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Démonstration physique du mouvement de rotation de la terre au moyen du pendule. (Commissaires MM. Arago, Pouillet, Binet). (+) Sur une nouvelle démonstration expérimentale du mouvement de la Terre, fondée sur la fixité du plan de rotation" par Léon F... - [THE FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH AND THE INVENTION OF THE GYROSCOPE]
(Paris, Bachelier, 1851-52). 4to. Later blank wrapper. Extracted from ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 32 and vol. 35. Foucault's papers: pp. 135-138 (1851, vol. 32), pp. 421-424 (1852, vol. 35), pp. 424-427 (1852, vol. 35), pp. 469-470 (1852, vol. 35) and p. 602 (1852, vol. 35).
First appearance of the papers in which Foucault presented his discovery of the proof of the rotation of the earth by the large pendulum, called FOUCAULT'S PENDULUM. It was presented by Arago at the meeting of the Acadey of Scieces on February 3, 1851 (the first paper offered). In the third paper offered, ""Sur les phénoménes d'orientation des corps tournant entraînés par un axe fixe..."", Foucault presents his invention of the GYROSCOPE, a freely spinning flywheel, which constitutes a different method of demonstrating the rotation of the Earth"" he furthermore correctly predicts the use of the gyroscope as a compass. The word ""gyroscope"" was coined by Foucault (on p. 427 of the third paper), taken from the Greek, meaning ""to look at the rotation"".Since Léon Foucault's public demonstration of his pendulum experiment, it has played a prominent role in physics, physics education, and the history of science. The Foucault pendulum is a long pendulum suspended high above the ground and carefully set into planar motion. The phenomenon described by Foucault1 concerns the orientation of the plane of oscillation of the pendulum. ""The experiment (with the pendulum) caused great excitement at the time. Heracleides had first suggested twenty-two centuries before that the earth was rotating and Copernicus had renewed the suggestion three centuries before. Since the time of Galileo two and a half centuries before, the world of scholarship had not doubted the matter. Nevertheless, all evidence as to that rotation had been indirect, and not until Foucault's experiment could the earth's rotation actually be said to have been demonstrated rather that deduced."" ""Continuing to experiment on the mechanics of the earth's rotation, Foucault in 1852 invented the gyroscope, which, he showed, gave a clearer demonstration than the pendulum of the earth's rotation and had the property, similar to that of the magnetic needle, of maintaining a fixed direction. Foucault's pendulum and gyroscope had more than a popular significance (which continues to this day). First, they stimulated the development of theoretical mechanics, making relative motion and the theories of the pendulum and the gyroscope standard topics for study and investigation. Second, prior to Foucault's demonstrations the study of those motions on the earth's surface in which the deflecting force of rotation plays a prominent part (especially winds and ocean currents) was dominated by unphysical notions of how this force acted. Foucault's demonstrations and the theoretical treatments they inspired showed conclusively that this deflecting force acts in all horizontal directions, thus providing the sound physical insight on which Buys Ballot, Ferrel, Ulrich Vettin, and others could build. (DSB).PMM: 330 lists the offprint with the title ""Sur Divers Signes Sensibles du Mouvement Diurne de la Terre"" - Barchas Collection, 738 (the periodical version, but only the first paper) - Dibner, No. 17 (offprint version).
Démonstration physique du mouvement de rotation de la terre au moyen du pendule. (Commissaires MM. Arago, Pouillet, Binet). (+) Sur une nouvelle démonstration expérimentale du mouvement de la Terre, fondée sur la fixité du plan de rotation" par Léon ... - [THE FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH AND THE INVENTION OF THE GYROSCOPE]
Paris, Bachelier, 1851-52. 4to. 2 uniform full cloth bindings. Gilt spines, gilt lettering. Gil lettering on spines: ""The Chemist's Club"". Faint marks of earlier paper labels to spine. In ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 32 and vol. 35. Entire volumes offered. (4),1026 pp. + (4),1010 pp. A stamp on top and verso of title-pages. Foucault's papers: pp. 135-138 (1851, vol. 32), pp. 421-424 (1852, vol. 35), pp. 424-427 (1852, vol. 35), pp. 469-470 (1852, vol. 35) and p. 602 (1852, vol. 35).
First appearance of the seminal papers, in which Foucault presented his discovery of the proof of the rotation of the earth by the large pendulum, known as Foucault's Pendulum. The first papr offered here was presented by Arago at the meeting of the Acadey of Scieces on February 3, 1851. In the third paper, ""Sur les phénoménes d'orientation des corps tournant entraînés par un axe fixe..."", Foucault presents his invention of the gyroscope, a freely spinning flywheel, which constitutes a different method of demonstrating the rotation of the Earth"" he furthermore correctly predicts the use of the gyroscope as a compass and coins the word ""gyroscope"" (on p. 427), taken from the Greek, meaning ""to look at the rotation"".Ever since Léon Foucault's public demonstration of his pendulum experiment, it has played a prominent role in physics, physics education, and the history of science. The Foucault pendulum is a long pendulum suspended high above the ground and carefully set into planar motion. The phenomenon described by Foucault concerns the orientation of the plane of oscillation of the pendulum. ""The experiment (with the pendulum) caused great excitement at the time. Heracleides had first suggested twenty-two centuries before that the earth was rotating and Copernicus had renewed the suggestion three centuries before. Since the time of Galileo two and a half centuries before, the world of scholarship had not doubted the matter. Nevertheless, all evidence as to that rotation had been indirect, and not until Foucault's experiment could the earth's rotation actually be said to have been demonstrated rather that deduced."" ""Continuing to experiment on the mechanics of the earth's rotation, Foucault in 1852 invented the gyroscope, which, he showed, gave a clearer demonstration than the pendulum of the earth's rotation and had the property, similar to that of the magnetic needle, of maintaining a fixed direction. Foucault's pendulum and gyroscope had more than a popular significance (which continues to this day). First, they stimulated the development of theoretical mechanics, making relative motion and the theories of the pendulum and the gyroscope standard topics for study and investigation. Second, prior to Foucault's demonstrations the study of those motions on the earth's surface in which the deflecting force of rotation plays a prominent part (especially winds and ocean currents) was dominated by unphysical notions of how this force acted. Foucault's demonstrations and the theoretical treatments they inspired showed conclusively that this deflecting force acts in all horizontal directions, thus providing the sound physical insight on which Buys Ballot, Ferrel, Ulrich Vettin, and others could build. (DSB).PMM: 330 lists the offprint with the title ""Sur Divers Signes Sensibles du Mouvement Diurne de la Terre"" - Barchas Collection, 738 (the periodical version, but only the first paper) - Dibner, No. 17 (offprint version).
"FOUCAULT, (JEAN BERNARD LEON) - THE FOUCAULT PENDULUM FIRST GERMAN EDITION.
Reference : 45070
(1851)
Physikalischer Beweis von der Axendrehung der Erde mittelst des Pendels. (Compt. rend. T. XXXII p. 135).
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1851 Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", 82. Bd., 3. issue (""Heft"" No 3, 1851). Entire issue offered. Pp. 337-464. Foucault's paper: pp. 458-462. With titlepage to volume 82.
First German edition of the famous paper in which Foucault presented his discovery of the proof of the rotation of the earth by the large pendulum, called FOUCAULT'S PENDULUM. It was presented by Arago at the meeting of the Acadey of Scieces on February 3, 1851.Since Léon Foucault’s public demonstration of his pendulum experiment, it has played a prominent role in physics, physics education, and the history of science. The Foucault pendulum is a long pendulum suspended high above the ground and carefully set into planar motion. The phenomenon described by Foucault1 concerns the orientation of the plane of oscillation of the pendulum. ""The experiment (with the pendulum) caused great exitement at the time. Heracleides had first suggested twenty-two centuries before that the earth was rotating and Copernicus had renewed the suggestion three centuries before. Since the time of Galileo two and a half centuries before, the world of scholarship had not doubted the matter. Nevertheless, all evidence as to that rotation had been indirect, and not until Foucault's experiment could the earth's rotation actually be said to have been demonstrated rather that deduced."" (DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1851 E.
"FOUCAULT, (JEAN BERNARD LEON) - EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE WAVE-THEORY OF LIGHT.
Reference : 44783
(1854)
Sur les Vitesses relatives de la Lumière dans L'Air et dans L'Eau.
Paris, Victor Masson, 1854. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome 41. With titlepage to Tome 41. Pp. 120-164 and 1 large folded engraved plate showing the experimental apparatus. Some foxing throughout.
The periodical issue of Foucault's doctorial thesis in which he for the first time showed that light slows down in water, thus giving experimental evidence for the undulatory theory of light.""He...made use of his mirror method to measure the velocity of light through water and other transparent media. As long before as the time of Huygens and Newton it had been suggested that one way of settling the dispute as to whether light was a wave form or a stream of particles was by measuring its velocity in water. According to the wave theory, light should slow down in water"" according to the particle theory, it should speed up. In 1853 showed that the velocity of light was less in water than in air, a strong piece of evidence in favor of the wave theory. He presented this work as his doctoral thesis.""(Asimov).
Foucault et ses pendules
Editions Carre , Vues des Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1990 Book condition, Etat : Bon broché, sous couverture imprimée éditeur bleue, illustrée du pendule de Foucault très grand In-8 1 vol. - 127 pages
8 planches hors-texte en couleurs (complet) et plusieurs figures dans le texte en noir 1ere édition, 1990 Contents, Chapitres : Etude très complète sur Jean Bernard Leon Foucault, 1819-1968, physicien et astronome qui s'est notamment illustré par sa démonstration de la rotation de la terre à l'aide du célèbre pendule. Cette étude présente aussi les différentes travaux de Foucault sur la vitesse de la lumière, sur l'électricité. Léon Foucault a aussi réalisé de nombreux daguerréotypes aussi bien en microscopie qu'en astronomie (1er daguerréotype du Soleil réalisé en 1845 avec Fizeau) - Cette étude est agrémentée d'une iconographie interessante, tant de gravures d'époque que de photographies contemporaines des instruments du Musée des Arts et Métiers. On doit aussi à Foucault un téléscope à miroir, le sidérostat dont la technique s'inspire de l'héliostat, une horloge astronomique à régulateur à contacts, ainsi que divers appareils et instruments scientifiques - Le pendule de Foucault, du nom du physicien français Léon Foucault, est un dispositif expérimental conçu pour mettre en évidence la rotation de la Terre par rapport à un référentiel galiléen. Le résultat de l'expérience dans le référentiel non galiléen lié à un observateur terrestre s'explique par l'effet de la force de Coriolis. (wikipedia) le film transparent de la couverture se détache un peu sur le haut du plat supérieur, sinon très bon état, intérieur frais et propre, bien complet des 8 planches hors-texte
FOUCAULT, LÉON. (JEAN BERNARD LEON). - THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT DETERMINED.
Reference : 49458
(1862)
Détermination expérimentale de la vitesse de la lumière parallaxe du Soleil. (Séance du Lundi 22 septembre 1862). (+) Détermination expérimentale de la vitesse de la lumière" description des appareils. (Séance du Lundi 24 Novembre 1862). (2 papers).
Paris, Mallet-Bachelier, 1862. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences"", Vol. 55, No 12 a. 21. Pp. 481--519 a. pp. 781-803. (Entire issues offered). With title-page to vol. 55. Foucault's papers: pp. 501-503 a. pp. 792-796. Clean and fine.
First printing of Foucault's famous experiments on the velocity of light with the description of his improved equipment, the rotating mirror. Foucault's method was later developed by Michelson and Morley in their famous experiment in 1887.""Foucault’s first experiment, carried out in 1850 and written up in full in his doctoral thesis of 1853, was purely comparative"" he announced no numerical values until 1862. Then, with an improved apparatus, he was able to measure precisely the velocity of light in air. This result, significantly smaller than Fizeau’s of 1849, changed the accepted value of solar parallax and vindicated the higher value which Le Verrier had calculated from astronomical data. Foucault’s turning-mirror apparatus was the basis for the later determinations of the velocity of light by A. A. Michelson and Simon Newcomb.""(DSB).Leon Foucault, used a similar method to Fizeau. He shone a light to a rotating mirror, then it bounced back to a remote fixed mirror and then back to the first rotating mirror. But because the first mirror was rotating, the light from the rotating mirror finally bounced back at an angle slightly different from the angle it initially hit the mirror with. By measuring this angle, it was possible to measure the speed of the light. Foucault continually increased the accuracy of this method over the years. His final measurement in 1862 determined that light traveled at 299,796 Km/s. Magee ""A Source Book in Physics"", p. 342 ff. and ""Source Book in Astronomy"", p. 282 ff.
"FIZEAU, ARMAND HIPPOLYTE & JEAN BERNARD LÉON FOUCAULT. - CONFIRMING THE WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT.
Reference : 43827
(1849)
Sur les phénomène des interférences entre deux rayons de lumiere dans le cas de grandes differences de marche. (+) Sur les phénomène des interférences entre deux rayons de lumiere dans le cas de grandes differences de marche, et sur la polarisation ch...
Paris, Victor Masson, Imprimerie de Bachelier, 1849-50. No wrappers. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3me Series - Tome XXVI a. XXX., Juin 1849 a. Octobre 1850. (The entire issues offered). Titlepages to vol. 26 a. 30. Pp. 129-256 a. pp. 129-256. Fizeau & Foucault's paper: pp. 138-148 a. pp. 146-159, 2 folded engraved plates. Some scattred brownspots.
First appearance of thispaper in which the authors demonstrated importent similarities between sound - and lightwaves, and that interference takes place between rays of light of different wavelenghts thus giving considerably evidence for the wave theory of light.""By analyzing the white light source into simpler constituents by means of a spectroscope, Fizeau and Foucault were able to observe fringes produced by interfering light rays with a difference of travel equal to more than 7,000 wavelenghts, thus showing hat light waves, like sound waves, remain geometrically constant over a large number of periods. But light waves, because of their transverse vibrations, are more complex than sound waves. Light can assume different forms of planes of vibration as well as different intensities. Using the same spectroscopic apparatus as in the preceeding experiment, Fizeau and Foucault observed the interaction of two rays produced by passing a single polarized ray through a birefringent crystal. In this case, instead of obtaining alternating bands of light and dark, they obtained bands of light periodcally polarized in different planes of vibration.""(DSB V, p. 19).
