of artificial disintegration of an element. Unstable, or radioactive, atoms disintegrated spontaneously"" but here a stable nucleus was disrupted by the alpha particle, and a proton was one of the pieces broken off."" (DSB).PMM: 411.
Collision of alpha Particles with Light Atoms. (4 Parts). I. Hydrogen. II. Velocity of the Hydrogen Atom. III. Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms. IV. An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen. - [SPLITTING THE ATOM - PMM 411]
[London, Taylor and Francis, 1919] 8vo . In recent half cloth with cloth title-label with gilt lettering to front board. Extracted from ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"" Sixth Series. A fine and clean copy. [Rutherford's paper:] pp. 537-587. [Withbound:] Pp. 537-616.
First appearance of this seminal paper which contains Rutherford's discovery of artificial transmutation. He here discovered, that the atomic nucleus (discovered by him in 1911) itself had a structure, when, by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, he produced THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER, and what was left after the bombardment had to be those of oxygen atoms. - Thus thus began the age of nuclear physics.""Rutherford was .. the first man ever to change one element into another as a result of the manipulations of his own hands. He had achieved the dream of the alchemists. He had also demonstrated the first man-made ""nuclear reaction"". By 1924 Rutherford had managed to knock protons out of the nuclei of most of the lighter elements."" (Asimov).""A few years before, Marsden had noticed scintillations on a screen placed far beyond the range of alpha particles when these particles were allowed to bombard hydrogen. Rutherford repeated the experiment and showed that the scintillations were caused by hydrogen nuclei or protons. This was easily understood, but when he substituted nitrogen for the hydrogen, he saw the same proton flashes. The explanation he gave in 1919 stands beside the transformation theory of radioactivity and the nuclear atom as one of Rutherford’s most important discoveries. This, he said, was a case of artificial disintegration of an element. Unstable, or radioactive, atoms disintegrated spontaneously"" but here a stable nucleus was disrupted by the alpha particle, and a proton was one of the pieces broken off."" (DSB).PMM 411.
Badash (Lawrence) on Ernest Rutherford and Bertram Borden Boltwood
Reference : 100608
(1969)
Rutherford and Boltwood - Letters on Radioactivity Edited by Lawrence Badash
Yale University Press Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1969 Book condition, Etat : Bon hardcover, editor's binding, full red printed clothes, no dust-jacket grand In-8 1 vol. - 400 pages
portraits of Rutherford and Boltwood in frontispiece 1st edition, 1969 Contents, Chapitres : Foreword by Otto Hahn (July 1967), Preface, Contents, Notes on style, Contractions and abbreviations, xxii, Text, 378 pages - Introduction, 23 pages - The Correspondence - Appendix : The radioactive decay series - Index - Bertram Borden Boltwood, né le 27 juillet 1870 à Amherst (Massachusetts) et mort le 15 août 1927 à Hancock Point (Maine), est un radiochimiste américain. Il a établi que le plomb était l'élément final de la famille radioactive de l'uranium (celle de l'uranium 235). Il remarqua aussi, sur une idée d'Ernest Rutherford, que le ratio plomb/uranium était plus important dans des roches plus anciennes, et en inféra en 1907 une méthode géologique de datation des roches. no dust-jacket, else near fine copy, the editor's binding is near fine, inside is fine, no markings
Die Radioaktivität. Unter Mitwirkung des Verfassers ergänzte autorisierte deutsche Ausgabe von E. Aschkinass.
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1907. Royal8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. A small nick to lower left part of frontwrapper. Stamps to titlepage. (10),597 pp., textillustrations. Internally clean. From the library of the Danish logician and philosopher Jørgen Jørgensen, with his name on top of frontwrapper.
First German edition of this importent work which is recognized as a classic, being the first textbook on Radio-Activity. To this German edition, translated from the second English of 1905, Rutherford himself has added further descriptions of the results obtained in the years in between.Rutherford made ""Proposal of a new theory of atomic disintegration and of the nuclear nature of the atom. Rutherford discovered and named the alpha, beta, and gamma rays.""( Horblitt, ""One Hundred Books famous in Science"" No 91 (Engl. ed.).""After the discovery of thorium emanations in 1900 new concepts of atomic structure followed from the brilliant experiments of Rutherford. A new theory of atomic disintegration was proposed, then the nuclear nature of the atom..... ""(Dibner ""Heralds of Science"", No 51 (Engl. ed.).
The Cause and Nature of Radioactivity I (+) The Cause and Nature of Radioactivity II. - [THEORY OF RADIOACTIVITY]
London, Taylor and Francis, 1902. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with marbled boards and gilt lettering to spine. Two title labels in red and black with gilt lettering to spine and five rasied bands with gilt ornamentation. In ""Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Sixth Series, Vol. 4, 1902. Front hinge cracked, frontboard almost detached.L Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper and library stamp to verso of title page. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 370-96"" Pp. 569-585. [Entire volume: (8), 732 pp. + 6 plates.
First printing of Rutherford and Soddy's seminal paper on the nature of radioactivity, ""the revolutionary theory that radio-activity is a by-product of the transmutation of one form of matter into another."" (PMM 411). The theory ""provided the break with the past that was clearly needed [...] In this great theory of radioactivity which these young men sprung on the learned, timid, rather unbelieving, and, as yet, unquantized world of physics of 1902 and 1903, they unabashedly but forward the idea that some atomic species are subject to spontaneous transmutation."" (PAIS, Inward Bound).They both were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work within radioactivity. Rutherford and Soddy introduced the expression ""atomic energy"" in this paper, ""not just for the energy released by a radioactive element, but much more generally for the energy locked in any atom"" (Brown et al., Twentieth Century Physics, I, p. 63).""By this time Rutherford had recognized the need for skilled chemical assistance in his radioactivity investigations and had secured the services of a young chemistry demonstrator at McGill, Frederick Soddy. Together they removed most of the activity from a thorium compound, calling the active matter thorium X"" but they too found that the X product lost its activity and that the thorium recovered its original level in a few weeks. Had Becquerel's similar finding for uranium not been immediately at hand, they might have searched for errors in their work. In early 1902, however, they began to plot the activities as a function of time, seeing evidence of a fundamental relationship in the equality of the time for thorium X to decay to half value and thorium to double in activity.This work led directly to Rutherford's greatest achievement at McGill, for with Soddy he advanced the still-accepted explanation of radioactivity. Their iconoclastic theory, variously called transformation, transmutation, and disintegration, first appeared in 1902 and was refined in the following year. Although alchemy had long been exorcised from scientific chemistry, they declared that ""radioactivity is at once an atomic phenomenon and the accompaniment of a chemical change in which new kinds of matter are produced."" The radioactive atoms decay, they argued, each decay signifying the transmutation of a parent into a daughter element, and each type of atom undergoing its transformation in a characteristic period. This insight set the course for their next several years of research, for the task was then to order all the known radioelements into decay series and to search for additional members of these families."" (DSB)The volume contains several other important papers by contemporary phycicians.
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - PREDICTIING A NEW CONSTITUENT OF THE NUCLEUS, THE NEUTRON.
Reference : 47243
(1920)
Nuclear Constitution of Atoms. (Bakerian Lecture).
London, The Royal Society, 1920. Royal8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A small faint stamp on verso of titlepage and a few other leaves (in lower margins).In: ""Proceeding of the Royal Society of London"", Series A, Vol. 97. XVIII,470,XXI pp., textillustr. a. 2 plates. Rutherford's paper: pp. 374-400. Clean and fine.
First apperance of this famous lecture in which Rutherford predicted the existence of a new constituent of the atomic nucleus and its likely properties. In the lecture Rutherford suggested that ""it may be possible for an electron to combine much more closely with the H-nucleus (than is the case in the ordinary hydrogen atom)... It is the ontentionof the writer to test (this idea)... The existence of such atoms seems almost necessary to explain the building up of heavy elements.""Rutherford's collegue Chadwick made several attempts to detect the neutral particle but none was successful until he learned of experiments by the Joliot-Curies in Paris, in which, they said, extremely penetrating gamma rays were emitted. As he suspected, Chadwick found the rays were not gammas but neutrons: and not long afterward Norman Feather, also at the Cavendish, showed that neutrons were capable of causing nuclear disintegrations. Chadwick gave proof of its existence in 1932.
"RUTHERFORD, E. (ERNEST). - THE SATURNIAN MODEL OF THE ATOM.
Reference : 45087
(1904)
Zur Kenntnis der Atomenergie, eine Beziehung zwischen kinetischer Theorie und Radioaktivität.
(Leipzig, S. Hirzel), 1904. Without wrappers. In: ""Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik"", 1. Bd., heft 2. Pp. 103-214 (entire issue offered). Rutherford's paper: pp. 103-127
First appearance of the paper in which Rutherford set forth his early - before 1911-model - model of the atom, the so-calles Saturnian Model. Rutherford pictured here the radioactive atom as a giant whirligig of electrons and alpha-particles, whose stability is somewhat disturbed, perhaps as a result uncompensated radiation losses, precipitating the expulsion of some of its constituents with the tremendous speeds they possessed befiore the explosion.
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences -Thimothy Lenoir - S.S Schweber - Daniel Siegel - M. Norton Wise and Crosbie Smith on Lord Kelvin - Robert W. Seidel on Ernest Rutherford
Reference : 100904
(1986)
Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences - Volume 17, Part 1 (1986) , (Models and instruments in the development of electrophysiology, 1845-1912 - The empiricist temper regnant : Theoretical physics in the United States 1920-1950 - The origin of the displacement current - Measurement, work and industry in Lord Kelvin's Britain - Nuclear physics under Rutherford at Cambridge)
University of California Press, History of Science and Technology , Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1986 Book condition, Etat : Bon paperback, editor's white wrappers, title in blue grand In-8 1 vol. - 190 pages
few black and white illustrations and text-figures 1st edition, 1986 "Contents, Chapitres : Thimothy Lenoir : Models and instruments in the development of electrophysiology, 1845-1912 - S.S Schweber : The empiricist temper regnant : theoretical physics in the United States 1920-1950 - Daniel Siegel : The origin of the displacement current - M. Norton Wise and Crosbie Smith : Measurement, work and industry in Lord Kelvin's Britain; reviews and bibliographic essays - Robert W. Seidel : Nuclear physics under Rutherford at Cambridge" plastified wrappers, transparent, else near fine, no markings - pages 1 to 190
