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19th (1)
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Ueber die lichtelektrische Wirkung.
(Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1902). No wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge. Band 8, No 5. Pp. 1-232 a. 1 folded plate. (Entire issue offered, No. 5). Lenard's paper: pp. 149-198. The block is punched in inner margins after cords. Punching does not affects the text. Fine and clean.
First printing of Lenard's famous paper in which he made the crucial discovery that the electron energy showed not the slightest dependence on the light intensity', a fact to be explained in 1905 by the existence of light-quanta by Einstein.""In 1902 Lenard succeeded in discovering importent properties of the photoelectric effect. He found that as the intensity of the light increases the number of electrons set free rises, but their velocity remains unaffected: the velocity depends solely on the wavelenght. The interpretation of this relationship was provided in 1905 by Albert Einstein's hypothesis of light quanta. In 1905 Lenard received the Nobel Prize in physics for his cathode ray experiments"" and in 1907 he succeede Quincke as professor and director of the physics and radiology laboratory at the University of Heidelberg...(The Laboratory was renamed the Philipp Lenard Laboratory in 1935).""(DSB VIII, p. 181). - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1902 P.
Ueber Kathodestrahlen in Gase von atmosphärischen Druck und im äussersten Vacuum. (On cathode rays in gases under atmospheric pressure and in extreme vacua).
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1894. Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 51, No. 2. (Entire issue offered). Pp. 225-416 a. 2 plates. Lenard's paper: pp. 225-267 a. 1 arge folded lithographed plate, showing the apparatus. Clean and fine.
First appearance of Lenard's importent paper on cathode rays for the work on which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1905.""After many experiments with aluminium foil of various thickness he was able to publish, in 1894 the paper offered), his great discovery that the plate of quartz that had, until then, been used to close the discharge tube, could be replace by a thin plate of aluminium foil just thick enough to maintain the vacuum inside the tube, but yet thin enough to allow the cathode rays to pass out. It thus became possible to study the cathode rays, and also the fluorescence they caused, outside the discharge tube and Lenard concluded from the experiments that he then did that the cathode rays were propagated through the air for distances of the order of a decimetre and that they travel in a vacuum for several metres without being weakened. Although Lenard at first followed Hertz in believing that the cathode rays were propagated in the ether, he later abandoned this view as the result of the work of Jean Perrin in 1895, Sir J.J. Thomson in 1897 and W. Wien in 1897, which proved the corpuscular nature of the cathode rays.""(Nobel Prize.org).Shiers ""Early Television"" no 239.
Über die Absorption von Kathodenstrahlen verschiedener Geschwindigkeit. - [THE FIRST SCATTERING EXPERIMENT]
Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1903. 8vo. In full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 12. Entire volume offered. Library labels to front end papers and stamp to title page, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 714-44. [Entire volume: VIII, 1184 pp. + 3 plates.].
First appearance of Lenard's important paper in which he for the first time documented that cathode rays can traverse atoms themselves thus creating the very first scattering experiment.""In 1903 Lenard studied in detail the absorption of cathode rays, i.e., electrons, by different materials. He found that they can traverse quite thick layers of solid matter and concluded that the cathode rays must be able to traverse the atoms themselves. He therefore assumed that the atoms are composed of 'finer constituents' which he called dynamides, ' with many free spaces between them' such that the cathode rays could pass through these free spaces. Lenard was the first to probe the structure of the atom by shooting particles at it. Such scattering experiments with atoms or its constituents as targets are done to this day."" (The Harvest of a Century).""Lenard was in fact able to infer from the absorption of the cathode rays by matter the correct conclusion that the effective center of the atom is concentrated in a tiny fraction of the atomic volume previously accepted in the kinetic theory of gases. Lenard’s ""dynamide"" was an important predecessor of the atomic model of Rutherford, who in 1910-1911, on the basis of the deflections of a particles, drew the same conclusion as Lenard had earlier from the scattering of electrons."" (DSB).
