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18th (1)
19th (3)
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Ocean (1)
Physics (3)
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"RUMFORD, BENJAMIN COUNT (BENJAMIN THOMPSON). - THE MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT.
Reference : 45131
(1804)
An Enquiry concerning the Nature of Heat, and the Mode of its Communication. Read february 2, 1804.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1804). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1804 - Part I. Pp. 77-182 and 2 engraved plates (showing his experimental apparatus). First and last leaves with some faint browning and brownspots. The plates with some browspots, mainly to margins. Wide-margined.
First appearance of Rumford's second large paper on the mechanical equivalent of heat, in which he owerthrows the caloric theory. Rumford's early papers were importent steps towards the conception of the principle of the ""Conservation of Energy"" and the thermodynamical laws.""The importence of this investigation here entered into, - inasmuch as it applies to most of the operations of nature as well as art, - appears so manifest, that we shall not recapitulate what the author advances on the subject. before he proceeds to the details of his experiments for the purpose oof computing the emissions of heat from various bodies under a variety of circumstances, he finds it necessary to prmise a minute description of the principal part of the apparatus he contrived for the purpose...""(Abstract).In his famous paper of 1798 ""An Inquiry Concerning the Source of Heat Which is Exicited by Friction"" showed that heat is a form of motion and not a substance as it was seen in the 18th century.""He had been lead to the hypothesis that friction is an inexhaustable source of heat while considering the boring of a canon at Munich's military arsenal and had proceeded to experiment with brass guns at the arsenal. The experiments confirm the hypothesis, justifying his conclusion that heat is not a material substance as others had believed. He goeson to equate heat to motion.""(Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs"" 1798 P.)
An Account of a curious Phenomenon observed on the Glaciers of Chamouny" together with some occasional Observations concerning the Propagation of Heat in Fluids. Read December 15, 1803.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1804). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1804 - Part I. Pp. 23-29.
First printing of the paper in which Rumford describes the observations performed on an excursion together with Pictet to the Glaciers of Chamouny where they observed the Sea of Ice (Mer de Glace). Here, and before making ‘direct experiments’ Rumford observed the melting ice and commented: ""I have ascribed the melting of the ice below the surface of the ice-cold water to currents of water slightly warmer, and consequently slightly heavier, which descend from the surface to the bottom of the ice-cold water"".
An Account of a curious Phenomenon observed on the Glaciers of Chamouny" together with some occasional Observations concerning the Propagation of Heat in Fluids. Read December 15, 1803.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1804). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1804 - Part I. Pp. 23-29.
First printing of the paper in which Rumford describes the observations performed on an excursion together with Pictet to the Glaciers of Chamouny where they observed the Sea of Ice (Mer de Glace). Here, and before making ‘direct experiments’ Rumford observed the melting ice and commented: ""I have ascribed the melting of the ice below the surface of the ice-cold water to currents of water slightly warmer, and consequently slightly heavier, which descend from the surface to the bottom of the ice-cold water"".
RUMFORD, BENJAMIN COUNT (BENJAMIN THOMPSON). - DISCOVERING THE PRINCIPLES OF OCEAN CIRCULATION.
Reference : 50776
(1797)
Mémoire sur la maniere dont la CHALEUR se propage dans les FLUIDES sur une loi remarquable qui s'observe dans la condensation de l'eau par le froid, lorque ce liquide approche du terme de la congélation" & sur les effets surprenans qui sont pro...
A Geneve, Biblioth. Britannique, 1797. 8vo. Contemp. marbled boards. Paperlabel with handwritten volume- title on spine. Boards rubbed. In: ""Bibliotheque Britannique"", Tome cinquieme. Sciences et Arts. A name cut from titlepage, no loss of letters. Entire volume offered. 392 pp., 4 folded tables a. 3 folded engraved plates. A faint dampstain to foot of titlepage, otherwise clean, printed on good paper. Rumford's paper: pp. 97-200 a. 1 engraved folded plate.
First printing of the founding paper on Oceanography, describing the experiments leading to the discovery of the convection currents in the sea. Cold water at depth in the tropics implies a meriodinal circulation transporting deep water from the polar regions towards the equator. Water cooled at the surface in high latitudes gets denser and hence descends. (Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1797).The volume also contains the first translation of any part (into French) of JAMES HUTTON ""Theory of the Earth, &c. Théorie de la Terre, avec des preuves & des éclaircissemens"" en guatre parties. (1.-2. Extrait)."". Pp. 53-73 a. pp. 262-273.
