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"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK. - THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM - A MAIN PAPER IN 19TH CENTURY PHYSICS.
Reference : 43456
(1867)
""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - Read May 31, 1866.
London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"", Vol. 157 - Part I. Titlepage to volume 155 and pp. 49-88. Titlepage with minor light browning at corners. Internally clean. A small stamp on verso of titlepage.
First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from ""Transactions""), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final ""Theory of Gases"" and introduces the ""Maxwell Distribution"" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.
""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - Read May 31, 1866. - [THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM - A MAIN PAPER IN 19TH CENTURY PHYSICS.]
London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. Title-page of vol. 157 pasted on to front wrapper. A fine copy. Pp. 49-88.
First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from ""Transactions""), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final ""Theory of Gases"" and introduces the ""Maxwell Distribution"" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.
On the Theory of Compound Colours, and the Relations of the Colours of the Spectrum. - [MAXWELL ON THE RELATIONS OF COLOURS]
(London, Taylor and Francis, 1860). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. X [10], No. 39. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with a few brown spots, fine and clean. Pp. 404-408. [Entire issue: Pp. 319-494].
First printing of Maxwell's paper on a method of exhibiting the relations of colours.""Maxwell worked on the generation of white light by mixing different colors and in 1860, published the paper On the Theory of Compound Colours and its Relations to the Colours of the. In this paper, he extended the work of Thomas Young who first postulated only three colors, red, green and violet are necessary to produce any color including white and not all the colors of the spectrum are necessary as first illustrated by Newton. He also incorporated Hermann G?nther Grassman's concept that there are three variables of color vision (spectral color, intensity of illumination and the degree of saturation). Maxwell showed that these color variables can be represented on a color diagram based on three primary colors. While Newton distinguished his principal colors from the painters triad of primary colors (red, yellow and blue), he supposed the identity of mixing rule for lights and pigments. Even though Helmholtz explained that the mixture of color lights is an additive process while the mixture of pigments is a subtractive process as illustrated in Figure 2, Maxwell made experiments and developed a complete theory to explain how this happens by creating a color triangle which was originally suggested by James David Forbes and illustrated that any color can be generated with a mixture of any three primary colors and that a normal eye has three sorts of receptors as illustrated in his 1861 paper On the Theory of Three Primary Colours. He chose the three primary colors as red, green, and blue."" (Sarkar, Pp. 4-5). From 1855 to 1872, Maxwell published at intervals a series of valuable investigations concerning the perception of colour, colour-blindness and colour theory, for the earlier of which the Royal Society awarded him the Rumford Medal. The instruments which he devised for these investigations were simple and convenient to use. For example, Maxwell's discs were used to compare a variable mixture of three primary colours with a sample colour by observing the spinning ""colour top."".
On Faraday's Lines of Force. - [MAXWELL'S VERY FIRST PAPER ON ELECTROMAGNETISM]
London, Taylor and Francis, 1864. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 10. Fine and clean. Pp. (27)-83, (1) + the pasted on title-page.
First appearance of Maxwell's landmark - and his very first published on electromagnetism - paper in which he anticipates many of the fundamental ideas presented in his famous four-part paper ""On Physical Lines of Force"" (1861-2) in which he derived the equations of electromagnetism. The present paper ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.Maxwell began his researches on electromagnetism following the completion of his studies at Cambridge in 1854. They were aimed at constructing, at a theoretical level, a unified mathematical theory of electric and magnetic phenomena that would express the methods and ideas of Faraday as an alternative to the theory of Weber."" This programme was announced in his first article, 'On Faraday's lines of force', in 1856, and continued in two other major texts, 'On physical lines of force' in 1861-1862 and 'A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field' in 1865. According to a famous passage in its preface, the Treatise (1873) represented the outcome of this programme"" (Landmark Writings, p. 569). ""Maxwell's first paper, ""On Faraday's Line of Force"" (1855-1856), was divided into two parts, with supplementary) examples. Its origin may he traced in a long correspondence with Thomson, edited by Larmor in 1936. Part 1 was an exposition of the analogy between lines of force and streamlines in an incompressible fluid. It contained one notable extension to Thomson's treatment of the subject and also an illuminating opening discourse on the philosophical significance of analogies between different branches of physics. This was a theme to which Maxwell returned more than once. His biographers print in full an essay entitled ""Analogies in Nature,"" which he read a few months later (February 1856) to the famous Apostles Club at Cambridge" this puts the subject in a wider setting and deserves careful reading despite its involved and cryptic style. Here, as elsewhere, Maxwell's metaphysical speculation discloses the influence of Sir William Hamilton, specifically of Hamilton's Kantian view that all human knowledge is of relations rather than of things. The use Maxwell saw in the method of analogy was twofold. It crossfertilized technique between different fields, and it served as a golden mean between analytic abstraction and the method of hypothesis. The essence of analogy (in contrast with identity) being partial resemblance, its limits must be recognized as clearly as its existence" yet analogies may help in guarding against too facile commitment to a hypothesis. The analogy of an electric current to two phenomena as different as conduction of heat and the motion of a fluid should, Maxwell later observed, prevent physicists from hastily assuming that ""electricity is either a substance like water, or a state of agitation like heat. ""The analogy is geometrical: ""a similarity between relations, not a similarity between the things related."""" (DSB)The 1856 paper has been eclipsed by Maxwell's later work, but its originality and importance are greater than is usually thought. Besides interpreting Faraday's work and giving the electrotonic function, it contained the germ of a number of ideas which Maxwell was to revive or modify in 1868 and later an integral representation of the field equations (1868),the treatment of electrical action as analogous to the motion of an incompressible fluid (1869, 1873), the classification of vector functions into forces and fluxes (1870), and an interesting formal symmetry in the equations connecting A, B, E, and H, different from the symmetry commonly recognized in the completed field equations. The paper ended with solutions to a series of problems, including an application of the electrotonic function to calculate the action of a magnetic field on a spinning conducting sphere.
"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK. - THE INTRODUCTION OF THE ""ELECTRICAL FORMULATION"" OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT.
Reference : 42029
(1869)
On a Method of making a Direct Comparison of Electrostatic with Electromagnetic Force"" with a Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light. (Read June 18, 1868).
(London, Taylor & Francis, 1869) Large 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London."", Vol. 158. Maxwell's paper: pp. 643-657. Clean and fine, wide margins.
First appearance of this major paper on electromagnetic dynamics, in which Maxwell improves the groundbreaking equations he had set forth in his famous paper of 1865, the ""A dynamical Theory of Electro-Magnetic Fields"". In the paper offered here, he for the first time proposed to base the electromagnetic theory of light solely on 2 equations. The paper is one of Maxwell's 5 most importent contributions to electromagnetism.""Formulas for the forces between moving charged bodies may indeed de derived from Maxwell's equations, but the action is not along the line joining them and can be reconciled with a dynamical principle only by taking into account the exchange of momentum with the field. Maxwell remarked that the equations might be condensed, but ""to eliminate a quantity which expresses a useful idea would be rather a loss than a gain in this stage of our enquiry."" he had in fact simplified the equations in his fifth major paper, the short, but importent ""Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light."" (1868), writing them in an integral form without the function A, based on four postulates derived from electrical experiments. This may be called the electrical formulation of the theory, in contrast with the original dynamical formulation."" (C.W.F. Everitt in DSB).
"MAXWELL, JAMES CLARK. - OPTICS, ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM UNITED
Reference : 41709
(1864)
""A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field."" Received October 27, 1864. (Abstract)
(London, Taylor and Francis, 1864). No wrappers, as extracted from""Proceedings of the Royal Society"". From November 19, 1863, to December 22, 1864, inclusive."", Vol. XIII. Pp 531-536.
First printing of the first announcement of Maxwell unification of light-waves, electricity and magnetism, the most importent of the papers relating to his electromagnetic theory, in which he brought electro-magnetical phenomena on a clear mathematical form. The present paper is an abstract of the larger paper which was read to the Royal Academy in 1864, but only issued the year later (1865) in ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society"" , where it was printed in full, and as an abstract in ""Philosophical Magazine"" (1865).""A generation later Einstein's work on relativity was founded directly oupon Maxwell's electromagnetic theory"" it was this that led him to equate Faraday with Galileo and Maxwell with Newton."" (PMM No 355, but only the paper from 1865). - Dibner. Heralds of Science No 68 (1865 paper).
On the Induction of Electric Currents in an Infinite Plane Sheet of Uniform conductivity.
(London, Taylor and Francis, 1872). 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Vol. XX [20], No. 132. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with light soiling and minor chipping with some loss to extremities, not affecting text. Fine and clean. Pp. 160-17. [Entire volume: 135-197].
First printing of Maxwell's paper in which he seeks to: ""determine the currents which are induced in an infinite plate of uniform conductivity and infinitethickness, and in a sphere or spherical shell of any thickness when in the presence of a varying magnetic system: and in any of these bodies When rotating near a constant magnetic system, round an axis which is normal to the faces of the plate or passes through the centre"" (From the introduction to the present paper"".
On Boltzmann's Theorem on the Average Distribution of Energy in a System of material points.
London, Taylor and Francis, 1879. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 12"" Title-page of vol. 12 withbound. A fine copy. Pp. (2), 547-570.
First appearance of Maxwell's paper on Boltzmann's theorem on the average distribution of motion, in which he showed that when a material system has arrived at that steady distribution of motion among its parts which corresponds in real bodies to thermal equilibrium, the energy of the internal motion for any portion of the system is proportional to the number of degrees of freedom of that portion.
On the transformation of surfaces by bending.
London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 9"" Title-page of vol. 9 withbound. Title-page with traces after removed stamp. Pp. (2), 445-470.
First appearance Maxwell's important paper on the transformation of surfaces by bending in which there are clear links between this paper and his geometrical representation of 'lines of force' in his first paper on the theory of the electromagnetic field 'On Faraday's lines of force' which ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.
On Boltzmann's Theorem on the Average Distribution of Energy in a System of material points.
London, Taylor and Francis, 1879. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 12. Fine and clean. Pp. 547-570.
First appearance of Maxwell's paper on Boltzmann's theorem on the average distribution of motion, in which he showed that when a material system has arrived at that steady distribution of motion among its parts which corresponds in real bodies to thermal equilibrium, the energy of the internal motion for any portion of the system is proportional to the number of degrees of freedom of that portion.
On the Transformation of Surfaces by Bending.
London, Taylor and Francis, 1856. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 9. Fine and clean. Pp. (445)-470 + the pasted on title-page.
First appearance Maxwell's important paper on the transformation of surfaces by bending in which there are clear links between this paper and his geometrical representation of 'lines of force' in his first paper on the theory of the electromagnetic field 'On Faraday's lines of force' which ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.
MacAdam (David), ed. - Plato - Aristotle - Isaac Newton- George Palmer - Thomas Young - Hermann Günter Grassmann - James Clerk Maxwell - Herman von Helmholtz - Johannes von Kries - Frederic Eugene Ives - Erwin Schrödinger - John Guild - Lewis Fry Richardson - Stephen Polyak - Sir Wilfried E. Le Gros Clark
Reference : 101511
(1970)
Sources of Color Science , (Timaeus - On the soul ii - Sense and the sensible 2 - Meteorologica iii - New theory about light and colors - Opticks - Theory of colors and vision - Theory of light - On the theory of light and colors - Theory of compound colors - Theory of the perception of colors - The diagram of colors - Theory of compound colors, and the relations of the colors of the spectrum - On color vision - Physiological optics - Contribution to the physiology of visual sensations - Chromatic adaptation - Influence of adaptation on the effects produced by luminous stimuli - The optics of trichromatic photography - Outline of a theory of color measurement of daylight vision - Thresholds of color differences - Some problems of visual perception - Interpretation of quantitative data in visual problems - Measurability of sensations of hue, brightness, or saturation - Retinal structure and color vision - Laminar pattern of the lateral geniculate nucleus considered in relation to color vision)
The MIT Press Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1970 Book condition, Etat : Bon hardcover, editor's binding, under editor's pink printed dust-jacket grand In-8 1 vol. - 292 pages
a few black and white text-figures 1st edition, 1970 Contents, Chapitres : Contents, Preface, x, Text, 282 pages - Plato : Timaeus - Aristotle : On the soul ii - Sense and the sensible 2 - Meteorologica iii - Isaac Newton : New theory about light and colors - Opticks - George Palmer : Theory of colors and vision - Theory of light - Thomas Young : On the theory of light and colors - Hermann Günter Grassmann : Theory of compound colors - James Clerk Maxwell : Theory of the perception of colors - The diagram of colors - Theory of compound colors, and the relations of the colors of the spectrum - On color vision - Herman von Helmholtz : Physiological optics - Johannes von Kries : Contribution to the physiology of visual sensations - Chromatic adaptation - Influence of adaptation on the effects produced by luminous stimuli - Frederic Eugene Ives : The optics of trichromatic photography - Erwin Schrödinger : Outline of a theory of color measurement of daylight vision - Thresholds of color differences - John Guild : Some problems of visual perception - Interpretation of quantitative data in visual problems - Lewis Fry Richardson : Measurability of sensations of hue, brightness, or saturation - Stephen Polyak : Retinal structure and color vision - Sir Wilfried E. Le Gros Clark : Laminar pattern of the lateral geniculate nucleus considered in relation to color vision near fine copy, minor wear on the top of the dust-jacket, with very small missing of paper on the top of the spine, the D-J remains nearly complete and fine, inside is fine, no markings
