701 books for « marx karl »Edit

‎The Civil War in France. Address of the General Council of the International Working-Men's Association. - [MARX' SEMINAL DEFENSE OF THE PARIS COMMUNE]‎

‎High Holborn, for the Council by Edward Truelove, 1871. Small 8vo. Near contemporary quarter cloth with silver lettering to front board. Binding with signs of use, but overall good. One closed marginal tear and title-page with a few brownspots, otherwise very nice and clean. 35 pp.‎

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‎Exceedingly rare first edition (with the names of Lucraft and Odger still present under ""The General Council"") of one of Marx' most important works, his seminal defense of the Paris Commune and exposition of the struggle of the Communards, written for all proletarians of the world. While living in London, Marx had joined the International Working Men's Association in 1864 - ""a society founded largely by members of Britain's growing trade unions and designed to foster international working class solidarity and mutual assistance. Marx accepted the International's invitation to represent Germany and became the most active member of its governing General Council, which met every Tuesday evening, first at 18 Greek Street in Soho and later in Holborn. In this role, Marx had his first sustained contact with the British working class and wrote some of his most memorable works, notably ""The Civil War in France"". A polemical response to the destruction of the Paris Commune by the French government in 1871, it brought Marx notoriety in London as 'the red terror doctor', a reputation that helped ensure the rejection of his application for British citizenship several years later. Despite his considerable influence within the International, it was never ideologically homogenous... (homas C. Jones: ""Karl Marx' London"").The work was highly controversial, but extremely influential. Even though most of the Council members of the International sanctioned the Address, it caused a rift internally, and some of the English members of the General Council were enraged to be seen to endorse it. Thus, for the second printing of the work, the names of Lucraft and Odger, who had now withdrawn from the Council, were removed from the list of members of ""The General Council"" at the end of the pamphlet. ""[Marx] defended the Commune in a bitterly eloquent pamphlet, ""The Civil War in France"", whose immediate effect was further to identify the International with the Commune, by then in such wide disrepute that some of the English members of the General Council refused to endorse it."" (Saul K. Padover, preface to Vol. II of the Karl Marx Library, pp. XLVII-XLVIII).""Written by Karl Marx as an address to the General Council of the International, with the aim of distributing to workers of all countries a clear understanding of the character and world-wide significance of the heroic struggle of the Communards and their historical experience to learn from. The book was widely circulated by 1872 it was translated into several languages and published throughout Europe and the United States."" (The Karl Marx Archive)Marx concluded ""The Civil War in France"" with these impassioned words, which were to resound with workers all over the world: ""Working men's Paris, with its Commune, will be forever celebrated as the glorious harbinger of a new society. Its martyrs are enshrined in the great heart of the working class. Its exterminators history has already nailed to that eternal pillory from which all the prayers of their priests will not avail to redeem them.""The address, which was delivered on May 30, 1871, two days after the defeat of the Paris Commune, was to have an astounding effect on working men all over the world and on the organization of power of the proletarians. It appeared in three editions in 1871, was almost immediately translated into numerous languages and is now considered one of the most important works that Marx ever wrote. "" ""The Civil War in France"", one of Marx's most important works, was written as an address by the General Council of the International to all Association members in Europe and the United States.From the earliest days of the Paris Commune Marx made a point of collecting and studying all available information about its activities. He made clippings from all available French, English and German newspapers of the time. Newspapers from Paris reached London with great difficulty. Marx had at his disposal only individual issues of Paris newspapers that supported the Commune. He had to use English and French bourgeois newspapers published in London, including ones of Bonapartist leanings, but succeeded in giving an objective picture of the developments in Paris. ...Marx also drew valuable information from the letters of active participants and prominent figures of the Paris Commune, such as Leo Frankel, Eugene Varlin, Auguste Serraillier, Yelisaveta Tornanovskaya, as well as from the letters of Paul Lafargue, Pyotr Lavrov and others.Originally he intended to write an address to the workers of Paris, as he declared at the meeting of the General Council on March 28, 1871. His motion was unanimously approved. The further developments in Paris led him, however, to the conclusion that an appeal should be addressed to proletarians of the world. At the General Council meeting on April 18, Marx suggested to issue ""an address to the International generally about the general tendency of the struggle."" Marx was entrusted with drafting the address. He started his work after April 18 and continued throughout May. Originally he wrote the First and Second drafts of ""The Civil War in France"" as preparatory variants for the work, and then set about making up the final text of the address.He did most of the work on the First and Second drafts and the final version roughly between May 6 and 30. On May 30, 1871, two days after the last barricade had fallen in Paris, the General Council unanimously approved the text of ""The Civil War in France"", which Marx had read out.""The Civil War in France"" was first published in London on about June 13, 1871 in English, as a pamphlet of 35 pages in 1,000 copies. Since the first edition quickly sold out, the second English edition of 2,000 copies was published at a lower price, for sale to workers. In this edition [i.e., MECW], Marx corrected some of the misprints occurring in the first edition, and the section ""Notes"" was supplemented with another document. Changes were made in the list of General Council members who signed the Address: the names of Lucraft and Odger were deleted, as they had expressed disagreement with the Address in the bourgeois press and had withdrawn from the General Council, and the names of the new members of the General Council were added. In August 1871, the third English edition of ""The Civil War in France"" came out, in which Marx eliminated the inaccuracies of the previous editions.In 1871-72, ""The Civil War"" in France was translated into French, German, Russian, Italian, Spanish, Dutch, Flemish, Serbo-Croat, Danish and Polish, and published in the periodical press and as separate pamphlets in various European countries and the USA. It was repeatedly published in subsequent years....In 1891, when preparing a jubilee German edition of ""The Civil War in France"" to mark the 20th anniversary of the Paris Commune, Engels once again edited the text of his translation. He also wrote an introduction to this edition, emphasising the historical significance of the experience of the Paris Commune, and its theoretical generalisation by Marx in ""The Civil War in France"", and also giving additional information on the activities of the Communards from among the Blanquists and Proudhonists. Engels included in this edition the First and Second addresses of the General Council of the International Working Men's Association on the Franco-Prussian war, which were published in subsequent editions in different languages also together with ""The Civil War France"". (Notes on the Publication of ""The Civil War in France"" from MECW Volume 22). Only very few copies of the book from 1871 on OCLC are not explicitly stated to be 2nd or 3rd editions, and we have not been able to find a single copy for sale at auctions within the last 50 years. ‎

‎Le Capital‎

‎Librairie du Progrès - Directeur Maurice Lachatre & Cie, Paris s.d (1875), 19,5x28cm, 351 pp, relié.‎

‎Edition originale française en premier tirage, traduite par Joseph Roy, en partie inédite car entièrement révisée et enrichie par Karl Marx. Bien complet des deux pages de titre à l'adresse de Lachatre, du portrait de Karl Marx en frontispice, du fac-similé de sa lettre à l'éditeur, et de la réponse de celui-ci au verso, qui sera supprimée des tirages suivants. Modeste reliure de l'époque en demi percaline bronze, dos lisse, titre et filets dorés, reliure signée d'une vignette en pied du contreplat, "Buchbinderei Schey & Co, Zürich". *** Cette première version française parue en livraisons entre 1872 et 1875, mais ne rencontra aucun succès, comme en témoigne l'éditeur dans une lettre à Marx le 24 décembre 1873 : « La vente est nulle sur votre livre (...). Le tirage se fait à 1100 exemplaires, presque tous au magasin ». Les cahiers invendus furent en partie assemblés et proposés en volumes brochés et reliés au début 1876. Mais le livre peine achevé, les libraires en sabotaient la diffusion. En juin 1879, La Châtre écrit à Marx: «Il reste encore trois cents exemplaires des dernières livraisons qui avaient été tirées à mille. On aurait donc vendu seulement 600 ou 700 exemplaires dans une période de six ans. C'est un bien triste résultat ... » Ce fut une déception majeure pour Karl Marx qui s'était particulièrement investi dans cette édition française, la seule traduction dont il ait assuré la révision, et la dernière de son vivant. Karl Marx: «désirait intervenir avec Le Capital dans les débats théoriques et politiques français, fortement marqués par l'héritage de Proudhon, dans un pays où l'Internationale était plus concrètement organisée que partout ailleurs et dont la capitale s'était « mise en Commune ». Le Capital, en France, c'était en quelque sorte l'épilogue d'un long débat théorique et politique commencé en langue française vingt années plus tôt avec la première polémique contre Proudhon. (...)Marx mena de front en 1872 la correction et révision de la traduction de Joseph Roy et le remaniement de la première édition allemande en vue de la deuxième édition chez l'éditeur Meissner. Ce double travail, dont les deux lignes s'entrecroisent en permanence, est en partie la cause des nombreuses différences qui subsistent entre les textes allemands de la 2e édition (et même des éditions ultérieures) et la version française que Marx remaniait parallèlement et séparément. A chaque phase du processus (préparation du texte de départ pour Roy, correction des épreuves pour Meissner, correction de la traduction envoyée par Roy, correction des épreuves envoyées par l'imprimeur), Marx introduisait des changements, au grand désespoir des imprimeurs. Chez beaucoup d'auteurs, cette division du travail en phases différentes aboutirait à un grand nombre de variantes brèves. Chez Marx, elle encourageait une tendance qui n'avait pas besoin d'être encouragée, la tendance à la réécriture perpétuelle, au palimpseste. » (Jean-Pierre Lefebvre, introduction à la réédition du Capital en 1983 aux Editions Sociales). Le 28 avril 1875, Karl Marx ajoute à un avis au lecteur qui paraitra dans la dernière livraison, page 348, précisant son investissement dans cette version française et son importance dans l'uvre du philosophe: «[La scrupuleuse traduction de M. J. Roy m'a] obligé à modifier la rédaction, dans le but de la rendre plus accessible au lecteur. Ces remaniements faits au jour le jour, puisque le livre se publiait par livraison, on été exécutés avec une attention inégale et ont dû produire des discordances de style. Ayant une fois entrepris ce travail de révision, j'ai été conduit à l'appliquer aussi au fond du texte original (la seconde édition allemande), à simplifier quelques développements, à en compléter d'autres, à donner des matériaux historiques ou statistiques additionnels, à ajouter des aperçus critiques, etc. Quelles que soient donc les imperfections littéraires de cette édition française, elle possède une valeur scientifique indépendante de l'originale et doit être consultée même par les lecteurs familiers avec la langue allemande.» Notre exemplaire, fut d'ailleurs sans doute acquis par un ccompatriote de Karl Marx puisqu'il fut relié à l'époque par un relieur de Zurich, Schey & Co. En 1957, il est acquis par un bibliophile à Zagreb, dans la Yougoslavie de Tito, comme en témoigne les marginalia de la page de garde. Triple ex-libris d'époque sur la page de garde et les deux pages de titre. Précieux exemplaire de l'édition française aussi capitale que l'originale allemande. - Photos sur www.Edition-originale.com - ‎

‎Herr Vogt. - [MARX' STRUGGLE AGAINST DEFAMATION ]‎

‎London, 1860. 8vo. Bound partly uncut with the original wrappers in a nice recent half calf pastiche binding with four rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Front wrapper with marginal repairs and back wrappers with repairs with minor loss of text. Light brownspotting to first and last leaves. A fine copy. VI, (2), (1)-191, (1, -errata) pp.‎

‎The rare first edition of Marx' landmark defense against defamation, a seminal work in his struggle for a new human society. Written in the midst of his writing of ""The Capital"", ""Herr Vogt"" constitutes the work that took precedence over this most important critique of political economy and the work that gives us one of the most profound insights into the mind of the great Marx. ""Herr Vogt"" is furthermore the work that we have to thank for the influence that ""The Capital"" and Marxist socialism did come to have upon our society. ""In 1857, Karl Marx resumed work on his critique of political economy, a process that culminated in the publication of ""Capital"" a decade later. He wrote a rough draft (the ""Grundrisse"") in 1857 and 1858, parts of which he then reworked into the ""Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy"", which was published in June 1859. Then, in 1861 through 1863, he wrote a revised draft of the whole of ""Capital"", which was followed by a more polished draft written during 1864 and 1865. Finally, he revised the first volume yet again, during 1866 and 1867. It appeared in September, 1867.The careful reader will have noticed a rather lengthy gap in this chronology. From the second half of 1859 through 1860, Marx was not working on his critique of political economy. What was he doing instead? What was so important, so much more of an urgent priority than his theoretical work?The answer is that Marx was fighting back against Carl Vogt's defamatory attack. He fought back in order to defend his reputation and that of his ""party."" ... "" Herr Vogt"", the book Marx wrote in order to set the record straight."" (Klimann, Marx' Struggle Against Defamation).Vogt was a prominent radical German politician and materialist philosopher who had immigrated to Switzerland, where he served in parliament and was also a professor of geology. His position on the 1859 war over Italian unification had a pro-French tilt, which resulted in the publication of a newspaper article and an anonymous pamphlet that alleged (correctly) that Vogt was being paid by the French government. Vogt believed Marx to be the source of the allegation and the author of the pamphlet.Vogt fought back by attacking Marx. He published a short book that described Marx as the leader of a band of blackmailers who demanded payment in return for keeping quiet about their victims' revolutionary histories. The book also contained a number of false and harmful allegations against Marx, and Vogt did everything in his power to destroy Marx' reputation. Not only did he attack Marx personally, he also falsified facts and made up untrue allegations to libel the Communist League, portraying its members as conspirators in secret contact with the police and accusing Marx of personal motives.There is no doubt that this work of slander put both Marx' own future as well as that of the Communist League at stake. ""Ferdinand Lassalle warned Marx that Vogt's book ""will do great harm to yourself and to the whole party, for it relies in a deceptive way upon half-truths,"" and said that ""something must be done"" in response (quoted in Rubel 1980, p. 53). Frederick Engels also urged Marx to respond quickly, and he provided a good deal of assistance when Marx wrote ""Herr Vogt""....Carl Vogt and the circumstances that gave rise to his defamatory attack against Marx and his ""party"" are dead and gone. But ""Herr Vogt"" and Marx's battle against defamation remain living exemplars of how one responds in a genuinely Marx-ian way-i.e., the way of Marx. Do not separate theory from practice, or philosophy from organization. Do not retreat to the ivory tower or suffer attacks in silence"" set the record straight. Use the bourgeois courts if necessary. Enlist the assistance of others."" (Klimann).""Marx's Herr Vogt, almost entirely unknown in the English-speaking world. It is nevertheless one of the most brilliant of his writings. Engels considered it better than the Eighteenth Brumaire"" Lassalle spoke of it as ""a masterpiece in every respect"""" Ryazanov thought that ""in all literature there is no equal to this book"""" Mehring rightly wrote of its ""being highly instructive even today""."" (Karl Marx on Herr Vogt - from The New International, Vol. X No. 8, August 1944, pp. 257-260. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O'Callaghan for ETOL).‎

‎Misère de la philosophie. Réponse à la Philosophie de la misère de M. Proudhon.‎

‎Paris, A. Frank, Bruxelles, C. G. Vogler, 1840. In-8 de (4) ff., 178 pp., (1) f. d'errata, demi-chagrin havane, dos à nerfs orné de fleurons dorés, titre doré, tête dorée, non rogné, couverture imprimée de papier bleu clair conservée (reliure vers 1870). ‎

‎Rare édition originale rédigée en français de ce livre charnière de la pensée marxiste.« Misère de la philosophie est dans l'ensemble de l'oeuvre de Marx une étape d'une grande importance, c'est une oeuvre à la fois de transition et de maturité. Elle constitue chez lui la première synthèse entre une philosophie méthodique et une économie politique à la fois objective et concrète » (Henri Mougin, préface à Marx, Misère de la philosophie, Paris, 1977).À l'automne 1843, journaliste fuyant la censure, Karl Marx (1818-1883) s'installe à Paris. D'abord élogieux à l'égard de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) qu'il rencontre l'année suivante, son jugement devient rapidement plus critique. En 1846, depuis Bruxelles où il s'est installé en février de l'année précédente après son expulsion, Marx propose à Proudhon de participer au Comité de correspondance communiste. Dans une lettre de refus, l'anarchiste français fait état de ses points de désaccords avec le philosophe allemand : il l'exhorte à ne pas créer une "nouvelle religion, cette fois-ci athée" et prend ses distances avec l'idée d'un recours à l'action révolutionnaire pour faire avancer la cause du prolétariat. Enfin, Proudhon révèle à son cadet qu'il s'apprête à publier un livre proche de ses préoccupations, Système des contradictions économiques ou Philosophie de la misère, pour lequel il avoue naïvement : "J'attends votre férule critique".C'est donc à Bruxelles durant l'hiver 1846-1847 que Marx rédige en français son essai, véritable écrit de combat. Il y réfute de manière cinglante les fondements philosophiques et économiques de la doctrine proudhonienne et le caractère utopique de celle-ci. Il rejette notamment son refus de la grève ou son idée de taxe à la consommation et montre qu'il confond valeur d'usage et valeur d'échange.Proudhon songea d'abord à une réfutation en règle de Marx, annotant un exemplaire, mais il opta finalement pour un mépris hautain face à l'échec commercial du pamphlet. Dans ses Carnets, le Franc-comtois aura cette formule lapidaire : "Marx est le ténia du socialisme".Très bel exemplaire, non rogné et avec sa couverture, complet du feuillet d'errata.Des bibliothèques Georges Flore et Geneviève Dubois et Hans Lutz Merkle (1913- 2000) ("FeuerbacherHeide") avec ex-libris.Maximilien Rubel, Bibliographie des oeuvres de Karl Marx, 55. ‎

‎Capital. I. - The Serfdom of Work. II. - The Lordship of Wealth. [In ""To-Day: A Monthly Gathering of Bold Thoughts. Vol. I. May - September, 1883]. - [THE FIRST BRITISH TRANSLATION OF ANY PART OF ""DAS KAPITAL""]‎

‎London, The Modern Press, 1883. Royal8vo. Entire volume present, in the original olive green full cloth binding with gilt lettering to spine. Front board with black line-borders, black vignette, gilt lettering and gilt ornamentation depicting the sun. Spine with small mark and professional repairs to head and tail of spine. Light occassional brownspots to first leaves, otherwise a fine and clean copy. (Capital:) Pp. 57-68" 145-150. (Entire volume:) IV, 600 pp. Housed in a cloth clamshell box with gilt lettering to spine.‎

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‎The exceedingly rare first British translation of any part of ‘Das Kapital’ and the first English translation of any part of the work to be published in Britain. When Karl Marx was finalizing the first volume of “Das Kapital”, he was already planning an English translation British socialism was dominated by trade unionism and Marx wanted to propagate his ideas among the British working class. It would take 16 years, however, before the present translation was published and a full 20 years before the first full translation of the first volume of Das Kapital was published. The present work is of the utmost scarcity and we have not beeen able to find a single auction record of it. Marx' research for ‘Das Kapital’ was in large part carried out in the reading room of the British Library, and the British working class during the industrial revolution in the late 18th century and early 19th century was highly important to Marx' class analysis. Consequently, Marx was eager to have an English translation published and for years, Marx and Engels tried to find an English translator and an editor for “Das Kapital”. While several unauthorized translations were planned and even begun, nothing came of it in Marx’s lifetime. The present book is the first volume of a journal, edited by Ernest Belfort Bax & James Leigh Joynes, which specialized in the publication of free-thinking and radical works. It was published from 1883 to 1889, and To-Day's guiding principle was to 'shake itself free from all fetters, save those of truth and taste'. Its political stance is indeed bold and not entirely unfitting for a first translation of ‘Das Kapital’: 'the equal rights of every human being to health, wealth, wisdom and happiness shall be our watchword'. Two sections of ´Das Kapital´, namely: I. The Serfdom of Work" II. The Lordship of Wealth. According to the heading, the second installment is being translated from the French edition of 1872, but a footnote states: “this chapter is translated from the second and third sections of chapter X of the original"". The first complete English book edition appeared in 1887, under the title Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. It was translated by Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling (the partner of Karl Marx's daughter Eleanor), overseen by Engels.‎

‎Kapitalut. Kritika na politicheskata ekonomiia. [i.e. Bulgarian ""Das Kapital""]. [Translated by Dimitar Blagoev] (+) Kapitalut. [Translated by Georgi Bakalov] (+) Karlu Marksu i Negovoto Vreme [i.e. Bulgarian: ""Karl Marx and his Time""]. - [THE FIRST BULGARIAN TRANSLATIONS OF MARX'S 'DAS KAPITAL']‎

‎[Blagoev-translation:] Sofia, [presumably 1910 but august 1909 stated on last leaf of preface] & [Ba [Blagoev-translation:] 8vo. In a contemporary full cloth binding with red leather title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Spine with wear and light soiling to extremities. Hindges a bit weak First 10 leaves with stain in margin, otherwise a good copy. (6), XXXI, (1), 675, (1) pp.{Bakalov-translation:] 8vo. In contemporary half calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Wear to extremities and hindges a bit weak Repair to inner margin of title-page. Internally fine and clean. XXX, (2), 598, (2) pp. + frontiespiece of Marx. Withbound is ""Karl Marx and His Time"": (1)-180 pp.‎

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‎A most interesting set consisting of the two first Bulgarian translations of Marx' 'Das Kapital'. Quite extraordinary in the history of translations of 'Das Kapital' two Bulgarian translation appeared, presumably, simultaneously and both translations seems to have been actively used though the 20ies and 30ies and they were reprinted simultaneously in 1930-31, both edited by Todor Pavlov. To our best knowledge Bulgarian is the only language which have had two complete translation published at the same time.The Bakalov-translation is certainly published in 1910. The Blagoew-translation, printed in Sofia, has often been referred to as being printed in 1909 and has occasionally been referred to as the first translation of the two, solely because his foreword was proceeded by ""August, 1909"". That the book was actually printed in 1909 has, however, recently been disputed. Both translators were well aware of each other and perhaps Blagoew simply wrote ""August 1909"" to gain primacy in being the first to have a complete translation published: ""I was not able to prove this, but this is either a typo (unlikely) or was Blagoev's way to acquire primacy over the other translation from 1910, that of Georgi Bakalov"" (Panayotov, Capital without Value: The Soviet-Bulgarian Synthesis). Translator Dimitar Blagoev, the founder and leader of the Bulgarian Worker's Social Democratic Party became (or Narrow Socialists, or Tesniaki), became the the first Marxist propangandist in Bulgaria. About the present translation Blagoev said: ""The translation was made from Russian, but we can rightly say that it came from Russian as well as from Russian German and French. We all had four Russian issuesbut the basis for this was the last Russian translation, which was edited by G. P. Struwe, as it came closest to the original. In all this, however, we had to compare, almost line by line, with the original of the last, fourth German edition of Friedrich Engels and the French translation, which was specially reviewed by Marx himself.""Blagoev was also a prominent proponent of ideas for the establishment of a Balkan Federation, leading the Narrow Socialists into the Communist International in 1919, where the party changed its name to the Bulgarian Communist Party. However, during this period Blagoev and the party as a whole did not completely adopt Bolshevik's positions on the basic questions. This determined the party's policies during the Vladaya Soldiers' Rebellion of 1918 and the military coup of 9 June 1923 when the party adopted a position of neutrality. He was also an opponent of the failed September Uprising and thought that there were no ripe conditions for a revolution in Bulgaria yet.A partial translation by Blagoev (only 122 pp) was published in 1905 and is of the utmost scarcity. Georgi Bakalov published his translation from the German, in his hometown Stara Zagora. The publisher was The Liberal Club, which was a printshop rather than a proper publisher. He was also a member of Bulgarian Social Democratic Party as of 1891 and, likely much similar to many of the early Bulgarian socialists, was active in education and socalled 'uchitelsko delo' (teachers' affairs). In 1891-93 he studied in Geneva and quickly befriended Plekhanov, whom he translated in the 1890s.OCLC only list no copies of either translation. We know, however, that a copy of both translations are held in the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library (Bulgaria).‎

‎Le Capital‎

‎ 1875 Paris, Librairie du Progrès, sans date (1875), grand in-8 de 351-(1) pp., errata p.351, rel. d'époque demi-basane brune bleu nuit, dos orné du titre doré et de roulettes dorées, bords des deux premiers feuillets éfrangés, bon ex.‎

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‎2e tirage de la première édition française du capital. Exemplaire de travail de Pierre MORIDE (1883-1915), avec ex dono manuscrit de sa main à l'un de ses amis, notes de lecture et passages soulignés au crayon bleu. Pierre MORIDE, avocat, fut reçu Docteur en sciences politiques et économiques en 1908, après avoir présenté une thèse sur « Le produit net des physiocrates et la plus-value de Marx". Pour ce faire, il eut probablement recours à cet exemplaire annoté de sa main. Il fut chargé d’économie politique à la Faculté de Paris, puis en octobre 1912, un poste de chargé de cours d’économie politique auprès de la Faculté de Montpellier lui fut confié. La traduction de J. Roy fut entièrement révisée par l'auteur. Elle parut en 44 livraisons formant 351 pages entre août 1872 et mai 1875. Les révisions et les ajouts apportés par Karl Marx au cours de la publication firent de cette édition française un travail original à part entière. L'auteur alla jusqu'à préciser dans l'Avis au lecteur daté du 28 avril 1875, que l'édition "possède une valeur scientifique indépendante de l'original et doit être consultée même par les lecteurs familiers avec la langue allemande". L'édition, imprimée sur deux colonnes, contient deux titres chacun illustrés d'un grand bois, plusieurs vignettes et en-têtes, un portrait de Karl Marx et le fac-similé d'une lettre de Marx à l'éditeur Maurice Lachâtre. Portrait de Marx, vignettes et culs de lampe. ‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital: Criticism of Political Economy. In three volumes. In Russian‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital: Criticism of Political Economy. In three volumes. In Russian. Volumes 1-2. Volume One. Book One. The Process of Capital Production. Volume Two. Book Two. The Process of Capital Circulation. Translated from it P.N. Klyukin M.A. Bunyatyan. Introduced by O.I. Ananyin. Presented by L.L. Vasina V.S. Afanasieva. Series: Capital. Karl Marx. M. Mann Ivanov and Ferber / Expo 2012-2013. 1200 and 1200 pp. For economists sociologists historians of economic thought graduate students and students as well as anyone interested in the heritage of the classics of economic science. SKUalb19657fc4a63ad5f4.‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. In 3 Volumes. Criticism of Political Economy. In Russian (as‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. In 3 Volumes. Criticism of Political Economy. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Kapital. V 3-kh tomakh. Kritika politicheskoy ekonomii. Short description: In Russian (ask us if in doubt).Per Stepanov-Skvortsov I. I. Leningrad. Politizdat. 1953 slightly enlarged format. With a portrait of the author. Capita? l is K. Marx's main work on political economy which contains a critical analysis of capitalism. The work was written using a dialectical-materialist approach including to historical processes. First published in 1867 it is an extended follow-up to Towards Criticism of Political Economy published in 1859 We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb7fc3f869cc0b7544‎

‎Kapitaal en Arbeid. Bewerkt door F. Domela Nieuwenhuis. - [THE RARE FIRST DUTCH TRANSLATION]‎

‎The Hague, Liebers & Co, (1881). 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Spine missing some of the paper and upper part of front wrapper and lower part of back wrappers detached. Wrappers brownspotted and previous owner's name in pencil to upper margin of front wrapper. Pp. 37-40 missing some of the paper in upper margin - far from affecting text, otherwise internally fine and clean. VII, 82 pp.‎

‎The rare first Dutch translation of Marx’s “Lohnarbeit und Kapital” (i.e. ""Wage Labour and Capital"") here in the exceedingly rare printed wrappers, presumably being the only known copy in wrappers. This seminal work by Karl Marx, which, due to its aim to be a popular exposition of his central theories of capitalism and the economic relationships between workers and capitalists, became one of the most generally influential and widely read of Marx' works. It is widely considered the precursor to Das Kapital. ""Wage Labour and Capital"" was originally written as a series of newspaper articles in 1847 and was first published, however only fragmentarily, in the form of five articles in April 1849 in the ""Neue Rheinische Zeitung"". Because of the political conditions, the printing of the series had to be ended, and thus only these five articles appeared, as there was no sign of the rest of it between the papers of Marx that were found after his death. The work did not appear again until 1881. In 1891, Engels published a re-worked version of the article, which took into account Marx' later developments in his economic theory (for instance Engels inserted the distinction between ""labour"" and ""labour-power"", which Marx did not make in the original version), and during the 1890'ies the work appeared in numerous languages and in an enormous amount of editions. Marx' seminal theories that are made easily accessible in this important publication include his Labour Theory of Value, his Theory of Concentration of Capital, his Theory of Alienation etc., which were all later developed in the ""Capital"", three fundamental theories that have influenced all later economical-political thought. Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis (1846-1919), a Dutch socialist. ""Originally a Lutheran pastor (1870-1879), he left the church, founded the socialist weekly Recht voor Allen (1879). He played a leading part in developing the Social-Democratic movement in the Netherlands" was elected to parliament for a term (1881-1891)" disappointed in legislating social reform, he turned to anarchism (1890s). He authored a number of propaganda brochures."" (Draper: The Marx-Engels Glossary, p. 154.)‎

‎Kapital: k'aghak'atntesut'yan k'nnadatut'yun [Armenian i.e. ""Das Kapital""]. 4. vols. - [FIRST ARMENIAN TRANSLATION OF 'DAS KAPITAL']‎

‎Erevan, Kusakts'akan Hratarakch'ut'yun, 1933 - 1949. Royal8vo. 4 volumes, all in the original red (in four different nuances) full cloth with embossed title to front boards and spine. Light soiling to extremities on all four volumes expecially volume 1 with heavy soiling. Hindges a bit weak. All volumes internally fine and clean. XL,745, (3) pp." XXVII, 492, (4) pp. XXVI, 452 pp." (4), 452 pp.‎

‎The rare first Armenian translation of Karl Marx's Das Kapital. ""Fifty years after the death of Karl Marx, the Communist Party of Armenia published in 1933 the first Armenian translation of book one of 'Das Kapital'. After a long fight against the Ottoman Empire, Armenia had become part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in 1922. The famous Armenian historian and linguist Tadeos Ayrapetovich Avdalbegyan (1885-1937) made the translation according to the tenth and last German edition (1922) by the Meissner publishing house. Book two followed in 1936, but book three was only published after World War II, in 1947 and 1949. The changing name of the editor reflects the history of soviet Armenia over the years."" (Karl Marx Memorial Library Luxembourg - http://karlmarx.lu)‎

‎Sermaye. [i.e. Turkish: ""Das Kapital""]. - [FIRST TURKISH EDITION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ABRIDGED VERSION OF ""THE CAPITAL""]‎

‎Istanbul, Sirketi Mürettibye Matbaasi, 1933. 8vo. In a recent full black leather binding with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine and front board. Blindtooled frames to front and back board. A fine and clean copy. (7), (1), (5)-305, (1), [errata-leaf] pp. ‎

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‎Rare first Turkish book-length appearance of Marx’s landmark ‘Das Kapital’, being a translation of the most important abridged version of Marx's Capital ever to have appeared, Haydar Rifat’s (Yorulmaz) 1933 translation Sermaye, which was based on an abridged French version (1897) of the original by Gabriel Deville. Exerting great effort for the formation of the leftist thought and discourse in the late Ottoman and early Republican periods, Haydar Rifat was a prominent translator acting as a culture entrepreneur in the cultivation of leftist ideas. In his preface to Sermaye, Rifat notes that only passing remarks are made on Marx’s works in the faculties of law and political sciences and accounts for his attempt to further introduce Marx and his ideology to the academia and the public as follows: Das Kapital, Karl Marx’s masterpiece, has been translated into all major languages, and numerous commentaries and interpretations on this work have been published by experts in modern countries. The translations, commentaries and interpretations of this work are so abundant that they quantitatively surpass the commentaries on all Holy Books"" indeed, the works produced by various experts with different approaches under the title “Marxist Library” can fill up buildings. (Front the present work). ""The epitome, here translated, was published in Paris, in 1883, by Gabriel Deville, possibly the most brilliant writer among the French Marxians. It is the most successful attempt yet made to popularize Marx's scientific economics. It is by no means free from difficulties, for the subject is essentially a complex and difficult subject, but there are no difficulties that reasonable attention and patience will not enable the average reader to overcome. There is no attempt at originality. The very words in most cases are Marx's own words, and Capital is followed so closely that the first twenty-five chapters correspond in subject and treatment with the first twenty-five chapters of Capital. Chapter XXVI corresponds in the main with Chapter XXVI of Capital, but also contains portions of chapter XXX. The last three chapters-XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX-correspond to the last three chapters-XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII-of Capital."" (ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE, Intruductory Note to the 1899 English translation). “He also refers to how he has had to deal with the challenges arising from the translation of certain terms and/or the absence of any expert on the field whom he could consult: While doing this short translation, I have encountered many difficulties. It is necessary to find equivalents for new terms, or rather the terms, which are new for us. The trouble arose not just from finding Turkish equivalents in line with the new course our language has taken, it also concerns the difficulty in finding any equivalent. Some of these words and terms were used for the first time, while I have replaced some others with alternative words and terms though they have been in use for the past five or ten years. I almost never go out. On those rare occasions when I leave home and go out, I can find almost nobody whom I can consult and discuss my translation. (Rifat 1933, 7)” Rifat concludes his lengthy preface with a humble, almost apologetic note stating that he would be more than willing to correct any mistakes in his translation that could potentially cause his readers difficulty and that he had consulted a whole list of experts, mainly economists, about the equivalents of certain terms and the general content of the translation. The preface actually ends with a list of the names of the experts to whom Rifat had sent a copy of his translation” (Konca, The Turkish Retranslations of Marx’s Das Kapital as a Site of Intellectual and Ideological Struggle) Rifat’s translation immediately triggered a series of articles and critiques in various journals and papers upon its publication.‎

‎Sermaye. [i.e. Turkish: ""Das Kapital""]. - [FIRST TURKISH EDITION OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ABRIDGED VERSION OF ""THE CAPITAL""]‎

‎Istanbul, Sirketi Mürettibye Matbaasi, 1933. 8vo. In contemporary full black cloth binding with gilt lettering to spine. Blindtooled frames to front and back board. Previous owner's name ""Hüsnû Hizlan"" in gilt lettering to front board. A fine and clean copy. (7), (1), (5)-305, (1), [errata-leaf] pp.‎

‎Rare first Turkish book-length appearance of Marx’s landmark ‘Das Kapital’, being a translation of the most important abridged version of Marx's Capital ever to have appeared, Haydar Rifat’s (Yorulmaz) 1933 translation Sermaye, which was based on an abridged French version (1897) of the original by Gabriel Deville. Exerting great effort for the formation of the leftist thought and discourse in the late Ottoman and early Republican periods, Haydar Rifat was a prominent translator acting as a culture entrepreneur in the cultivation of leftist ideas. In his preface to Sermaye, Rifat notes that only passing remarks are made on Marx’s works in the faculties of law and political sciences and accounts for his attempt to further introduce Marx and his ideology to the academia and the public as follows: Das Kapital, Karl Marx’s masterpiece, has been translated into all major languages, and numerous commentaries and interpretations on this work have been published by experts in modern countries. The translations, commentaries and interpretations of this work are so abundant that they quantitatively surpass the commentaries on all Holy Books"" indeed, the works produced by various experts with different approaches under the title “Marxist Library” can fill up buildings. (Front the present work). ""The epitome, here translated, was published in Paris, in 1883, by Gabriel Deville, possibly the most brilliant writer among the French Marxians. It is the most successful attempt yet made to popularize Marx's scientific economics. It is by no means free from difficulties, for the subject is essentially a complex and difficult subject, but there are no difficulties that reasonable attention and patience will not enable the average reader to overcome. There is no attempt at originality. The very words in most cases are Marx's own words, and Capital is followed so closely that the first twenty-five chapters correspond in subject and treatment with the first twenty-five chapters of Capital. Chapter XXVI corresponds in the main with Chapter XXVI of Capital, but also contains portions of chapter XXX. The last three chapters-XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX-correspond to the last three chapters-XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII-of Capital."" (ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE, Intruductory Note to the 1899 English translation). “He also refers to how he has had to deal with the challenges arising from the translation of certain terms and/or the absence of any expert on the field whom he could consult: While doing this short translation, I have encountered many difficulties. It is necessary to find equivalents for new terms, or rather the terms, which are new for us. The trouble arose not just from finding Turkish equivalents in line with the new course our language has taken, it also concerns the difficulty in finding any equivalent. Some of these words and terms were used for the first time, while I have replaced some others with alternative words and terms though they have been in use for the past five or ten years. I almost never go out. On those rare occasions when I leave home and go out, I can find almost nobody whom I can consult and discuss my translation. (Rifat 1933, 7)” Rifat concludes his lengthy preface with a humble, almost apologetic note stating that he would be more than willing to correct any mistakes in his translation that could potentially cause his readers difficulty and that he had consulted a whole list of experts, mainly economists, about the equivalents of certain terms and the general content of the translation. The preface actually ends with a list of the names of the experts to whom Rifat had sent a copy of his translation” (Konca, The Turkish Retranslations of Marx’s Das Kapital as a Site of Intellectual and Ideological Struggle) Rifat’s translation immediately triggered a series of articles and critiques in various journals and papers upon its publication.‎

‎La Guerre civile en France 1871 (La Commune de Paris).‎

‎Paris, Editions Sociales, "Les Eléments du communisme", 1946 1 volume In-8° (13,3 x 21cm) Broché sous couverture grise imprimée en bleu nuit. 97p., 1feuillet. Bon état. ‎

‎Texte de Karl MARX (1818-1883) précédé d'une introduction de Friedrich ENGELS et des "Premier" et "Second Manifeste[s] du Conseil général" (de la 1ère Internationale: textes de Karl MARX) sur la guerre franco-prussienne (23 juillet et 9 septembre 1870) et suivi de lettres de Karl MARX et de Friedrich ENGELS sur la Commune de Paris; index des noms. ‎

‎Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Oekonomie. Zweiter Band. Buch II: Der Cirkulationsprocess des Kapitals. Herausgeben von Friedrich Engels. - [""THE FORGOTTEN BOOK OF CAPITAL""]‎

‎Hamburg: Otto Meissner, 1885. 8vo. Very nice contemporary black half calf with gilt spine. A bit of wear to extremitoes. Inner front hinge a little weak. Title-page a littel dusty, but otherwise very nice and clean. Book-plate (Arnold Heertje) to inside of front board. XXVII, (1), 526 pp. + 1 f. With pp. 515-16 in the first state (""Consumtionsfonds"" with a C) and with the imprint-leaf at the end. ‎

‎Scarce first edition of the second volume of ""The Capital"", edited from Marx's manuscripts by Friedrich Engels and with a 20 pages long preface by Engels. The second volume constitutes a work in its own right and is also known under the subtitle ""The Process of Circulation of Capital "". Although this work has often been to as referred to as ""the forgotten book"" of Capital or ""the unknown volume"", it was in fact also extremely influential and highly important - it is here that Marx introduces his ""Schemes of Reproduction"", here that he founds his particular macroeconomics, and here that he so famously distinguishes two ""departments"" of production: those producing means of production and those producing means of consumption - ""This very division, as well as the analysis of the relations between these departments, is one of the enduring achievements of Marx's work."" (Christopher J. Arthur and Geert Reuten : The Circulation of Capital. Essays on Volume Two of Marx's Capital. P. 7).The work is divided into three parts: The Metamorphoses of Capital and Their Circuits, The Turnover of Capital, The Reproduction and Circulation of the Aggregate Social Capital, and it is here that we find the main ideas behind the marketplace - how value and surplus-value are realized. Here, as opposed to volume 1 of ""The Capital"", the focus is on the money-owner and -lender, the wholesale-merchant, the trader and the entrepreneur, i.e. the ""functioning capitalist"", rather than worker and the industrialist. ""[i]t was here, in the final part of this book [i.e. vol. II of Das Kapital], that Marx introduced his ""Schemes of Reproduction"", which influenced both Marxian and orthodox economics in the first decades of the twentieth century."" (Arthur & Reuten p. 1).The first volume of ""Das Kapital"" was the only one to appear within Marx' life-time. It appeared 1867, followed by this second volume 18 years later, which Engels prepared from notes left by Karl Marx.‎

‎Marx Karl. Historical Essays # 1. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Is‎

‎Marx Karl. Historical Essays # 1. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Is. Germany in 1848-50. Translation from German. Kyiv. Edition by E. M. Alexeyeva 1905. 108 p. SKUalb22951e5f19e103c8.‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Kapital.‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Kapital.. Criticism of Political Economy. State Publishing House. Moscow-Petrograd. 1923. 767 p. SKUalb531eb8de83e9db1a.‎

‎Marx, sa vie, son oeuvre, avec un exposé de sa philosophie.‎

‎Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, "Les Philosophes", 1964 1 volume In-8° (11,7 x 18,2cm) Broché sous couverture au 1er plat orné d'un grand portrait. 1 feuillet, 131p. Bon état sauf dos apparemment recollé, avec petite tache; charnières un peu frottées; propre à l'intérieur. ‎

‎Vie et exposé de la philosophie de Karl Marx (1818-1883) par le philosophe et sociologue marxiste (antistalinien) Henri LEFEBVRE (1901-1991), suivis d'un choix d'extraits de l'oeuvre du philosophe; bibliographie. 1ère édition, dans la collection fondée par Emile Bréhier. ‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. Vol. 2: The Process of Circ‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. Vol. 2: The Process of Circulation of Capital. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Kapital. Kritika politicheskoy ekonomii. T. 2: Protsess obrashcheniya kapitala. Short description: In Russian (ask us if in doubt).St. Petersburg type. Min. ways of communication 1885. XXI 403 p. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb4e3f262eb5b36814‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. In 3 Volumes In Russian (ask‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. In 3 Volumes In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Kapital. Kritika politicheskoy ekonomii. V 3-kh tomakh Short description: In Russian (ask us if in doubt).Edition 8: Partisan of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (b) 1935. The work was written using a dialectical-materialist approach including historical processes We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalbd43b86a71457a6ca‎

‎Marx Karl. The French Civil War (1870-1871). In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Mar‎

‎Marx Karl. The French Civil War (1870-1871). In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Grazhdanskaya voyna vo Frantsii (1870-1871). With a foreword by F. Engels Odessa Izd-ie Kozman 1905. 60 p. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb12b38f838ccf5ce9‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. Volume Three. Book III. The ‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. Volume Three. Book III. The Process of Capitalist Production taken as a whole. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Kapital. Kritika politicheskoy ekonomii.Tom tretiy.Chast vtoraya. Kniga III. Protsess kapitalisticheskogo proizvodstva vzyatyy v tselom. Chapters XXIX- LII. Moscow: Moscow Book Publishing House. 1908. VI 415 p. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb6aba1cfadfeb3cc5‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. Volume 3 Part One. Book 3. ‎

‎Marx Karl. Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. Volume 3 Part One. Book 3. The Process of Capitalist Production Taken as a whole. Chapters I-XXVIII. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl. Kapital. Kritika politicheskoy ekonomii. Tom 3 Chast pervaya. Kniga 3. Protsess kapitalisticheskogo proizvodstva vzyatyy v tselom. Glavy I-XXVIII. M Moscow Book Publishing House 1907. 820g We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb6c04dad25ce01e27‎

‎Marx Karl (Rosenberg D.I.). Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. In 3 volume‎

‎Marx Karl (Rosenberg D.I.). Capital. Criticism of Political Economy. In 3 volumes. Vol. 1-3. Theories of surplus value. In 3 volumes. Complete set 7 books plus Comments. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Marks Karl (Rozenberg D.I.). Kapital. Kritika politicheskoy ekonomii. V 3-kh tomakh. T. 1-3. Teorii pribavochnoy stoimosti. V 3-kh tomakh. Polnyy komplekt 7 knig plyus Kommentarii. Under the editorship of Friedrich Engels. Translated by I. I. Skvortsov-Stepanov. Moscow: Politizdat. 1978. VIII 907 IV 648 IV 1084 XXVI 476 IV 703 IV 674 p. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb8e1fec99b7913593‎

‎Kapital. Kritika politicheskoj ekonomii. Perevod c nmetskago. Tom pervoej. Kniga I. Protschess proizvodstva Kapitala. (Russian, = The Capital. Critique of the Political Economy. Translated from German. Volume One. Book I [all].). - [FIRST TRANSLATION INTO ANY LANGUAGE OF ""THE BIBLE OF MARXISM""]‎

‎S.-Peterburg, N.I. Poliakov, 1872. Large 8vo. In a nice recent half calf binding with gilt lettering to spine and five raised bands. First few leaves with light soling and a closed tear and a few marginal repairs to title-page. pp. 11-18 with repairs to upper outer corner. Closed tears to last leaf, otherwise a fine copy. XIII, (3), 678 pp. (wanting the half-title).‎

‎First Russian edition (first issue, with the issue-pointers), being the first translation into any language, of Marx' immensely influential main work, probably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century.Marx' groundbreaking ""Das Kapital"" originally appeared in German in 1867, and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime. The very first foreign translation of the work was that into Russian, which, considering Russian censorship at the time, would seem a very unlikely event. But as it happened, ""Das Kapital"" actually came to enjoy greater renown in Russia than in any other country"" for many varying reasons, it won a warm reception in many political quarters in Russia, and it enjoyed a totally unexpected rapid and widespread success. The first Russian translation of ""Das Kapital"" came to have a profound influence the economic development of of Russia. It was frequently quoted in the most important economic and political discussions on how to industrialize Russia and the essential points of the work were seen by many as the essential questions for an industrializing Russia. "" ""Das Kapital"" arrived in Russia just at the moment that the Russian economy was recovering from the slump that followed Emancipation and was beginning to assume capitalist characteristics. Industrialization raised in the minds of the intelligentsia the question of their country's economic destiny. And it was precisely this concern that drew Mikhailovsky and many of the ""intelligenty"" to ""Das Kapital""."" (Resis, p. 232).The story of how the first printing of the first translation of ""Das Kapital"" came about, is quite unexpected. As the ""triumph of Marxism in backward Russia is commonly regarded as a historical anomaly"" (Resis, p. 221), so is the triumph of the first Russian edition of ""Das Kapital"". The main credit for the coming to be of the translation of ""Das Kapital"" must be given to Nicolai Danielson, later a highly important economist in his own right. The idea came from a circle of revolutionary youths in St. Petersburg, including N.F. Danielson, G.A. Lopatin, M.F. Negreskul, and N.N. Liubavin, all four of whom participated in the project. Danielson had read the work shortly after its publication and it had made such an impact on him that he decided to make it available to the Russian reading public. He persuaded N.I. Poliakov to run the risk of publishing it. ""Poliakov, the publisher, specialized in publishing authors, Russian and foreign, considered dangerous by the authorities. Poliakov also frequently subsidized revolutionaries by commissioning them to do translations for his publishing house. Diffusion of advanced ideas rather than profit was no doubt his primary motive in publishing the book."" (Resis, p. 222). Owing to Danielson's initiative, Poliakov engaged first Bakunin, and then Lopatin to do the translation. Danielson himself finished the translation and saw the work through press. It was undeniably his leadership that brought Marx to the Russian reading public. In fact, with the first Russian edition of ""Das Kapital"", Danielson was responsible for the first public success of the revolutionizing work. ""Few scholars today would deny that ""Das Kapital"" has had an enormous effect on history in the past hundred years. Nonetheless, when the book was published in Hamburg on September 5, 1867, it made scarcely a stir, except among German revolutionaries. Marx complained that his work was greeted by ""a conspiracy of silence"" on the part of ""a pack of liberals and vulgar economists."" However desperately he contrived to provoke established economists to take up ""Das Kapital""'s challenge to their work, his efforts came to nought. But in October 1868 Marx received good news from an unexpected source. From Nikolai Frantsevich Danielson, a young economist employed by the St. Petersburg Mutual Credit Society, came a letter informing Marx that N. P. Poliakov, a publisher of that city, desired to publish a Russian translation of the first volume of ""Das Kapital""" moreover, he also wanted to publish the forthcoming second volume. Danielson, the publisher's representative, requested that Marx send him the proofs of volume 2 as they came off the press so that Poliakov could publish both volumes simultaneously. Marx replied immediately. The publication of a Russian edition of volume 1, he wrote, should not be held up, because the completion of volume 2 might be delayed by some six months [in fact, it did not appear in Marx' life-time and was only published ab. 17 years later, in 1885]" and in any case volume 1 represented an independent whole. Danielson proceeded at once to set the project in motion. Nearly four years passed, however, before a Russian translation appeared. Indeed, a year passed before the translation was even begun, and four translators tried their hand at it before Danielson was able to send the manuscript to the printers in late December 1871."" (Resis, pp. 221-22). This explains how the book came to be translated, but how did this main work of revolutionary thought escape the rigid Russian censors? ""By an odd quirk of history the first foreign translation of ""Das Kapital"" to appear was the Russian, which Petersburgers found in their bookshops early in April 1872. Giving his imprimatur, the censor, one Skuratov, had written ""few people in Russia will read it, and still fewer will understand it."" He was wrong: the edition of three thousand sold out quickly"" and in 1880 Marx was writing to his friend F.A. Sorge that ""our success is still greater in Russia, where ""Kapital"" is read and appreciated more than anywhere else."" (PMM 359, p.218). Astonishingly, Within six weeks of the publication date, nine hundred copies of the edition of three thousand had already been sold.""Under the new laws on the press, ""Das Kapital"" could have been proscribed on any number of grounds. The Temporary Rules held, for example, that censorship must not permit publication of works that ""expound the harmful doctrines of socialism or communism"" or works that ""rouse enmity and hatred of one class for another."" The Board of Censors of Foreign Publications was specifically instructed to prohibit importation of works contrary to the tenets of the Orthodox Church or works that led to atheism, materialism, or disrespect for Scriptures. Nor did the recent fate of the works of Marx and Engels at the hands of the censors offer much hope that ""Das Kapital"" would pass censorship. As recently as August 11, the censors of foreign works had decided to ban importation of Engels' ""Die Lage der arbeitenden Klassen in England"", and, according to Lopatin, the censors reprimanded Poliakov for daring to run announcements on book jackets of the forthcoming publication of ""Das Kapital"". By 1872 the censors had prohibited the importation and circulation of all works by Marx and Engels except one - ""Das Kapital"". The book, as we shall see, had already won some recognition in Russia shortly after its publication in Germany. Not until 1871, however, did the censors render a judgment on the book, when the Central Committee of Censors of Foreign Publications, on the recommendation of its reader, permitted importation and circulation of the book both in the original language and in translation. The official reader had described the book as ""a difficult, inaccessible, strictly scientific work,"" implying that it could scarcely pose a danger to the state. [...] The length and complexity of the book prompted the office to divide the task of scrutinizing it between two readers, D. Skuratov, who read the first half of the book, and A. De-Roberti, who read the last half. Skuratov dutifully listed objectionable socialist and antireligious passages, taking special note of Marx's harsh attack on the land reforms General Kiselev had instituted in the Danubian Principalities. But in his report Skuratov dismissed these attacks as harmless, since they were imbedded in a ""colossal mass of abstruse, somewhat obscure politico-economic argumentation."" Indeed, he regarded the work as its own best antidote to sedition. ""It can be confidently stated,"" he wrote, ""that in Russia few will read it and even fewer will understand it."" Second, he said, the book could do little harm. Since the book attacked a system rather than individual persons, Skuratov implied that the book would not incite acts threatening the safety of the royal family and government officials. Third, he believed that the argument of the book did not apply to Russia. Marx attacked the unbridled competition practiced in the British factory system, and such attacks, Skuratov asserted, could find no target in Russia because the tsarist regime did not pursue a policy of laissez faire. Indeed, at that very moment, Skuratov stated, a special commission had drafted a plan that ""as zealously protects the workers' well-being from abuses on the part of the employers as it protects the employers' interests against lack of discipline and nonfulfillment of obligations on the part of the workers."" Repeating most of Skuratov's views, De-Roberti also noted that the book contained a good account of the impact of the factory system and the system of unpaid labor time that prevailed in the West. In spite of the obvious socialist tendency of the book, he concluded, a court case could scarcely be made against it, because the censors of foreign works had already agreed to permit importation and circulation of the German edition. With the last barrier removed, on March 27, 1872, the Russian translation of ""Das Kapital"" went on sale in the Russian Empire. The publisher, translators, and advocates of the book had persevered in the project for nearly four years until they were finally able to bring the book to the Russian reading public."" (Resis, pp. 220-22). The Russian authorities quickly realized, however, that Skuratov's statement could not have been more wrong, and the planned second edition of the Russian translation was forbidden"" thus it came to be published in New York, in 1890. That second edition is nearly identical to the first, which can be distinguished by the misplaced comma opposite ""p. 73"" in the table of contents (replaced by a full stop in the 2nd ed.) and the ""e"" at the end of l. 40 on p. 65 (replaced by a ""c"" in the 2nd ed.). A third edition, translated from the fourth German edition, appeared in 1898. Volumes 2 and 3 of ""Das Kapital"" appeared in Russian translation, also by Danielson, in 1885 and 1896.See: Albert Resis, Das Kapital Comes to Russia, in: Slavic Review, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Jun., 1970), pp. 219-237.‎