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"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS"" (FRENCH EDITION).
Reference : 43750
(1821)
Sur les Mouvemens électro-magnétiques et la théorie du magnétisme. (Traduit par M. Anatole-Riffault). + (André-Marie Ampere et Felix Savary:) Notes relatives au Mémoire de M. Faraday.
(Paris, Crochard, 1821). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 18 (Septembre Cahier). Pp. 337-443. (Entire issue offered). Faraday's paper: pp. 337-370 a. 2 folded engraved plates (showing the experimental apparatus). Ampère & Savary's Notes: pp. 370-379. Clean and fine.
First French edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first French edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS"" (GERMAN EDITION).
Reference : 43751
(1822)
Ueber electrisch-magnetische ewegungen, und die Theorie des Magnetismus"" von Faraday, chem. Assistenten in d. Roy. Inst. (geschrieben London d. 11 Sept. 1821: mit Anmerkungen von einem Freunde des Hrn Ampère. Frei bearbeitet und mit einigen Erläuterun...
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1822. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie. Hrsg. Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 71. Titlepage to vol. 71, pp. 124-171 a. pp. 172-176 and 1 folded engraved plate showing experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.
First German edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first German edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).
"JANSSEN, PIERRE JULES CÉSAR. - THE PHOTOGRAPHIC REVOLVER AND THE ""FIRST FILM"".
Reference : 49205
(1873)
Passage de Vénus"" Methode pour obtenir photographiquement l'instant des contacts, avec les circonstances physiques qu'ils présentent. (+) Présentation de quelques spécimens de photographies solaires obtenues avec un appareil construit pour la mis...
Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1873, 1874, 1874 a.1882. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences"", Vol. 76, No 11, Vol. 78, No 25, Vol. 79, No 1, Vol. 94, No 14. (3 entire issues offered). Pp. (677-) 732, pp. (1721-) 1780, pp. (5-) 72 and pp. (901-) 996. Janssen's papers: pp. 677-679, pp. 1730-31, pp. 6-7 and pp. 909-911. (The main paper having the title-page to the volume (vol. 79), stamp to title-page).
First printings of this series of epoch-making papers in which Janssen introduced the ""PHOTOGRAPHIC REVOLVER"" and its first successfull use leading to the ""First Film"" and hereby ""realized one of the operations necessary for cinematography""(DSB).In the first papers he conceived the idea of a device of historical interest, the photographic revolver, the technique of short exposures, which is announced here. The third paper is the epoch-making paper in which he specifically describes the ""revolver"" and its results, the ""first film"". The fourth paper is his responce to Marey's famous expriments with the ""revolver"" recording the flight of birds.""A long barreled canon-like automatic camera was invented in 1874 by an outstanding pioneer of modern astronomical photography, Jules Janssen. Janssen used the revolving plate technique and called his camera a 'pistol'. Janssen's method used the forerunner of a number of 'gun' cameras with a slowly revolving plate and shutter operated by clockwork. The photos were taken every 70 seconds along the margin of the negative and he used his pistol to record a 48 image sequence of the transit of Venus across the sun at an exposure rate of 1.5 seconds.""""In planning for the observation of the transit of Venus, which he was to observe in Japan on 9 Deembe 1874, Janssen decided to substitute for visual observation at the time of transit a series of photographs taken in rapid succession, which would permit him to measure the successive positions of the planet in relation to the solar limb. He ordered the construcion of an apparatus consisting of three circular disks with the same axis: the first, pierced by twelve slits, served as the shutter"the second contained a window" the photographic plate, which was circular, was fixed to the third. The first two disks turned with a synchronized movement, the shutter disk continuously and the other irregularly in the intervals of time in which the window was not swept by a slit. A series of separate images laid out on a circle was thus obtained on the plate. In a general manner the apparatus provided an analysis of a motion on the basis of the sequence of its elemental aspects. Here Janssen realized one of the operations necessary for cinematography, which was invented twenty years later, and which required, besides analysis, the synthesis of images."" (DSB).
Hær begynnes then Zelands low paa ræt dansk och er skifft i sijw bøgher och hwer bogh haffuer sith register oc ær wel offuer seeth och rætthelige corrigeret. (Kolofon: Oc nu gien Prentet udi Kiøbenhaffn Anno 1576 lige effter den Gamle Lowbog...).
(Colophon:) Kiøbenhaffn (Copenhagen), Matz Wingaardt, 1576. 4to. Pragtfuldt samtidigt hellæderbind af kalveskind over træ med skråtskårne kanter og 2 lukkestroppe med messingbeslag (det ene hængsel løst), antageligt udført af en dansk bogbinder. 3 ophøjede ægte bind på ryggen og med blindtrykte stregbordurer. Permer med dobbelte stregrammer og 2 brede rammer udført med ruller og stempler. Midtfelterne med stort pladetrykt billede af Justitia, på bagpermen et billede af Justinian ?. Kapitæler med mindre reparationer. Titelbladet med en træsnit illustration af den danske konge med rigsvåbnet. Kolofon med Gotfred af Ghemens trykkermærke i træsnit. 111 unummerede blade. Indersiden af forpermen har notater i gl. hænder vedrørende bogens indhold. Fra Oscar Wandels bogsamling med hans exlibris. Da bogen ikke er ombundet foreligger den her i dens opsrindelige størrelse med pænt brede marginer. Få spredte brunpletter. Nogle blade med en svag skjold nederst på siderne. De første 6 blade (incl. titelbladet) er noget restaurerede med senere omkantning. Titelbladet har en smule tab af stregrammen omkring kongen, blad 2 recto har tab af et ord i nederste linie (tagher). Trykt på svært papir.
Extremely rare first printing of what is arguably the world's first facsimile, namely Mads Vingaard's 1576 reproduction of the first printing of the Law of Sealand, originally printed by Ghemen in 1505 and here re-issued in exact reproduction. This wonderful print is not merely a ""line to line, word to word""-reproduction, but a facsimile making use of the same types and exact reproductions of the woodcuts. It is generally believed that ""the first facsimile in the history of the book was a manuscript of Austrian provenance - the Goldene Bulle - reproduced in 1697 by the Frankfurt law historian Heinrich Günther Thülemeyer and Johann Friedrich Fleischer"" (from ""Imagination, Almanach"" 1986-1993, Sammelheft. 1993"" 2006). The present reproduction predates that work otherwise hailed as the first ""facsimile"" in the history of the book by more than a century!Some credit Plantin in the 17th century with being the first to produce a facsimile. This is also about a century after Mats Vingaard's facsimile of the Law of Sealand. Like the laws of Sealand and The Law of Scania, The Law of Jutland"" constitutes a law book (""Rechtsbuch"" in German) in the sense of a private collection of those common laws pertaining to inheritance, ownership, marriage, measurement of land, murder, theft, vandalism, etc. that were commonly applicable in the region.The medieval Danish regional laws possess an immense importance both linguistically and legally, and the influence is evident even today, both in the development of our legal system and of our written language. At the time of their foundation, the Danish kingdom was divided into jurisdictional areas, lands, that in turn were divided into townships. Each land had a county council, which also served as a judicial court. It quite quickly became standard for the township court to be able to refer verdicts and rulings to the county/land council. In the 13th century, there were three main lands, namely Jutland, Sealand and Skåne. With time, these three lands came to rule over all townships, and thus, we find three ruling legal books from the 13th century, namely the three earliest Danish law books - Jyske Lov, the Sealandic Laws, and Skånske Lov. They were all printed for the first time in 1505 and 1505 respectively. It is not until 1683 (with ""Danske Lov"") that Denmark gets a law that covers the entire kingdom. The 1576 facsimile is scarce and Thesaurus estimates that only ab. 10 copies still exist on private hands.
"THOMSON, WILLIAM (LORD KELVIN) - AND JAMES THOMSON. - THE ""HARMONIC ANALYZER"", THE FIRST AUTOMATIC ANALOG COMPUTING MACHINE.
Reference : 43524
(1876)
On an Integrating Machine having a New Kinematic Principle. (James Thomson). (+) On an Instrument for calculating (.........), the Integral of the Product of two given Functions. (+) Mechanical Integration of the Linear Differential Equations of the S...
London, Taylor and Francis, 1876-79. Witout wrappers as three issues from ""Proceedings of the Royal Society of London"", Vol. 24, No. 167+ Vol. 27, No.187+ Vol. 28, No. 191. Pp. 250-344, pp. 284-408 a. pp. 103-232. Papers: In No. 167:pp. 262-265 (James Thomson), pp. 266-68, pp. 269-271, pp. 271-275. In No. 187: pp. 371-373. In No. 191: pp. 111-113 (W. Thomson). Titlepages to vols. 24, 27 a. 28 present. 2 papers with textillustrations.
First appearance of all the 6 founding papers around the invention of the ""Harmonic Analyzer"" and with the mathematical theory for the differential analyzor, containing both the mathematical theories and the practical descriptions of the analyzer and further also having the paper by Lord Kelvin's brother (the first paper offered) in which the machinery is shown for the first time.""A ball and disk integrator was the vital invention needed to build the FIRST AUTOMATIC ANALOG COMPUTING MACHINES. Lord kelvin used this integrator -devised for a planimeter in the 1860s by his brother, James Thomson - on two new kinds of analog computers: a harmonic analyzer and a tide predictor. he later specified a more general machine - a differential analyzer.""(Eames in ""A Computer Perspective"").""The harmonic analyzer was used in conjunction with Thomson's tide predictor...The present paper (""Harmonic Analyzer"") contains the first full description of the harmoniz analyzer, which was ""designed rudimentally"" (p. 371) in Thomson's ""On an integrating machine having a new kinematic principle""(also offered here),,,,James Thomson's integrator - ""one of the first really workable integrating devices"" (Williams 1985, 207) - served as the basis for other analog machines designed by William Thomson for solving simultaneous linear equations and integrating differential equations. Thomson first described such a machine, composed of several Thomson integrators connedted together, in his paper on ""Mechanical integration of the linear differentialequations of the decond order...."" (also offred here)"" however the ""idea could then hardly be carried out, forone reason because an integrator, which is simply a variable- speed drive, could not then be buitl both accurate and capable of carrying sufficient load to move numerous mechanical parts"" (Bush 193, 450). The full realization of Thomson's idea did not come until fifty years later, when Vannevar Bush invented the torque amplifier for use in his differential analyzer.""(Hook and Norman).
"LAVOISIER, (ANTOINE-LAURENT). - EMBODYING LAVOISIER'S QUANTITATIVE METHOD, HIS FIRST PAPER.
Reference : 44940
(1768)
Analyse du Gypse. (1765).
Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1768. 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome V. With tittlepage to vol. 5. Pp. 341-357. Clean and fine.
First appearance of Lavoisier's FIRST PUBLISHED CHEMICAL PAPER introducing quantitative methods in chemistry, and in which he for the first time brought a hydrometer in use to measure the specific gravities of components of a chemical solutions. Lavoisier defended the originality of his approach in the following words: ""It is to the art of combination that the knowledge of the specific gravities of fluids can bring most light. This aspect of chemistry is much less advanced than we thought, we possess barely the rudiments of it."" ""This first paper, which in so many respects embodies the quantitative methods Lavoisier was to employ in his later work, had in fact been largely anticipated by others, notably by Marggraf, who had already discovered the composition of gypsum and shown that it contained water (phlegm). Yet Lavoisier’s work was more through" and his paper, his first contribution to the Academy of Sciences (read to the Academy on 25 February 1765), appeared in 1768. (The paper offered). - Lavoisier’s earliest chemical investigation, his study of gypsum, was mineralogical in character" begun in the autumn of 1764, it was intended as the first paper in a series devoted to the analysis of mineral substances. This systematic inventory was to be carried out, not by the method of J. H. Pott ""who exposed minerals to the action of fire"" but by reactions in solution, by the ""wet way."" ""I have tried to copy nature,"" Lavoisier wrote. ""Water, this almost universal solvent ""is the cheif agent she employs"" it is also the one I have adopted in my work."" Using a hydrometer, he determined with the care the solubility of different samples of gypsum (samples of selenite, or lapis specularis, some supplied by Guettard and Rouelle). He made similar measurements with calcined gypsum(plaster of paris). Analysis convinced him that this gypsum was a neutral salt, a compound of vitriolic (sulfuric) acid and a calcareous or chalky base. Not content with having shown by analysis the composition of the gypsum, Lavoisier completed his proof by a synthesis following, as he said, the way that nature had formed the gypsum. He further demonstrated that gypsum, when transformed by strong heating into plaster of Paris, gives off a vapor, which he showed to be pure water, making up about a quarter of the weight of gypsum. Conversely, when plaster of Paris is mixed with water and turns into a solid mass, it avidly combines with water. Using the expression first coined by Rouelle, he called this the ""water of crystallization."" (DSB).Partington III, pp. 378-79. -
"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE FIRST ELECTRIC GENERATOR - FIRST FRENCH EDITION. (PMM 308).
Reference : 44738
(1846)
Recherches éxperimentales sur LÉlectricite. Sur la magnétitisation de la lumière et l'illumination des lignes de forces magnétique. (I). I-III. (1. Series 1-97).
Paris, Victor Msson, 1846. Extracted from ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3e Series - Tome 17. Pp. 359-392, three textillustrations. Some scattered brownspots.
First French edition of one of Faraday's most importent papers in which he announced his discovery of electromagnetic induction and hereby also created the first electric generator explained by ""lines of force"". This is the first Franch edition of the first series of Faradays ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"".""In 1821 a series of brilliant researches culminated in the discovery of electromagnetic rotation"" in 1831, seemingly out of nowhere, came the discovery of electromagnetic induction and the beginning of the experimental researches in electricity which were to lead Faraday to the discovery of the laws of electrochemistry, specific inductive capacity, the Faraday effect, and the foundations of classical field theory.""(DSB).""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in 'A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity' p. 197.
"MAYER, J.R. (JULIUS ROBERT). - THE FIRST STATEMENT OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.
Reference : 46883
(1842)
Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Natur.
Heidelberg, C.F. Winter, 1842. Bound in a nice later hcalf. Raised bands, titlelabel with gilt lettering. In: ""Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. herausgegeben von Friedrich Wóhler und Justus Liebig"", Vol. 42. (6),356 pp. Mayer's paper: pp. 233-240. Volume 42 is offered bound together with vol. 41. (8),376 pp. a. 1 folded plate. (This volume contains importent cehemical papers by Kolbe, Cahours, Kopp, Wöhler, Laurent and Liebig (the first printing of Liebig's famous work on animal physiology and pathology)
First printing of one of the most important papers in physics, chemistry and physiology in the 19th century. The paper is the first to propose an equivalence of all forms of energy, including heat, and a conservation of total energy. Although Mayer was the first to set forth the general law of the conversation of energy (the first thermodynamical law), it was James Joule who first put the law on firm footing. ""The paper of 1842 (the paper offered) set out Mayer’s definitive view on the conservation of force and established his claim to priority"" historically the paper also provides insight into the processes through which Mayer arrived at his theory.""(DSB).""Originally trained as a physician, mayer did not enjoy medical practice. About 1840 he began to be interested in physics and he entered thhe field of research, ... In 1842 he not only presented a figure for the mechanical equivalent of heat, but he also clearly presented his belief in the conversation of energy. He had some difficulty getting his paper on the subject published but Liebig finally accepted for the importent journal he edited. Though Mayer was five years ahead of Joule his paper aroused no interest, and in the end it was Joule, with his imposing experimental background. who received credit for working out the mechanical equivalent of heat. And it was Helmholtz who recieved credit for announcing the law of conservation of energy because he announced it so much more systematically. Yet Mayer went further than either of the other two, for he included living phenomena in the realm of energy conservation (a daring step in a decade when vitalism, with its view that the laws of inanimate nature did not apply to living systems, was still a considerable force). Mayer argued that solar energy was the ultimate source of all energy on earth, both living and non-living. He further suggested that solar energy was derived from the slow contraction of the sun, or by the fall of meteors into the sun, in either case kinetic energy being converted to radiant energy.""(Asimov)""After 1860, Mayer was finally given the recognition he deserved. Many of his articles were translated into English, and such well-known scientists as Rydolph Clausius in Germany and John Tyndall in England began to champion Mayer as the founder of the law of the conservation of energy.""(Alan Lightman ""Great Ideas in Physics"", p. 8).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1842 P. - Magee ""A Source Book in Physics"", p. 196 ff. - Dibner: 157 (listing the offprint with a different title) - PMM: 330 (offprint-version). - Garrison & Morton: 606.
"MÜLLER, JOHANNES & THEODOR SCHWANN. - THE DISCOVERY OF PEPSIN, THE FIRST KNOWN ANIMAL ENZYME & THE ""FIBRES OF REMAK""
Reference : 45406
(1836)
Versuche über die künstliche Verdauung des geronnenen Eiweisses (Müller & Schwann) (+) Ueber das Wesen des Verdauungsprocesses (Schwann). 2 paers.
Berlin, G. Eichler, 1836. In ""Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenschaftliches Medicin Herausgegeben von Johannes Müller"". Jahrgang 1836. Pp. 66-89 a. pp. 90-139. The entire volume offered in its 6 parts (in 5), all 5 issues uncut with orig. printed warppers. (2),CCXXIV,390 pp. and 15 engraved plates. The 2 first issues with a faint dampstain to lower part of leaves and plates.
First appearance of an importent paper in the history of biology, in which Schwann describes his discovery and isolation of pepsin, the substance in the stomach that aids digestion of eggwhite. It is the FIRST KNOWN ANIMAL ENZYME. The paper appeared at the same time in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"".Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) was a great German physiologist, pathologist, and experimenter. One of the founders of the cell doctrine and of the idea of the living nature of yeast. Born at Neuss, near Düsseldorff. A catholic, educated in the Jesuit Gymnasium in Cologne. Intended for the church but took to medicine. He was a pupil of Johannes Müller and a collegueand lifelong friend of J. Henle, the anatomist. In Berlin Schwann was Johannes Müller's assistent for five years, and it was then that he discovered pepsin in 1836 (the paper offered).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1836 B. - Garrison & Morton no. 991.The first paper offered, written together with Johannes Müller records the preliminary investigaions leading to the discovery of Pepsin. - Garrison & Morton no. 990.The volume also contains another famous paper by ROBERT REMAK ""Vorläufige Mittheilung microscopischer Beobachtungen über den innern Bau der Cerebrospinalnerven und über die Entwicklung ihrer Formenelemente. (Hierzu Tafel IV). Pp. 145-161. This paper contains the first announcement of his DISCOVERY OF ""FIBRES OF REMAK"", the non-medullated nerve-fibres. (Garrison & Morton no. 1260.
"EULER, LEONHARD. - SOLVING FOR THE FIRST TIME THE CONTACT PROBLEM OF FRICTION.
Reference : 45497
(1750)
Sur l'atmosphere de la Lune prouvée par la derniere eclipse annulaire du Soleil. (On the atmosphere of the moon as proved by the last ringed eclipse of the sun) + Sur le frottement des corps solides. (On the friction of solid bodies) + Sur la diminu...
(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1750). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome IV, pp. 103-121 + pp. 122-132 + pp. 133-148 and 6 engraved plates (on 5).
Three first editions by Euler. Euler's goal in the first paper is to show that certain phenomena that resulted from the eclipse of July 25, 1748 are evidence that the moon has an atmosphere that is almost 200 times less dense than that of the earth. (The phenomena Euler observed are optical effects of light passing close to a sharp edge, and not the refraction of a lunar atmosphere).The other papers on the physics of rigid bodies are groundbreaking as Euler here set forth what is known as ""Euler's dynamical equations of the motion of the mass-center of any solid"", and thus STATING FOR THE FIRST TIME THE LAW OF DRY FRICTION, mathematically. Euler explains his experiments with the inclined plane and discovers the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KINETIC AND STATIC FRICTION.""Leonhard Euler occupied himself with the mathematical point of view of friction as well as the experimental. He introduced the differentiation between static frictional forces and kinetic frictional forces, and solved the problem of rope friction, probably the first contact problem to be analytically solved in history. (1750, the papers offered). He was the first to lay the foundations of the mathematically way of dealing with the law of dry friction and in this way promoted further development. We have to thank for the symbol as the coefficient of friction. Euler worked with the idea that friction originates from the interlocation, between small triangular irregularities.This understanding survived, in different variations,for a hundred years and is also used today as the ""Tomlinson Model"" in connection with friction on atomic scale.""(L. Popov ""History of the Contact Mechanics and the Physics of Function"", p.3).Eneström: E142, E143, E144.
"BESSEL, (FRIEDRICH WILHELM) - THE FIRST MEASURE OF THE DISTANCE TO A STAR AND OF ITS PARALLAX.
Reference : 47114
(1838)
Observations pour déterminer la parallaxe annuelle de la 61e étoile du Cygne. - Extrait d'une Lettre de M. Bessel à M. de Humboldt. Note de M.Arago sur le même sujet. (Séance du Lundi 5 Novembre 1838). (+) Nouvelles observations sur la parallaxe annu...
Paris, Bachelier, 1838 a. 1840. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 7, No 19 and Tome 10, No 17/18. Pp. (769-) 803 a. pp. (671-) 717. (Entire issues offered). Bessel's papers: pp. 785-793 a. pp. 703-710. Some scattered brownspots.
First appearance of a milestone paper in astronomy, giving the solution of the great problem of distances in the universe which had baffled astronomers ever since the time of Copernicus, announcing the FIRST SUCCESSFUL DISPLACEMENT OR PARALLAX OF A FIXED STAR and hence deducing the FIRST RELIABLE DISTANCE OF THE EARTH TO A FIXED STAR. The parallax observed corresponded to ab. 600.000 times that of the earth from the sun. On these grounds Bessel calculated the distance to about 11 light years, and this was confirmed by fresh investigations by Bessel in 1839-40 (the second paper offered). In 1842-43 it was also confirmed by C.A.F. Peters at Pulkowa. It is the first published instance of the fathom-line thrown into celestial space.Bessel communicated his observations in Comptes Rendus, in a letter to Humboldt (the offered paper dated Nov. 5, 1838), in ""Monthly Notices"" in letter to J. Herschel, and in ""Astronomische Nachrichten"" Vol. 16, No 365-66 (pp. 65-96), 1838), where a more detail account was published.Ther paper ""Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Stern des Schwans"" in ""Astronomische Nachrichten"" is dated at the end: Altona 1838, Dec. 13.Bessel's investigation was hailed by John Herschel when Bessel was awarded the R.A.S. gold medal ""The greatest and most glorious triumph which practical astronomy has ever witnessed"". ""For determining the parallax of 61 Cygni, Bessel selected two comparison stars of magnitude 9-10 at distances of roughly eight and twelve minutes of arc. 61 Cygni is a physical double star whose components differ in brightness by less than one magnitude. The distance of sixteen seconds of arc between the components favored the accuracy of the determination of the parallax because pointing could be carried out with two star images. After observing for eighteen months, by the fall of 1838 Bessel had enough measurements for the determination of a reliable parallax. He found that p = 0.314? with a mean error of ±:0.020?. This work was published in the Astronomische Nachrichten (1838), the first time the distance of a star became known. Bessel’s value for the parallax shows excellent agreement with the results obtained by extensive modern photographical parallax determinations,..."" (DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1838 A. - Shapley & Howarth ""A Source Book in Astronomy"", pp. 216 ff.
"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE FIRST EXPLICIT STATEMENT OF THE ENERGY-MASS EQUATION !!
Reference : 47457
(1907)
Über die vom Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. (On the Inertia of Energy Required by the Relativity Principle).
Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. A small stamp on titlepage (Gmelin.Institut.). Internally clean and fine.
First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein ""Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: ""Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"""", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.
"BESSEL, (FRIEDRICH WILHELM) - THE FIRST MEASURE OF THE DISTANCE TO A STAR.
Reference : 49473
(1838)
Observations pour déterminer la parallaxe annuelle de la 61e étoile du Cygne. - Extrait d'une Lettre de M. Bessel à M. de Humboldt. Note de M.Arago sur le même sujet. (Séance du Lundi 5 Novembre 1838). (+) Nouvelles observations sur la parallaxe annu...
Paris, Bachelier, 1838 a. 1840. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 7, No 19 and Tome 10, No 17/18. With title-ages to vol. 7 and 10. Pp. (769-) 803 a. pp. (671-) 717. (Entire issues offered). Bessel's papers: pp. 785-793 a. pp. 703-710. Stamp on both titlepages. The second titlepage with a fes brownspots, otherwise clean and fine.
First appearance of a milestone paper in astronomy, giving the solution of the great problem of distances in the universe which had baffled astronomers ever since the time of Copernicus, announcing the FIRST SUCCESSFUL DISPLACEMENT OR PARALLAX OF A FIXED STAR and hence deducing the FIRST RELIABLE DISTANCE OF THE EARTH TO A FIXED STAR. The parallax observed corresponded to ab. 600.000 times that of the earth from the sun. On these grounds Bessel calculated the distance to about 11 light years, and this was confirmed by fresh investigations by Bessel in 1839-40 (the second paper offered). In 1842-43 it was also confirmed by C.A.F. Peters at Pulkowa. It is the first published instance of the fathom-line thrown into celestial space.Bessel communicated his observations in Comptes Rendus, in a letter to Humboldt (the offered paper dated Nov. 5, 1838), in ""Monthly Notices"" in letter to J. Herschel, and in ""Astronomische Nachrichten"" Vol. 16, No 365-66 (pp. 65-96), 1838), where a more detail account was published.Ther paper ""Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Stern des Schwans"" in ""Astronomische Nachrichten"" is dated at the end: Altona 1838, Dec. 13.Bessel's investigation was hailed by John Herschel when Bessel was awarded the R.A.S. gold medal ""The greatest and most glorious triumph which practical astronomy has ever witnessed"". ""For determining the parallax of 61 Cygni, Bessel selected two comparison stars of magnitude 9-10 at distances of roughly eight and twelve minutes of arc. 61 Cygni is a physical double star whose components differ in brightness by less than one magnitude. The distance of sixteen seconds of arc between the components favored the accuracy of the determination of the parallax because pointing could be carried out with two star images. After observing for eighteen months, by the fall of 1838 Bessel had enough measurements for the determination of a reliable parallax. He found that p = 0.314? with a mean error of ±:0.020?. This work was published in the Astronomische Nachrichten (1838), the first time the distance of a star became known. Bessel’s value for the parallax shows excellent agreement with the results obtained by extensive modern photographical parallax determinations,..."" (DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1838 A. - Shapley & Howarth ""A Source Book in Astronomy"", pp. 216 ff.
DONNÉ, A. (ALFRED). - FIRST DESCRIPTION OF INFECTION BY TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.
Reference : 51497
(1836)
Animalcules observés dans les matières purulentes et le produit des sécretions des organes génitaux de l'homme et de la femme" extrait d'une lettre de M.A. Donné.
(Paris, Bachelier), 1836. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 3, Séance Lundi 19 sept. Pp. (375-) 392. (Entire issue offered). Donné's paper: pp. 385-386.
First printing of the paper, being the first to describe living organisms in pathological conditions.""First description of Trichomonas vaginalis, which Donné at first believed to be the pernicious gonorrhoea. He later admitted the organism to be a normal inhabitant of the female genital tract. Donné was, by this work, the first to describe livig organisms in pathological conditions, as observed by modern methods."" (Garrison & Morton No. 5207).
"EINSTEIN, ALBERT. - THE FIRST EXPLICIT STATEMENT OF THE ENERGY-MASS EQUATION !!
Reference : 53408
(1907)
Über die vom Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. (On the Inertia of Energy Required by the Relativity Principle).
Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed and light wear to spineends. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. Stamps on titlepage (Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft a. AEG Forschungsinstitut). Internally clean.
First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein ""Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: ""Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"""", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18. Further with 2 importent papers by Max v. Laue.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.
"WESSEL, CASPAR. - THE FIRST SYSTEMATICAL THREATMENT OF COMPLEX NUMBERS.
Reference : 58364
(1797)
Om Directionens analytiske Betegning, et forsøg, anvendt fornemmelig til plane og sphæriske Polygoners Opløsning. (Essai sur la représentation analytique de la direction, avec des applications, en particular à la détermination des polygones plans et d...
Kiøbenhavn, Johan Rudolph Thiele, (1797) 1799. 4to. Uncut and unopened in original blue boards. Published in: ""Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter."" Vol. V. Wessel's paper: pp.469-518 and 3 folded engraved plates (the last plate inserted at p. 463). The whole volume V offered in its original binding. Engraved titlevignette. XII,670 pp., 15 engraved plates. 4 leaves with upper right corners gone, not affecting Wessel's paper.
First edition of this important first systematical treatment of the theory of complex numbers and at the same time, the first work to add vectors in three-dimensional space.""Wessel’s fame as a mathematician is based entirely on one paper, written in Danish and published in the Mémoires of the Royal Danish Academy, that established his priority in publication of the geometric representation of complex numbers. John Wallis had given a geometric representation of the complex roots of quadratic equations in 1685"" Gauss had had the idea as early as 1799 but did not explicitly publish it until 1831. Robert Argand’s independent publication in 1806 must be credited as the source of this concept in modern mathematics because Wessel’s work remained essentially unknown until 1895, when its significance was pointed out by Christian Juel. The title of Wessel’s treatise calls it an ""attempt"" to give an analytic representation of both distance and direction that could be used to solve plane and spherical polygons. The connection of this goal with Wessel’s work as a surveyor and cartographer is obvious. The statement of the problem also suggests that Wessel should be credited with an early formulation of vector addition. In fact, Michael J. Crowe, in A History of Vector Analysis (University of Notre Dame Press, 1967), defines the first period in that history as that of a search for hypercomplex numbers to be used in space analysis and dates it from the time of Wessel, whom he calls the first to add vectors in three-dimensional space."" (DSB).
"WHEWELL, WILLIAM - A PIONEER-WORK ON TIDES WITH THE FIRST COTIDAL WORLD-MAP.
Reference : 42692
(1833)
Essay towards a First Approximation to a Map of Cotidal Lines. Read May 2, 1833.
(London, Richard Taylor, 1833). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1833 - Part I. Pp. 147-236, a few textillustr.,1 engraved plate and 2 large folded engraved maps (a general, representing the greater part of the world (42x93 cm) and Chart of the British Isles, drawn and engraved by J.& C. Walker.). A small tear to world map. Clean and fine.
First appearance of this classic, pioneering paper on the investigation of tidal phenomena. It is the first in a series of 16 papers Whewell made for the Royal Society. It contains the first printed cotidal world-map.""Whewell took over the subject of mapping cotidal lines from Lubbock with entusiasm....He exercised the pioneer's privilege of coining new words and phrases appropriate to his subject. Many failed to stick, some phrases of Whewell's origin still occasionally used are: 'age of the tides', 'luni-tidal interval', 'semi-menstrual inequality' etc, etc....Whewell's initial cotidal map for the world ocean was presented in his first paper of 1833 (the paper offered). By his own admission, it was entirely preliminary and tentative, what nowadays might be called a ""strawman"", to stimulate discussionm. He later (1836) suggested smll modifications, especially near the coast of North America"" these were incorporated in an 'improved' world map by G.B. Airy in his celebrated tratise on ""Tides and wave"", (Cartwright in ""Tides. A Scientific History"", pp.110-112.)
"FARADAY, M. (MICHAEL). - THE FIRST PERFORMED SUBSTITUTION REACTION IN CHEMISTRY.
Reference : 43117
(1821)
On two new compounds of Chlorine and Carbon, and on a new compound of Iodine, Carbon, and Hydrogen. By Mr. Faraday, ChemicalAssistent in the Royal Institution. Read December 21, 1820.
(London, W. Bulmer and W. Nicol, 1821). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1821 - Part I. Pp. 47-74. Clean and fine.
First appearance of Faraday's first breakthrough in chemistry as he here synthesized for the first time chloro-carbons.""In 1820 he (Faraday) produced the first known compounds of chlorine and carbon, C2Cl6 and C2Cl4. These compounds had been produced by the substitution of chlorine for hydrogen in ""olefiant gas"", our modern ethylene. This was the first substitution reaction"" such reactions, in the hands of Charles Gerhardt and August Laurent in the 1840's, were to be used as a serious challenge to the dualistic electrochemical theories of J.J. Berzelius."" (DSB IV, p. 531).Parkinson ""Breakthrough"" 1820 C.
ROBIQUET, (PIERRE JEAN) - THE DISCOVERY OF THE FIRST AMINO ACID.
Reference : 45516
(1805)
Essai analytique des asperges"
Paris, Chez Bernard, AN XIII (1805). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires.."" Vol. 55, Cahier 2 (30 Thermidor an XIII). Pp. 113-224 (entire issue offered). Htitle to vol. 55 present. Robiquet's paper: pp. 152-171.
First appearance of Robiquet's first chemical paper, in which he relates his discovery of asparagine by analysis of asparagus juice, the first amino acid to be discovered. The following year he made the first isolation of this amino acid together with Vaguelin. Pierre Jean Robiquet was a French chemist, who laid founding work in identifying amino acids, the fundamental bricks of proteins, through recognizing the first of them, asparagin, in 1806, in the take up of the industry of industrial dyes, with the identification of alizarin in 1826, and in the emergence of modern medications, through the identification of codeine in 1832, a powerful molecule today of widespread use with analgesic and antidiarrheal properties.
"NITZE, MAX. - FOUNDING UROLOGY - THE FIRST TEXTBOOK IN UROLOGY
Reference : 46232
(1889)
Lehrbuch der Kystoskopie. Ihre Technik und klinische Bedeutung. Mit 6 Tafeln und 26 Abbildungen im Texte.
Wiesbaden, J.F. Bergmann, 1889. Contemp. hcalf. Raised bands, gilt, titlelabel in leather with gilt lettering. Compartments richly blindtooled. A small crack to backhinge, board still holding. VIII,(1),319,(1) pp. 5 lithographed plates (numb. I-V, No. I in chromolitography) and 1 folded woodengraved plate (Tafel A). Internally fine and clean, but with some pencil undrlinings (easy toremove) and some underlinings in ink on the last leaves (from p. 304 ff).
First edition of Nitze's important monograph on cystoscopy, which revolutionized the surgery of the bladder. The first edition is of renowned scarcity.""The invention of the cystoscope by Nitze revolutionized endoscopy but his true genius lay in his lifelong pursuit of better methods to diagnose and treat patients with urological diseases and in teaching others the practical use and value of cystoscopy. He also designed the first operating cystoscope, took the first endoscopic photographs and published the first textbook in urology... The legacy of discovery of Max Nitze established the specialty of urology and a legitimate claim as the father of urology"" (Harry W. Herr).Garrison & Morton: 4184.
"DRAPER, (JOHN) WILLIAM. - THE FIRST DAGUERREOTYPE PORTRAIT.
Reference : 46912
(1840)
On the Process of Daguerreotype, and its application to taking Portraits from the Life.
London, Richard and John Taylor, 1840. Contemp. hcalf. A nic to spine at upper hinge. Hinges weakening (not loose). Gilt lettering to spine ""Philosophical Magazine"" - Vol.XVII. In: ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. Conducted by David Brewster et al."". Vol. XVII. A stamp to titlepage and a few other pages. Entire volume offered. VIII,552 pp. Draper'spaper: pp. 217-225.
First printing of the famous paper in which Draper relates how he was able to made the first photographic portrait on a daguerreotype plate, giving an ennormously long exposure. The subject of the portrait, Draper's assistant, powdered his face with flour and sat in front of the camera for a half hour facing the sunlight.Draper stated that it is possible to make portraits in full sunlight, using mirrors as light reflectors. ""But in the reflected sunshine, the eye cannot support the effulgence of the rays. It is therefore necessary to pass them through some blue medium, which shall abstract from them their heat and take away their offensive brilliancy. Ihave used for this purpose blue glass, and also ammoniaco-sulphate of copper, contained in a large trough of plate glass, the interstice being about an inch thick."" (p. 217 in the paper offerd).""Draper first achieved wide celebrity for his pioneering work in photography. As early as 1837, while still in Virginia, he had followed the example of Wedgwood and Davy in making temporary copies of objects by the action of light on sensitized surfaces. When the details of Daguerre’s process for fixing camera images were published in various New York newspapers on 20 September 1839, Draper was ready for the greatest remaining challenge, to take a photographic portrait. A New York mechanic, Alexander S. Wolcott, apparently won the race by 7 October. But if Draper knew of this, he persisted in his own experiments and succeeded in taking a portrait not later than December 1839. His communication to the Philosophical Magazine, dated 31 March 1840, was the first report received in Europe of any photographer’s success in portraiture. The superb likeness of his sister Dorothy Catharine, taken not later than July 1840, with an exposure of sixty-five seconds, seems to be the oldest surviving photographic portrait.""(DSB).The volume contains also Michael Faraday's importent letter to Gay-Lussac on induction in the first English version. ""On Magneto-electric induction."", pp. 281-89 a. pp.356-366. (Originally published in French in ""Annales de Chimie et Physique"" in 1832.
"GOETHE, (JOHAN WOLFGANG von). FIRST PRINTINGS (of Reineche Fuchs etc.).
Reference : 28862
(1792)
Neue Schriften. Erster, Zweyter, (Vierter) u. (Fünfter) Band (von sieben).
Bln., Bei Johann Friedrich Unger, 1792 - 95. 8vo. Four cont. uniform hcalfs w. gilt backs and green tome-labels, worn title-labels. Backs and corners somewhat worn. Internally some brownspotting. One folded egr. plate, four folded musical notes.
Volume one containing the first printing of ""Der Grosse-Cophta"", ""Des Joseph Balsamo, genannt Cagliostro, Stammbaum.""Volume two containing the first printing of ""Reineke Fuchs"".Volume four containing the first printing of ""Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre, Drittes - Viertes Buch.""Volume five containing the first printing of ""Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre, Fünftes - Sechstes Buch.""Hagen 14: 1, 2, 4 and 5.Probably due to the book-description on the half-titles of Wilhelm Meister (Drittes Buch etc.), the title-pages of volume four and five have been confused with those of volume five and three, thus volume four is with the title-page of volume five, and volume five with that of volume three.
"DALTON, JOHN. - THE FIRST PAPER ON MODERN ATOMIC THEORY - GERMAN EDITION.
Reference : 43629
(1808)
Ueber die Absorption der Gasarten durch Wasser und andere tropfbare Flüssigkeiten. Frei bearbeitet von Gilbert. Mit einigen Zusätzen.
(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1808). Without wrappers as published in ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 28, Viertes Stück. The entire issue offered (=Heft 4). Titlepage to vol. 28 (small stamps on verso). Pp. 377-496 a. 3 engraved plates. Dalton's paper: pp. 397-416 a. 1 engraved plate showing apparatus.
First appearence i German of Dalton's epoch-making paper in which is contained THE FIRST CLEAR STATEMENT OF MODERN ATOMIC THEORY and having the FIRST LIST OF ATOMIC WEIGHTS ""Verhältniss der Gewichte der kleinsten Theilschen von gasförmigen und andern Körpern."" (Table of the relative weights of the ultimate particles of gaseous and other bodies). The paper offered is a free translation of Dalton's paper ""On the Absorption of Gases by Water and Other Liquids"", published 1805 in ""Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester"".""The paper was read to the Manchester Philosophical Society by Dalton in 1803 and printed in 1805. The appended table in this paper is the first list of atomic weights. Dalton, in this publication, took the law which William henry had recently enunciated (that the amount of of gas absorbed by a liquid is proportional to the pressure) and extended it to apply to mixtures of gases, using his own law of partial pressures."" (Leicester & Klicktein ""A Source Book in Chemistry"", p. 258).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1803 C.- Smyth No. 38.
"DAVY, HUMPHRY - FOUNDATION OF ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY - FIRST GERMAN EDITION.
Reference : 44096
(1808)
Ueber die chemischen Wirkungen der Electricität. (Vorgelesen in der königl. Societät zu London, als Bakerian Lecture am 20sten Novemb. 1806). Frei übersetzt von Gilbert. 2 Theile.
(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1808). Without wrappers as published in ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 28, Erstes u. Zweites Stück. Pp. 1-160 a. 1 folded engraved map. + pp. 161-256 a. 1 engraved plate.The entire issues offered. Davy's paper: pp. 1-43. a. pp. 161-202.
First German edition of ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT CONTRIBUTIONS EVER MADE TO CHEMICAL SCIENCE, as Davy here outlined a theory of mass action, forcast the use of electricity in atomic disintegration and announced the isolation by electrolytic methods of two new elements, sodium and potassium. He used the most powerful electric battery of the time, a voltaic pile, invented 1800 by Volta.""Humphrey Davy...was among the first to investigate the decomposition of water. In 1806 he delivered a Bakerian Lecture (the paper offered here in the German version) before the Royal Society of London ""On some chemical agencies of electricity"" (1807), which pointed out several fallacies in the theory of electrolysis. Davy's experiments on the chemical effects of electrical currents on substances, causing their decomposition, led to his discovery of several new elements: potassium (1807), sodium (1807), barium (1808), calcium (1808), and boron (1808)"" (Milestone of Science No. 52) - Davy's first Bakerian Lecture won a Prize from Napoleon, even though France and England were at War. - Partington vol. IV pp. 42 ff. - PMM No 255 (note). - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1807 C.The issue contains also Heron de Villefosse: ""Nivellement des Harzgebirges mit dem Barometer"", pp. 49-114 a. 1 engraved folded map.Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian Lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity ""one of the best memoirs which has ever enriched the theory of chemistry."" This paper was central to any chemical affinity theory in the first half of the nineteenth century.
PIRIA, R. (RAFFAELE). - THE FIRST PREPARATION OF SALICYLIC ACID THE MAIN COMPONENT OF ASPIRIN.
Reference : 45623
(1838)
Recherches sur la Salicine et les Produits qui en dérivent.
(Paris, Crochard et Comp., 1838). No wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', 2e series, Volume 69, third- issue, pp. 225-352 (entire issue offered). Piria's paper: pp. 281-325.
First appearance of the paper in which Piria relates how he for the first time prepared Salicylic Acid in its pure state. Salicylic acid occurs naturally in the bark of plants such as willow trees and is used to create aspirin and skin care products. Salicylic acid, whether used internally or externally, is associated with some potential hazards. Henri Leroux had extracted salicin, in crystalline form for the first time, but Piria was the first to extract its pure form.Garrison & Morton: No 1857 (referring to the same paper published a year later in Comptes Rendues).
