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‎The Printing of Modern Books Being a Paper Read before the Bibliographical Society on June XIX MDCCCXCIII‎

‎London Chas. T. Jacobi 1893 ‎

‎First Edition. Softback in sewn binding. The paper covers are somewhat marked and with a small chip to the top corner. A touch of nicking to the edges. Internally clean and tidy throughout. The paper is reprinted from the transaction and proceedings of the Bibliographical Society. 24 pages. 170 by 100 mm (6Ÿ by 4 inches).‎

‎Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen an den Herrn Moses Mendelssohn. Neue vermehrte Auflage. - [THE FIRST EVER TRANSLATION OF BRUNO'S ""DE UNO ET CAUSA""...]‎

‎Breslau, Gottl. Löwe, 1789, 8vo. Very beautiful contemporary red full calf binding with five raised bands and gilt green leather title-label to richly gilt spine. elaborate gilt borders to boards, inside which a ""frame"" made up of gilt dots, with giltcorner-ornamentations. Edges of boards gilt and inner gilt dentelles. All edges gilt. Minor light brownspotting. Marginal staining to the last leaves. Engraved frontispiece-portrait of Spinoza, engraved title-vignette (double-portrait, of Lessing and Mendelssohn), engraved end-vignette (portrait of Jacobi). Frontispiece, title-page, LI, (1, -errata), 440 pp. Magnificent copy.‎

‎First edition thus, being the seminal second edition, the ""neue vermehrte Auflage"" (new and expanded edition), which has the hugely important 180 pp. of ""Beylage"" for the first time, which include the first translation into any language of any part of Giordano Bruno's ""de Uno et Causa..."" (pp. 261-306) as well as several other pieces of great importance to the ""Pantheismusstreit"" and to the interpretation of the philosophy of Spinoza and Leibniz, here for the first time in print. The present translation of Bruno seems to be the earliest translation of any of Bruno's works into German, and one of the earliest translations of Bruno at all - as far as we can establish, the second, only preceded by an 18th century translation into English of ""Spaccio della bestia trionfante"". It is with the present edition of Jacobi's work that the interest in Bruno is founded and with which Bruno is properly introduced to the modern world. Jacobi not only provides what is supposedly the second earliest translation of any of Bruno's works ever to appear, he also establishes the great influence that Bruno had on two of our greatest thinkers, Spinoza and Leibnitz. It is now generally accepted that Spinoza founds his ethical thought upon Bruno and that Lebnitz has taken his concept of the ""Monads"" from him. It is Jacobi who, with the second edition of his ""Letters on Spinoza..."", for the first time ever puts Bruno where he belongs and establishes his position as one of the key figures of modern philosophy and thought. Bruno's works, the first editions of which are all of the utmost scarcity, were not reprinted in their time, and new editions of them did not begin appearing until the 19th century. For three centuries his works had been hidden away in libraries, where only few people had access to them. Thus, as important as his teachings were, thinkers of the ages to come were largely reliant on more or less reliable renderings and reproductions of his thoughts. As Jacobi states in the preface to the second edition of his ""Letters on Spinoza..."", ""There appears in this new edition, under the title of Appendices (""Beylage""), different essays, of which I will here first give an account. The first Appendix is an excerpt from the extremely rare book ""De la causa, principio, et Uno"", by Jordan Bruno. This strange man was born, one knows not in which year, in Nola, in the Kingdom of Naples"" and died on February 17th 1600 in Rome on the stake. With great diligence Brucker has been gathering information on him, but in spite of that has only been able to deliver fragments [not in translation]. For a long time his works were, partly neglected due to their obscurity, partly not respected due to the prejudice against the new opinions and thoughts expressed in them, and partly loathed and suppressed due to the dangerous teachings they could contain. On these grounds, the current scarcity of his works is easily understood. Brucker could only get to see the work ""De Minimo"", La Croce only had the book ""De Immenso et Innumerabilibus"" in front of him, or at least he only provides excerpts from this [also not in translation], as Heumann does only from the ""Physical Theorems"" [also small fragments, not in translation]"" also Bayle had, of Bruno's metaphysical works, himself also merely read this work, of which I here provide an excerpt."" (Vorrede, pp. (VII)-VIII - own translation from the German). Jacobi continues by stating that although everyone complains about the obscurity of Bruno's teachings and thoughts, some of the greatest thinkers, such as Gassendi, Descartes, ""and our own Leibnitz"" (p. IX) have taken important parts of their theorems and teachings from him. ""I will not discuss this further, and will merely state as to the great obscurity (""grossen Dunkelheit"") of which people accuse Bruno, that I have found this in neither his book ""de la Causa"" nor in ""De l'Infinito Universo et Mondi"", of which I will speak implicitly on another occasion. As to the first book, my readers will be able to judge for themselves from the sample (""Probe"") that I here present. My excerpt can have become a bit more comprehensible due to the fact that I have only presented the System of Bruno himself, the ""Philosophia Nolana"" which he himself calls it, in its continuity... My main purpose with this excerpt is, by uniting Bruno with Spinoza, at the same time to show and explain the ""Summa of Philosophy"" (""Summa der Philosophie"") of ""En kai Pan"" [in Greek characters - meaning ""One and All""]. ... It is very difficult to outline ""Pantheism"" in its broader sense more purely and more beautifully than Bruno has done."" (Vorrede pp. IX-XI - own translation from the German). So not only does Jacobi here provide this groundbreaking piece of Bruno's philosophy in the first translation ever, and not only does he provide one of the most important interpretations of Spinoza's philosophy and establishes the importance of Bruno to much of modern thought, he also presents Bruno as the primary exponent of ""pantheism"", thereby using Bruno to change the trajectory of modern thought and influencing all philosophy of the decades to come. After the second edition of Jacobi's ""Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza"", no self-respecting thinker could neglect the teachings of Bruno"" he could no longer be written off as having ""obscure"" and insignificant teachings, and one could no longer read Spinoza nor Leibnitz without thinking of Bruno. It is with this edition that the world rediscovers Bruno, never to forget him again.WITH THE FIRST EDITION OF ""UEBER DIE LEHRE DES SPINOZA"" (1785), JACOBI BEGINS THE FAMOUS ""PATHEISMUSSTREIT"", which focused attention on the apparent conflict between human freedom and any systematic, philosophical interpretation of reality. In 1780, Jacobi (1743-1819), famous for coining the term nihilism, advocating ""belief"" and ""revelation"" instead of speculative reason, thereby anticipating much of present-day literature, and for his critique of the Sturm-und-Drang-era, had a conversation with Lessing, in which Lessing stated that the only true philosophy was Spinozism. This led Jacobi to a protracted and serious study of Spinoza's works. After Lessing's death, in 1783 Jacobi began a lengthy letter-correspondende with Mendelssohn, a close friend of Lessing, on the philosophy of Spinoza. These letters, with commentaries by Jacobi, are what constitute the first edition of ""Ueber die lehre des Spinoza"", as well as the first part of the second edition. The second edition is of much greater importance, however, due to greatly influential Appendices. The work caused great furor and the enmity of the Enlightenment thinkers. Jacobi was ridiculed by his contemporaries for attempting to reintroduce into philosophy belief instead of reason, was seen as an enemy of reason and Enlightenment, as a pietist, and as a Jesuit. But the publication of the work not only caused great furor in wider philosophical circles, there was also a personal side to the scandal which has made it one of the most debated books of the period: ""Mendelssohn enjoyed, as noted at the outset, a lifelong friendship with G. E. Lessing... Along with Mendelssohn, Lessing embraced the idea of a purely rational religion and would endorse Mendelssohn's declaration: ""My religion recognizes no obligation to resolve doubt other than through rational means"" and it commands no mere faith in eternal truths"" (Gesammelte Schriften, Volume 3/2, p. 205). To pietists of the day, such declarations were scandalous subterfuges of an Enlightenment project of assimilating religion to natural reason... While Mendelssohn skillfully avoided that confrontation, he found himself reluctantly unable to remain silent when, after Lessing's death, F. H. Jacobi contended that Lessing embraced Spinoza's pantheism and thus exemplified the Enlightenment's supposedly inevitable descent into irreligion.Following private correspondence with Jacobi on the issue and an extended period when Jacobi (in personal straits at the time) did not respond to his objections, Mendelssohn attempted to set the record straight about Lessing's Spinozism in ""Morning Hours"". Learning of Mendelssohn's plans incensed Jacobi who expected to be consulted first and who accordingly responded by publishing, without Mendelssohn's consent, their correspondence - ""On the Teaching of Spinoza in Letters to Mr. Moses Mendelssohn"" - a month before the publication of ""Morning Hours"". Distressed on personal as well as intellectual levels by the controversy over his departed friend's pantheism, Mendelssohn countered with a hastily composed piece, ""To the Friends of Lessing: an Appendix to Mr. Jacobi's Correspondence on the Teaching of Spinoza"". According to legend, so anxious was Mendelssohn to get the manuscript to the publisher that, forgetting his overcoat on a bitterly cold New Year's eve, he delivered the manuscript on foot to the publisher. That night he came down with a cold from which he died four days later, prompting his friends to charge Jacobi with responsibility for Mendelssohn's death.The sensationalist character of the controversy should not obscure the substance and importance of Mendelssohn's debate with Jacobi. Jacobi had contended that Spinozism is the only consistent position for a metaphysics based upon reason alone and that the only solution to this metaphysics so detrimental to religion and morality is a leap of faith, that salto mortale that poor Lessing famously refused to make. Mendelssohn counters Jacobi's first contention by attempting to demonstrate the metaphysical inconsistency of Spinozism. He takes aim at Jacobi's second contention by demonstrating how the ""purified Spinozism"" or ""refined pantheism"" embraced by Lessing is, in the end, only nominally different from theism and thus a threat neither to religion nor to morality."" (SEP).The Beylagen, which are not included in the 1785 first edition and only appear with the 1789 second edition, include: I. Auszug aus Jordan Bruno von Nola. Von der Ursache, dem Princip und dem Einen (p. 261-306) II. Diokles an Diotime über den Atheismus (p. 307-327) translation of Lettre ... sur l'Athéisme by F. Hemsterhuis.‎

‎Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen an den Herrn Moses Mendelssohn. - [INITIATING THE PANTHEISMUSSTREIT - PRESENTATION-COPY]‎

‎Breslau, Löwe, 1785. 8vo. Nice contemporary half calf with five raised bands, gilt lines, and gilt title-label to spine. A bit of wear to extremities. Internally very nice and clean. Printed on good paper. A stamp to title-page (Holsteinborg). Inscribed by the author on front free end-paper. (8)215, (1, - errata) pp.‎

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‎A magnificent presentation-copy of the rare first edition, first issue (with the ""S. das Gedicht am Ende des Briefes""-note on p. 11) of this milestone of 18th century thought, one of the most scandalous books of its time, the work that reintroduced Spinoza to a society otherwise dominated by French Enlightenment thinking, and the work that begain the famous ""Pantheismusstreit"", one of the most important feuds in German philosophy. Presentation-copies by Jacobi are of the utmost scarcity and hardly ever come on the market. The present copy bears a two-line inscription to the famous physician Philipp Hensler, signed ""The Author"", on the front free end-paper: ""Seinem verehrtesten Gönner und lieben/ Freunde, dem Herrn Hensler in Altona/ Der Verfasser"". The city of Altona plays a significant role in late 18th century German thought, as many of the most important thinkers of the period pass through there. In the late 18th century, Altona developed into the centre of Enlightenment in Northern Germany. It is here that Jacobi meets Hensel, who comes to play an important role in his life, as is also evident from the present inscription (""honoured benefactor and dear friend""). Philipp Gabriel Hensler (1733-1805) was a famous German doctor, an outstanding physician, who is still famous today for his pioneering work in hygiene statistics and in pox-inoculation. He was so famous in his time that for a time he was the preferred choice for the position of private doctor to the Danish King Christian VII, right up until that historical moment when Struensee was chosen instead. When Struensee was given the position, Hensler was given Struensee's old position as physician in Altona. With the first edition of ""Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza"" (1785), Jacobi begins the famous ""PATHEISMUSSTREIT"", which focused attention on the apparent conflict between human freedom and any systematic, philosophical interpretation of reality. In 1780, Jacobi (1743-1819), famous for coining the term nihilism, advocating ""belief"" and ""revelation"" instead of speculative reason, thereby anticipating much of present-day literature, and for his critique of the Sturm-und-Drang-era, had a conversation with Lessing, in which Lessing stated that the only true philosophy was Spinozism. This led Jacobi to a protracted and serious study of Spinoza's works. After Lessing's death, in 1783 Jacobi began a lengthy letter-correspondende with Mendelssohn, a close friend of Lessing, on the philosophy of Spinoza. These letters, with commentaries by Jacobi, are what constitute the first edition of ""Ueber die lehre des Spinoza"". The work caused great furor and the enmity of the Enlightenment thinkers. Jacobi was ridiculed by his contemporaries for attempting to reintroduce into philosophy belief instead of reason, was seen as an enemy of reason and Enlightenment, as a pietist, and as a Jesuit. But the publication of the work not only caused great furor in wider philosophical circles, there was also a personal side to the scandal which has made it one of the most debated books of the period: ""Mendelssohn enjoyed, as noted at the outset, a lifelong friendship with G. E. Lessing... Along with Mendelssohn, Lessing embraced the idea of a purely rational religion and would endorse Mendelssohn's declaration: ""My religion recognizes no obligation to resolve doubt other than through rational means"" and it commands no mere faith in eternal truths"" (Gesammelte Schriften, Volume 3/2, p. 205). To pietists of the day, such declarations were scandalous subterfuges of an Enlightenment project of assimilating religion to natural reason... While Mendelssohn skillfully avoided that confrontation, he found himself reluctantly unable to remain silent when, after Lessing's death, F. H. Jacobi contended that Lessing embraced Spinoza's pantheism and thus exemplified the Enlightenment's supposedly inevitable descent into irreligion.Following private correspondence with Jacobi on the issue and an extended period when Jacobi (in personal straits at the time) did not respond to his objections, Mendelssohn attempted to set the record straight about Lessing's Spinozism in ""Morning Hours"". Learning of Mendelssohn's plans incensed Jacobi who expected to be consulted first and who accordingly responded by publishing, without Mendelssohn's consent, their correspondence - ""On the Teaching of Spinoza in Letters to Mr. Moses Mendelssohn"" - a month before the publication of ""Morning Hours"". Distressed on personal as well as intellectual levels by the controversy over his departed friend's pantheism, Mendelssohn countered with a hastily composed piece, ""To the Friends of Lessing: an Appendix to Mr. Jacobi's Correspondence on the Teaching of Spinoza"". According to legend, so anxious was Mendelssohn to get the manuscript to the publisher that, forgetting his overcoat on a bitterly cold New Year's eve, he delivered the manuscript on foot to the publisher. That night he came down with a cold from which he died four days later, prompting his friends to charge Jacobi with responsibility for Mendelssohn's death.The sensationalist character of the controversy should not obscure the substance and importance of Mendelssohn's debate with Jacobi. Jacobi had contended that Spinozism is the only consistent position for a metaphysics based upon reason alone and that the only solution to this metaphysics so detrimental to religion and morality is a leap of faith, that salto mortale that poor Lessing famously refused to make. Mendelssohn counters Jacobi's first contention by attempting to demonstrate the metaphysical inconsistency of Spinozism. He takes aim at Jacobi's second contention by demonstrating how the ""purified Spinozism"" or ""refined pantheism"" embraced by Lessing is, in the end, only nominally different from theism and thus a threat neither to religion nor to morality."" (SEP).The first unpaginated leaves contain the first printings of two of Goethe's famous poems: ""Das Göttliche"" and ""Prometheus""(Hagen 577). ‎

‎Peter Jacobi. Ritzi Jacobi.‎

‎ Galerie Nationale d'Art textile 1984 1 vol. broché in-8 carré, broché, couverture en couleurs, 98 pp., nombreuses reproductions en noir et en couleurs. Très bon état.‎

‎Auflösungen und Beweise einer Reihe von Aufgaben und Lehrsätzen der ebenen Geometrie (+) Beweis eines geometrischen Satzes.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1846. 4to. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 31 Band, 2. Heft, 1846"". In the original printed wrappers, without backstrip. Fine and clean. [Jacobi:] Pp. 93-110"" Pp. 178-180. [Entire issue: Pp. 93-180, (2) + 2 plates.].‎

‎First printing of two papers by Jacobi on geometry.""Most of Jacobi's fundamental research articles in the theory of elliptic functions, mathematical analysis, number theory, geometry, and me-chanics were published in Crelle's Journal fue die reine and angewandte Mathematik. With an average of three articles per volume, Jacobi was one of its most active contributors and quickly helped to establish its international fame. Yet his tireless occupation with research did not impair his teaching. On the contrary- never satisfied to lecture along trodden paths, Jacobi presented the substance of his own investigations to his students. He would lecture up to eight or ten hours a week on his favorite subject, the theory of elliptic functions, thus demanding the utmost from his listeners. He also inaugurated what was then a complete novelty in mathematics-research seminars-assembling the more advanced students and attracting his nearest colleagues."" (DSB). ‎

‎Über die Vertauschung von Parameter und Argument bei der dritten Gattung der Abelschen und höhern Transcendenten (+) Über einige der Binomialreihe analoge Reihen (+) Über eine neue Methode zur Integration der hyperelliptischen Differentialgleichungen ...‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1846. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle, 32. Band, Drittes Heft"". No backstrip. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 185-196" Pp. 197-204" Pp. 220-226.‎

‎First printing of three paper's by Jacobi on differential mathematics and Abelian functions.""Most of Jacobi's fundamental research articles in the theory of elliptic functions, mathematical analysis, number theory, geometry, and me-chanics were published in Crelle's Journal fue die reine and angewandte Mathematik. With an average of three articles per volume, Jacobi was one of its most active contributors and quickly helped to establish its international famenone of his gifted students could escape his spell: they were drawn into his sphere of thought, worked along the manifold lines he sug-gested, and soon represented a ""school"". C. W. Borchardt, E. Heine, L. O. Hesse, F. J. Richelot, J. Rosenhain, and P. L. von Seidel belonged to this circle"" they contributed much to the dissemination not only of Jacobi’s mathematical creations but also of the new research-oriented attitude in university instruction. The triad of Bessel, Jacobi, and Neumann thus became the nucleus of a revival of mathematics at German universities.."" (DSB)‎

‎Untersuchungen über die Differentialgleichung der hypergeometrischen Reihe. - [JACOBI POLYNOMIALS]‎

‎Berlin, Georg Reimer, 1859. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", Bd. 56, 1859. Entire volume offered. Fine and clean. 149-65 pp. [Entire volume: IV, 375, (1) pp.].‎

‎First printing of Jacobi's paper (published posthumously) in which Jacobi polynomials was first introduced. Jacobi polynomials (occasionally called hypergeometric polynomials) are a class of classical orthogonal polynomials. The Gegenbauer polynomials, and thus also the Legendre, Zernike and Chebyshev polynomials, are special cases of the Jacobi polynomials.‎

‎De motu puncti singularis. - [SOLUTION TO THE INVERSE-SQUARE PROBLEM]‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1842. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle, 24. Band, erstes Heft"". No backstrip. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 5-27. [Entire issue: (6), 99 pp.].‎

‎First printing of this important memoire by Jacobi in which Jacobi presented his solution to the inverse-square problem. ""In a memoir written in Latin, Jacobi published in 1842 a simple, concise, and elegant solution of the inverse-square problem. This note argues that Jacobi's solution has not attracted the attention that it deserves and that it should prove valuable to teachers and students in introductory mechanics courses. A translation of the excerpt in which Jacobi describes his solution is given, and the method is then recast in the now more familiar language of vectors."" (Gauthier)‎

‎Extraits de deux lettres de M. Charles Hermite a M. Jacobi. - [THE VERY FIRST RESEARCH BY HERMITE]‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1846. 4to. No wrappers. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 32. Band, 1846"". Entire issue offered.‎

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‎First appearance of these two fundamental letters, representing the very first research by Hermite, sent from Charles Hermite to Jacobi"" the letter first in January 1843, the second in august 1944. Hermite's first letter is on the extension of Abelian functions of the theorem given by Abel on the division of the argument of elliptic functions and begins as follows: ""The study of your memoir published in Crelle's journal under the title 'De functionibus quadruliciter periodicis quibus theoria transcendentium Abelianarum innititur' has led me, for the division of the argument in these functions to a theorem analogous to that which you have given in the third volume of that journal for obtaining the simplest expression of the roots of the equation treated by Abel"". Hermite shows that the corresponding equations are soluble by radicals and he treats of the reduction of the equation in the case of the division of complete functions. Hermite's second letter gives the proof of the formula for the transformation of elliptic functions which Jacobi had given without proof six years before. ""These two letters, embodying as they do the first original researches of Hermite, were given by Jacobi the same cordial reception as had been accorded to his first letter of 1827 by Legendre. Writing on the 24th June, 1843, in reply to Hermite's first letter, Jacobi says ""I thank you very sincerely for the beautiful and important communication which you have made to me about the division of Abelian functions. You have opened, by the discovery of this division, a vast field of researches and new discoveries which will give a great impetus to the analytical art."" (Prasad, Some Great Mathematicians of the Nineteenth Century).‎

‎Observatio arithmetica de numero classium divisorum quadraticorum formae yy + Azz, designante A numerum primum formae 4n+3.‎

‎[Berlin, G. Reimer, 1832]. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 1832, Pp. 189-192.‎

‎First appearance of Jacobi's very first paper on class number formula. The search for a class number formula probably began with Gauss, but the first formula in print was proposed by Jacobi (1832). He conjectured it on the evidence of some results of Cauchy in the theory of circle division, and his own brilliant extrapolation (or einduction"" as they called it then) from numerical results. Jacobi's formula was correct, but by no means proved by him. In a memorial speech for Jacobi, Dirichlet later said ""I believe it should be mentioned, regarding the previously unknown origin of this result, that Jacobi's communication is a noteworthyexample of shrewd induction, even though it is not possible to base a rigorous proof on circle division" it appears necessary to use essentially different principles, involving integral calculus and the theory of series, which were only later introduced into the subject. (Dirichlet, 1852).‎

‎Ueberflüssiges Taschenbuch für das Jahr 1800, dazu eine Vorrede von Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi.‎

‎Hamburg, bey Friedrich Perthes. (1799). 12°. Gestochenes Frontispiz und Titel, 8 n.n. Bl. Kalendarium, VIII S., 230 S. und 6 gestochene Tafeln. Pappband der Zeit mit schönen Marmorpapierbezügen, zwei braunen goldgeprägten Lederrückenschildchen und etwas Rückenvergoldung, einfacher Deckelfiletierung, Ganzgoldschnitt.‎

‎Lanckoronska-Rümann 55. - Goedeke IV/1, 671, 53 (Jacobi) und VIII, 59, 49. - Köhring 107. - Einziger unter diesem Titel und bei Perthes erschienener Jahrgang. Jacobi gab von 1795 - 1799 bei Nicolovius in Königsberg das "Taschenbuch von J.G. Jacobi und seinen Freunden" aus dem Goethekreis heraus. Mit einem allegorischen Titelkupfer von J.W. Meil, sowie sechs Landschaftskupfern von Hamburg und Eutin nach Strack, Rosenberg u.a. von Lütke, Darnstedt und Veith gestochen. Mit literarischen Beiträgen des Herausgebers und seinem Bruder, Johann Gottfried Herder, Jean Paul, Johann Heinrich Voss, Jens Baggesen, Friedrich von Zinck, F.L. Stolberg, Pfeffel, Matthias Claudius,, Klopstock. - Exemplar auf besserem Papier, sehr breitrandig und fleckenlos. Einbandecken minimal bestossen. Rücken mit 2 kleinsten Fehlstellen im Papierbezug. - So schön sehr selten.‎

‎Uber die Differentialgleichung, welcher die Reihen 1 ± 2q etc. Geniige leisten (+) Über die particuläre Lösung der partiellen Diffenrentialgleichung ... (+)‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1848. 4to. In the original wrappers, no backstrip. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle, 36. Band, Zweites [2] Heft"". Entire issue offered. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 97-113. [Entire volume: 97-184, (4) pp. + 1 plate].‎

‎First printing of these two papers influential papers by Jacobi published in the epoch-making year 1848.""In the revolutionary year of 1848 Jacobi became involved in a political discussion in the Constitutional Club. During an impromptu speech he made some imprudent remarks which brought him under fire from monarchists and republicans alike. Hardly two years before, in the dedication of volume I of his Opuscula mathematica to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, he had expressed his royalist attitude"" now he had become an object of suspicion to the government. A petition of Jacobi’s to become officially associated with the University of Berlin, and thus to obtain a secure status, was denied by the ministry of education. Moreover, in June 1849 the bonus on his salary was retracted. Jacobi, who had lost his inherited fortune in a bankruptcy years before, had to give up his Berlin home. He moved into an inn and his wife and children took up residence in the small town of Gotha, where life was considerably less expensive."" (DSB).‎

‎Über die unmittelbare verification einer Fundamentalformel der Theorie der elliptischen Functionen (+) Über die partielle Differentialgleichung, welcher die Zähler und Nenner der elliptischen Functionen.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1848. 4to. In the original wrappers, no backstrip. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle, 36. Band, Erstes [1] Heft"". Entire issue offered. A fine and clean copy. Pp. 75-89. [Entire volume: IV, (2), 96, (2) pp.].‎

‎First printing of these two papers influential papers by Jacobi published in the epoch-making year 1848.""In the revolutionary year of 1848 Jacobi became involved in a political discussion in the Constitutional Club. During an impromptu speech he made some imprudent remarks which brought him under fire from monarchists and republicans alike. Hardly two years before, in the dedication of volume I of his Opuscula mathematica to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, he had expressed his royalist attitude"" now he had become an object of suspicion to the government. A petition of Jacobi’s to become officially associated with the University of Berlin, and thus to obtain a secure status, was denied by the ministry of education. Moreover, in June 1849 the bonus on his salary was retracted. Jacobi, who had lost his inherited fortune in a bankruptcy years before, had to give up his Berlin home. He moved into an inn and his wife and children took up residence in the small town of Gotha, where life was considerably less expensive."" (DSB).‎

‎Über die Pfaffsche Methode, eine gewöhnliche lineare Differentialgleichung zwischen 2n Variabein durch ein System von n Gleichungen zu integriren.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1832. 4to. As extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 1832, band 8"". Without backstrip. Fine and clean. Pp. 347-57 [Entire extract: Pp. 347-384 ].‎

‎First appearance of Jacobi's paper on the Pfaffian method. ""Most of Jacobi's fundamental research articles in the theory of elliptic functions, mathematical analysis, number theory, geometry, and me-chanics were published in Crelle's Journal fue die reine and angewandte Mathematik. With an average of three articles per volume, Jacobi was one of its most active contributors and quickly helped to establish its international fame. Yet his tireless occupation with research did not impair his teaching. On the contrary- never satisfied to lecture along trodden paths, Jacobi presented the substance of his own investigations to his students. He would lecture up to eight or ten hours a week on his favorite subject, the theory of elliptic functions, thus demanding the utmost from his listeners. He also inaugurated what was then a complete novelty in mathematics-research seminars-assembling the more advanced students and attracting his nearest colleagues."" (DSB). ‎

‎De resolutione aequationum per series infinitas.‎

‎(Berlin, G. Reimer, 1830). 4to. No wrappers. Extracted from""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle, 6. Band"". No backstrip. A fine and clean copy. [Jacobi:] pp. 257-286. [Entire issue: Pp. 215-310 + 1 folded plate.].‎

‎First printing of Jacobi's paper on infinit series. ""Most of Jacobi's fundamental research articles in the theory of elliptic functions, mathematical analysis, number theory, geometry, and me-chanics were published in Crelle's Journal fue die reine and angewandte Mathematik. With an average of three articles per volume, Jacobi was one of its most active contributors and quickly helped to establish its international fame."" (DSB)‎

‎Sur la rotation d'un corps.‎

‎(Berlin, Georg Reimer, 1850). 4to. Later marbled wrappers. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 39. Band, 24 Heft. Jacobi's paper takes up the whole issue . pp. 293-350.‎

‎First printing of main paper in Rigic Body Dynamics, where Jacobi studied the motion of a top and derived the analytic solution for the motion of a free body and defined the so-called ""Jacobi analytic functions"". The problem was first treated by Leonhard Euler in 1758 in the case where the fixed point is the centre of gravity of the top, but it was Jacobi who first solved the problem completely, making use of elliptic functions which he himself had introduced.‎

‎Ueber die integration der partiellen differentialgleichungen erster ordnung.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1832. 4to. As extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 1832, band 8"". Without backstrip. Fine and clean. Pp. 317-329 [Entire extract: Pp. 307-346 ].‎

‎First appearance of Jacobi's paper on the integration of partial differential equations of first order.""Most of Jacobi's fundamental research articles in the theory of elliptic functions, mathematical analysis, number theory, geometry, and me-chanics were published in Crelle's Journal fue die reine and angewandte Mathematik. With an average of three articles per volume, Jacobi was one of its most active contributors and quickly helped to establish its international fame. Yet his tireless occupation with research did not impair his teaching. On the contrary- never satisfied to lecture along trodden paths, Jacobi presented the substance of his own investigations to his students. He would lecture up to eight or ten hours a week on his favorite subject, the theory of elliptic functions, thus demanding the utmost from his listeners. He also inaugurated what was then a complete novelty in mathematics-research seminars-assembling the more advanced students and attracting his nearest colleagues."" (DSB). ‎

‎Sur de notices sur les fonctions elliptiques (Jacobi). (+ Abel:) Théorèmes sur les fonctions elliptiques. (+ Abel:) Démonstration d'une proprieté générale d'une certaine classe de fonctions transcendentes.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1829. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 4. Bd., Heft 2. - Jacobi's paper PP. 185-193. Abel's papers pp. 194-199 a. 200-214.‎

‎First printing. The first two papers relates to the discovery of ""Elliptic Functions"" by its two discoverers, Abel and Jacobi (a paper issued before his classic treatise ""Fundamenta Nova..."") on elliptic functions.‎

‎Elementarer Beweis einer merkwürdigen analytischen Formel, nebst einigen aus ihr folgenden Zahlensätzen.‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1840. 4to. In ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 1848."". Without backstrip. Fine and clean. Pp.: 13-32 [Entire volume: 13-100 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Jacobi's proof an analytical formula. ""Most of Jacobi's fundamental research articles in the theory of elliptic functions, mathematical analysis, number theory, geometry, and me-chanics were published in Crelle's Journal fue die reine and angewandte Mathematik. With an average of three articles per volume, Jacobi was one of its most active contributors and quickly helped to establish its international fame."" (DSB)‎

‎Nachrichten von Büchern. - [JACOBI'S REVIEW OF LEGENDRE]‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1832. 4to. As extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 1832, band 8"". Without backstrip. Fine and clean. Pp. 413-17.‎

‎First appearance of Jacobi's review of Legendre's third supplement to his Traité des fonctions elliptiques et des intégrales eulériennes. The review has often been used by historians of mathematics to document the good relationship between Legendre and Jacobi.‎

‎Collection of 4 Memoirs: 1. De formatione et proprietatibus Determinantium. 2. De determinantibus functionalibus. 3. De functionibus alternantibus earumque divisione per productum e differentiis elementorum conflatum. - 4. Zum combinatorischen Analysis. - [INTRODUCING ""DETERMINANTS"" AND ""JACOBIANS""]‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1841. 4to. Without wrappers as Heft 4 in ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", Bd. 22, heft 4. Titlepage to Heft 4. and pp. 285-380 +(2) pp. and 1 engraved plate. Jacobis papers: 1. pp. 285-318, 2. pp. 319,359, 3. pp. 360-371 and 4. pp. 372-374.‎

‎First printing of 2 importent and influential papers by Jacobi. In 1841 ""Carl Jacobi (1804-1851) develops the theory of determinants, including mention of the ""functional determinant"" or ""Jacobian"" in his paper ""De formatione et proprietatibus Determinantium"" (the first paper offered here). Later in the same year hepublishes a further development specifically of the theory of acobians in the memoir ""De determinantibus functionalibus"" (the second paper offered here). He shows for instance,that the Jacobian of a set of n functions in n variables is identically zero if and only if the functions are mutually dependent. Although functional determinants had been used earlier, they are later named after Jacobi due to his extensive development of their properties."" (Claire L. Parkinson in Breakthroughs).‎

‎Considerationes generales de transcendentibus Abelianis. - [ABELIAN TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS]‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1832. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik. Hrsg. von A.L. Crelle"", 9. Bd., Heft 4, pp. 313-403. Jacobi's paper pp. 394-403. With titlepage to vol. 9.‎

‎First printing of this important paper, bringing the problem with the Abelian integral to a solution. ""The further step was made by Jacobi in the short but very importent memoir ""Considerationes generales..."" (the paper offered): viz. he here shows for the hyper-elliptical integrals of any class (but the conclusion may be stated generally) that the direct functions to which Abel's theorem has reference are not functions of a single variable, such as the elliptic sn, cn, or dn, but functions of ""p"" variables...(Arthur Cayley in his ""Presidential Address to the British Association 1883).""Carl Jacobi in reviewing Adrien Legendre's third supplement to his ""Traite des fonctions elliptiques et des integrales Euleurienne"", suggests renaming Legendre's ""hyperelliptical transcendental functions"" as ""Abelian transcendental functions"" after Niels Henrik Abel. acobi, whiose work on hyperelliptic integrals helps lead to the extensive nineteenth-century development of the theory of abelian functions of n variables, suggests, in partial analogy to doubly periodic functions, that hyperelliptic integrals can be inverted to hyperelliptic functions through a generalization of elliptic theta functions."" (Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs (1832"").‎

‎Ueber eine besondere Gattung algebraischer Functionen, die aus der Entwicklung der Function (1 - 2xz + z2)1/2 entstehen. - [RODRIGUES'S FORMULA]‎

‎Berlin, G. Reimer, 1827. 4to. As extracted from ""Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 2. Band, 1827""., without backstrip. Fine and clean. [Gudermann:] Pp. 223-226. [Entire volue: Pp. 198-292 + two folded plates].‎

‎First printing of Jacobi's accouncement of the Rodrigues's formula (formerly called the Ivory-Jacobi formula). Rodrigues's formula is a formula for Legendre polynomials independently introduced by Olinde Rodrigues in 1816 and Sir James Ivory in 1824 and Carl Gustav Jacobi in 1827 [The present]. The name ""Rodrigues formula"" was introduced by Heine in 1878, after Hermite pointed out in 1865 that Rodrigues was the first to discover it, and is also used for generalizations to other orthogonal polynomials.‎

‎Alles in der Natur lebt. Nichts ist ganz todt. Die stilleste Ruhe und selbst die Verwesung sind wirksames Leben.‎

‎Celle, bey Runge und Richter. 1782. 8°. 104 S. Neuer Broschurumschlag.‎

‎ADB 13, 586. - Originalausgabe. - Interessante Betrachtungen des Theologen und Philosophen zu biologischen Prozessen. Jacobi (1712 - 1791) war Prediger in Celle und der Onkel von Johann Georg und Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi. - Titel mit gelöschtem Bibliotheksstempel. Selten.‎

‎Lettre Autographe militaire signée de Jacobi au général Janin vers 1830.‎

‎Lettre Autographe militaire signée de Jacobi au général Janin vers 1830.LAS 2 pages recto/verso. Format in-8°(24x18). Très bon état.‎