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Experimental Researches in Electricity. (Twenty-second Series). [Offprint: Philosophical Transactions, Part 1 for 1849]. - [INSCRIBED BY FARADAY TO LORD KELVIN]
London: Richard and John E. Taylor, 1849. Large 4to. (300x231mm). Original blank wrappers. Some small tears. Back strip proffesionally repaired with Japanese paper. With presentation-inscription by Faraday in ink on title page: ""William Thomson Esq. | St. Peters College | from the Author."" (2),41,(1:blank) pp.
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First edition, rare offprint-issue, of ""one of the great classics of chemistry and physics"". With an extremely attractive presentation-inscription from Faraday to William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), who delivered the first mathematical exposition of Faraday's researches in electricity. Thomson provided an important theoretical direction for Faraday's interpretation of his own experiments and the two colleagues motivated and inspired each other to a degree that the research and knowledge of electricity they possessed and published would not have would have been reached until many years later. The paper itself is of the utmost importance, since much of Faraday's groundbreaking research published in 1831-1839 contained many shortcomings and errors which are corrected in this publication. ""The corrected second edition of volume 1 is preferred, because the first edition (London 1839) contained many errors"". (Neville, Historical Chemical Library).""In June 1849 William Thomson wrote to Michael Faraday suggesting that the concept of a uniform magnetic field could be used to predict the motions of small magnetic and diamagnetic bodies. [...] There had been an important exchange of ideas between the two, who had a common interest in explaining voltaic, electrostatic, magnetic, optical, and thermal phenomena. They meet every year between 1845 (where they became acquainted) and 1849"". (Gooding, Faraday, Thomson, and the Concept of the Magnetic Field).In 1845 Thomson gave the first mathematical development of Faraday's idea that electric induction takes place through an intervening medium, or ""dielectric"", and not by some imprecise ""action at a distance"". He also devised a hypothesis of electrical images, which became a powerful agent in solving problems of electrostatics, or the science which deals with the forces of electricity at rest. It was partly in response to his encouragement that Faraday undertook the research in September 1845 that led to the discovery of the Faraday Effect, which established that light and magnetic (and thereby electric) phenomena were related.Faraday was also the direct cause of William Thomson's work on the transatlantic submarine telegraph cable. In 1854, Faraday had demonstrated how the construction of a cable would limit the rate at which messages could be sent, which later would be termed the bandwidth. Thomson immediately looked into the problem and published his response the same month Faraday had published his observations. Thomson expressed his results in terms of the data rate that could be achieved and the economic consequences in terms of the potential revenue of the transatlantic undertaking. In 1855, Thomson stressed the impact that the design of the cable would have on its profitability. Thomson's work on the cable consequently resulted in a complete system for operating a submarine telegraph that was capable of sending a character every 3.5 seconds. He patented the key elements of his system, the mirror galvanometer and the siphon recorder, in 1858.From 1831 to 1852, Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title. They represent Faraday's most important work, are classics in both chemistry and physics, and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Faraday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism, and many others.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never cease to be read with admiration and delight"" and future generation will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit."" (Whittaker, A History of the Theories of Aether & Electricity, p. 197).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - COINING THE WORDS ELECTRODE, ANODE, CATHODE, ION, ANION, AND CATION.
Reference : 48202
(1834)
Fünfte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. 11. Von der elektrochemischen Zerasetzung.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 32 (= 2. Reihe, Bd. 2). VIII,666 pp. a. 5 folded lithographed plates. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's paper: pp. 401-453 a. 1 lithographed plate. Stamp to verso of titlepage and verso of plates. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.
First appearance in German - prepared by Faraday himself for publication in Annalen - of an importent historical paper in chemistry and physics in which Faraday reexamines some of his earlier views on electro-chemical decomposition and critizises in detail the theories of Grotthuss, Davy, Riffault and Chompré, Biot, De la Rive and Hachette. Here Faraday's give coins the names, still in use, for several electrical phenomena.""For his next series of researches (the paper offered), Faraday reverted to subjects which had been among the first to attract him as an apprentice attending Davy's lectures"" the voltaic pile, and the relation of electricity to chemistry......To test the doctrine (of Davy and De La Rive) of the influence of terminals, Faraday moistened a piece of paper in a saline solution, and supported it in the air on wax, so as to occupy part of the interval between two needle points which were connected with an electric machine...under these circumstances it was found thet the salt underwent decomposition......Since in this case no metallic terminals of any kind were in contact with the solution it was evident that all hypotheses which attributed decomposition to the action of the terminals were untenable...many of the perplexities which had harassed the older theories were at once removed when the phenomena were regarded from Faraday's point of view.""(Whittaker).""Faraday's paper, 'on electrochemical decompositions, is mostly a review and criticism of earlier theories of electrolysis and the statement of his own theory tat: 'electr-chemical decomposition does not depend upon any direct attraction and repulsion of the poles (meaning thereby the metallic terminations either of the voltaic battery, or ordinary electrical machine arrangements).' Decomposition occurs on pieces of paper not directly connected with the poles of an electrical machine, the silent discharge passing throug the air."" (Partington IV:p. 115).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL.. - FARADAY'S DOCTRINE OF THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.
Reference : 42287
(1840)
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Sixteenth Series. 24. On the source of power in the voltaic pile. i. Exiting electrolytes, &c. being conductors of thermo and feeble currents. ii. Inactive conducting circles containing an electrolytic fluid...
(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1840). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1840 - Part I. Pp. 61-91 and 1 engraved plate. + Pp. 93-127. Both papers Clean and fine.
First appearance of a historical paper in chemistry and physiscs in which Faraday announces his principle, that for all known cases of energy, the energy is not generated, but only transformed. The principle he showed applied to the voltaic cell, and he used it to argue against the so-called contact school in chemistry. The process imagined by the contact school ""would indeed be a creation of power, like no other force in nature"". There is no such thing in the world as ""a pure creation of force"" a production of power without a corresponding exhaustion of something to supply it.""""In his very long paper 'on the source of power in the voltaic pile', divided into two parts (XVI and XVII, 1840), faraday marshalled what he thought was owewhelming evidence against the contact theory in favour of the chemical theory.""(Partington: A History of Chemistry IV: p. 138).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never cease to be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
The Bakerian Lecture. - Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Twenty-fourth Series. 30. On the possible relation of Gravity to Electricity. (Sections 2702-2717). received August 1,- Read November 28, 1850.
(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 1-6.
First appearance of a historical paper in physiscs in which Faraday tries to unite all forces in nature. His experiments yielded a negative result.""The long and constant persuasion that all forces of nature are mutually dependent, having one common origin, or rather being different manifestations of one fundamental power, has made me often think upon the possibility of establishing, by experiment, a connection between gravity and electricity, and so introducing the former into the group, the chain of which, including also magnetism, chemical force and heat, binds so many and such varied exhibitions of force together by common relations. Though the researches I have made with this object in view have produced only negative results, yet I think a short statement of the matter, as it has presented itself to my mind, andof the result of the experiments, which offering at first much to encourage, were only reduced to their true value by most careful searchings after sources of error, may be useful, both as a general statement of the problem, and as awakening the minds of others to its consideration.""(Faraday section 2702).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Sur les Mouvemens électro-magnétiques et la théorie du magnétisme. (Traduit par M. Anatole-Riffault). + (André-Marie Ampere et Felix Savary:) Notes relatives au Mémoire de M. Faraday. - [ THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS"" (FRENCH EDITION).]
Paris, Crochard, 1821. 8vo. In contemporary half calf. Wear to extremities and hindges weak. Weak dampstain to lower inner margin, not affecting text. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 18 (Septembre Cahier). Entire volume offered. [Faraday's paper:] pp. 337-370 and 2 folded engraved plates (showing the experimental apparatus). [Ampère & Savary's Notes:] pp. 370-379. [Entire volume: 448 pp. + 5 plates.
First French edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first French edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).
Sur les Mouvemens électro-magnétiques et la théorie du magnétisme. (Traduit par M. Anatole-Riffault). + (André-Marie Ampere et Felix Savary:) Notes relatives au Mémoire de M. Faraday. - [ THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS"" (FRENCH EDITION).]
Paris, Crochard, 1821. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Traces of paper label to lower part of spine. Light wear to extremities and small stamp to title page. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 17 & 18 (Septembre Cahier). Entire volume offered. A fine copy. [Faraday's paper:] pp. 337-370 and 2 folded engraved plates (showing the experimental apparatus). [Ampère & Savary's Notes:] pp. 370-379. [Entire volume: 448 pp. + 1 plate"" 448 pp. + 5 plates.
First French edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian Oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first French edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS"" (FRENCH EDITION).
Reference : 43750
(1821)
Sur les Mouvemens électro-magnétiques et la théorie du magnétisme. (Traduit par M. Anatole-Riffault). + (André-Marie Ampere et Felix Savary:) Notes relatives au Mémoire de M. Faraday.
(Paris, Crochard, 1821). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 18 (Septembre Cahier). Pp. 337-443. (Entire issue offered). Faraday's paper: pp. 337-370 a. 2 folded engraved plates (showing the experimental apparatus). Ampère & Savary's Notes: pp. 370-379. Clean and fine.
First French edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first French edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - FARADAY'S LAW IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY ANNOUNCED.
Reference : 48204
(1833)
Dritte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. VII ( 7). Einerleiheit der Elektrischen verschiedenen Ursprungs. VIII ( 8). Maas-Beziehung zwischen der gemeinen und voltaischen Elektricität.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1833. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 29. X,514 pp. a. 1 folded lithographed plate. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's papers: pp. 274-304 a. 365-380, 1 litographed plate. Stamp to verso of titlepage and verso of plates. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.
First appearance of this milestone paper in which Faraday announces his discovery of the laws of electrochemistry, which today bears his name. The first law states that the quantity of electrochemical change is proportional to the quantity of electricity involved. (Sections 373-377), or in other words that there is a certain absolute quantity of the electric power associated with each atom !!. In the paper offered he further announces his proof, that the 2 kinds of electricity, frictional (resinous) and voltaic (vitrious) are identical. ""...in 1833 he succeeded in showing that every known effect of electricity - physiological, magnetis, luminous, calorific, chemical and mechanical - may be obtained from indifferently either witt the electricity which is obtained by friction or with that obtained from a voltaic battery. henceforth the identity of the two was beyond doubt.""(Whittaker p. 175.).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.
Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricitát. (22., 24., 25., 26., 27., 28., 29. Reihe. - 23. Reihe published in an earlier volume)
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Ergänzungsband III. VIII,632 pp. a. 5 folded lithographed plates. (Entire volume offered). Faraday's paper2: pp. 1-64, 64-72, 73-108, 108-146 + 187-232, 481-534, 535-541,542-545. Stamp on htitle and titlepage. Internally fine and clean.
First appearance in German - prepared by Faraday himself for publication in Annalen, except 28. and 29. Reihe, which is translations from the ahortened papers from ""Proceedings"". Here Faraday investigates many electro-magnetic phenomena, tries to unite the different forces of nature, revises his theory of diamagnetic bodies, discovers magnetocrystallic effects, defines his key concept ""lines of force"" etc. etc.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Sixth Series. 12. On the power of Metals and other Solids to induce the Combination of Gaseous Bodies. (Sections 564-660). Recieved November 30, 1833, - Read January 11, 1834.
(London, Richard Taylor, 1834). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1834 - Part I. Pp. 55-76 a. 1 engraved plate.
First appearance of a historical paper in chemistry and physiscs in which Faraday detects a new recombination-effect in electrolysis.""In the course of his experimental investigations of a general and importent law of electro-chemical action, which required the accurate measurement of thegases evolved during the decomposition of water and other substances, the author was lead to the detection of a curious effect, which had never been previously noticed, and of which the knowledge, had he before possessed it, would have prevented many of the errors and inconsistencies occurring in the conclusions he at first deduced from his earlier experiments. The phenomena observed was the gradual recombination of elements which had been previously separated from each other by voltaic action. This happened when, after water had been decomposed by voltaic electricity, the mixed gases resulting from such decomposition were left in contact with the platina wires or plates, which had acted as poles"" for under these circumstances they gradually diminished in vo.umes, water was reprioduced, and at lust the whole of the gases disappeared.""(Abstract) - Faraday explains the causes of this recombination.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Seventh Series. 11. On Electro-chemical Decomposition, continued. iv. On some general conditions of Electro-decompositions. v. On a new Measure of Volta-electricity. vi. On the primitive or swecondary charac...
(London, Richard Taylor, 1834). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1834 - Part I. Pp. 77-122. Fine and clean.
First appearance of this milestone paper in which Faraday announces the discoveries of further laws of electrochemistry, stating the general relations of electricity to chemistry and introducing new terms with precise meanings. The first part of the paper introduces his new terminology, giving the words a limited and precise meaning. These words, devised with the assistance of William Whewell, are now familiar to all chemists, electrode, anode, cathode, ion, anion, and cation. He also introduces the ""Volta-electrometer"", and arrives at the ""Law of electro-chemical equivalents"". The paper offered is one of Farday's most famous papers.""Another section of the paper is devoted to a closer examination of the law of constant electrochemical action with respect to water and to the development of a gas electrometer to measure quantities of electricity. Faraday's ""Volta-electrometer"" provided the first practical means for the quantitative measurement of electricity."" (Source Book in Chemistry p. 280-81).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Eight Series. 14. On the Electricity of the Voltaic Plate" its source, quantity, intensity, and general Characters. i. On simple Voltaic Circles. ii. On the intensity necessary for Electrolyzation. iii. On a...
(London, Richard Taylor, 1834). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1834 - Part II. Pp. 425-470 a. 1 engraved plate. Clean and fine.
First appearance of a historical paper in chemistry and physiscs in which Faraday brings forth the idea ""that the atoms of matter are in some way endowed or associated with electrical powers, to which they owe their most striking qualities, and amongst them their mutual chemical affinity."" He showed how natural it is to suppose that the electricity which passes through the electrolyte is exact equivaklent of that which is possessed by the atoms separated at the electrode: which implies that there is A CERTAIN ABSOLUTE QUANTITY OF THE ELECTRIC POWER ASSOCIATED WITH EACH ATOM OF MATTER.- Faraday further verifies, that the electricity of the violtaic pile is proportionate in its intensity to the intensity of the affinities concerned in its production. - Dealing with the the decompositions in electrolysis, he shows that THE FORCES TERMED CHEMICAL AFFINITY AND ELECTRICITY ARE THE SAME.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL.. - SELF-INDUCTION DISCOVERED AND INVESTIGATED.
Reference : 42284
(1835)
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Ninth Series. . 15. On the Influence of an Electric Current on itself: - and on the inductive action of Electric Currents generally. (Sections 1048-1118). Received December 18, 1834.- Read January 29, 1835.
(London, Richard Taylor, 1835). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1835 - Part I. Pp. 41-56., 1 textillustr. Clean and fine.
First appearance of a historical paper in which Faraday (independent of Henry's discovery of the same phenomena in 1832)discovers SELF-INDUCTION or the ""extra current"" and points out the importent influence it must have in the construction of electr-magnetic machines (electro-motors).""Faraday showed that the powerful momentary current, which was observed when the circuit was interrupted, was really an induced current governed by the same laws as all other induced currents, but with this peculiarity, that the induced and inducing current now flowed in the same circuit. In fact, the current in its steady state establishes in the surrounding region a magnetic field, whose lines of force are linked with the circuit"" and teh removal of these lines of forcewhen the circuit is broken originates an induced current, which reatly reinforces the primary current just before its final extinction.""(Whittaker in ""A History of the Aether and Electricity"")""In the series of experiments which are detailed in this paper, the author inquires into the causes of some remarkable phenomena relating to the action of an electrical current upon itself, under certain circumstances, wherby its intensity is highly exalted, and occasionally increased to ten, twenty, or even fifty times that which it originally possessed.""(Abstract).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).The paper is reprinted in Magie: A Source Book in Physics p.485 ff.
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Twenty-sixth Series. 32. Magnetic conducting power. i. Magnetic conduction. ii. Conducting polarity. iii. Magnecrystallic conduction. 33. Atmospheric magnetism. i. General principles (+) Twenty-seventh Ser...
(London, Richard Taylor, 1851). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1851 - Part I. Pp. 29-84, textillustr. and pp. 85-122, textillustr. Both papers clean and fine.
First appearance of a historical paper in physiscs in which Faraday on purely theoretical grounds predicts the magnecrystallic effect and experimentally proves this prediction to be correct.Faraday was successfull in explaining the diagmagnetic phenomena with his lines of magnetics force, and he now applies his concept of ""lines of force"" to magnecrystallic bodies. ""A magnecrystallicsubstance would then be one which in the crystallised state would conduct onwards, or permit the exrtion of the magnetic force with more facility in one direction than another"" and that direction would be the magnecrystallic axis. hence, when in the magnetic field, the magnecrystallic axis would be urged into a position coincident with the magnetic axis, by a force correspondent to that difference, just as two different bodies were taken, when one with the greater conducting power displaces that which is weaker"" The prediction was shown to be correct"" a body like bismuth became less magnetc when its axis was parallel to the magnetic axis than when it is perpendicular to it.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whitta
FARADAY, MICHAEL. .- THE ORIGIN OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT.
Reference : 42292
(1852)
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Twenty-eight Series. 36. On the Lines of Magnetic Force their definite character" and their distribution within a Magnet and through Space. (Sections 3070-3176). Recieved October 22, - Read November 27 and ...
(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1852). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1852 - Part I. Pp. 25-56, textillustr. Clean and fine.
First appearance of a historical paper in electromagnetical theory. Faraday in this paper defines his key concept ""lines of force"" and summarizes in what connections he used it and he shows how it explains the pehenomena of magnetism and electricity. His insistance of the importence of the electromagnetic fields of force was the historical starting point of the electrical side of modern theories of field physics. Maxwell later translated these ideas into mathematical form, and developed them into his theory of electromagnetic waves.Especially notable in this paper is: As all space is permeated by lines of force, Faraday suggests that light and radiant heat might be tranverse vibrations propagated along these lines of force. In this way he proposed to ""dismiss the aether"" and to replace it by lines of force between centres, the centres together with their lines of force constituting the particles of material substance. If the existance of a luminiferous aether were to be admitted he suggests that it might be the vehicle of magnetic force ""for it is not at all unlikely that if there be an aether, it should have other uses than simply the conveyance of radiations"" (section 3075 in this paper offered). This sentece may be regarded as THE ORIGIN OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT (Whittaker in: A History of the theories of the Aether and Electricity, I: pp. 194-95).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS"" (GERMAN EDITION).
Reference : 43751
(1822)
Ueber electrisch-magnetische ewegungen, und die Theorie des Magnetismus"" von Faraday, chem. Assistenten in d. Roy. Inst. (geschrieben London d. 11 Sept. 1821: mit Anmerkungen von einem Freunde des Hrn Ampère. Frei bearbeitet und mit einigen Erläuterun...
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1822. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie. Hrsg. Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 71. Titlepage to vol. 71, pp. 124-171 a. pp. 172-176 and 1 folded engraved plate showing experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.
First German edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first German edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).
"FARADAY, MICHAEL. - ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION OF LIQUIDS ""A NEW LAW OF ELECTRIC CONDUCTION"".
Reference : 45160
(1834)
Vierte Reihe von Experimental-Untersuchungen über Elektricität. (Aus einem vom Hrn. Verfasser übersandten besonderen Abzug seiner Abhandlung in den Philosop. Transact. f. 1833). ( 380-449).
(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1834). Without wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff"", Bd. 31, No 15-17. Faraday's paper:pp. 225-245. Clean and fine.
First appearance in German of this importent paper in which Faraday announces his discoveries of the conductability of liquids ""a new law of electric conduction"".""The author, while prosecuting his rechearches on electr-chemical decomposition, oberved some phenomena which, appeared to be referable to a general law of electric conduction not hitherto recognized. He found that an electric current from a voltaic battery, which is readily conducted by water, did not pass through ice: even the thinnest film of iice, interposed in the circuit, was sufficient to intercept all electrical influence of such low intensities as that produced, by the voltaic apparatus, although it allows of the transmission of electricity of such high intensity that ecited by the common electrical machine. The author ascertained that a great number of other substances, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, do not conduct the electric current from the volataic battery until they are liquified."" (Abstract).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in 'A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity' p. 197.
Experimental Researches in Electricity. Fourth Series. 9. On a new Law of Electric Conduction. 10. On Conducting Power. (Sections 380-449). Recieved April 24, - Read May 23, 1833.
(London, Richard Taylor, 1833). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1833 - Part II. Pp. 507-522. and 1 textillustration. Fine and clean.
First appearance of this importent paper in which Faraday announces his discoveries of the conductability of liquids.""The author, while prosecuting his rechearches on electr-chemical decomposition, oberved some phenomena which, appeared to be referable to a general law of electric conduction not hitherto recognized. He found that an electric current from a voltaic battery, which is readily conducted by water, did not pass through ice: even the thinnest film of iice, interposed in the circuit, was sufficient to intercept all electrical influence of such low intensities as that produced, by the voltaic apparatus, although it allows of the transmission of electricity of such high intensity that ecited by the common electrical machine. The author ascertained that a great number of other substances, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, do not conduct the electric current from the volataic battery until they are liquified."" (Abstract).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in 'A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity' p. 197.
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Tenth Series. 16. On an improved form of the Voltaic Battery. 17. Some practical results respecting the construction and use of the Voltaic Battery. (Sections 1119-1160). Received June 16, - Read June 18, 1...
(London, Richard Taylor, 1835). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1835 - Part II. Pp. 263-274. Clean and fine.
First appearance of this paper in which Faraday describes his improvements of the Voltaic battery.""This paper relates altogether to the practical construction and use of the voltaic battery. Guided by the principles developed in former series, the author concluded that in voltaic instruments in which the copper surrounded the zinc, there was no occasion for insulation of the contiguos coppers, provided they did not come into metallic contact"" and therefore in the cionstruction of some new instruments he interposed paper only between the coppers instead of the usual insulating plate of porcelain or glass.""(Abstract)..From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Fifteenth Series. 23. Notice of the character and direction of the electric force of the Gymnotus. (Sections 1749-1795). Received November 15, - Read December 6, 1838.
(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1839). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1839 - Part I. Pp. 1-12., 1 textillustr. Some discolouring to the 2 first leaves.
First appearance of this paper in which Faraday finds, by experimenting with a species of Gymnotus (a group of electric fishes, one was send to him by Humboldt), proves that its electricity is of the same nature as all other kinds of electricity ""The skock, in very varied circumstances of position, was procured: the galvanonmets affected, magnets were made, a wire was heated, polar chemical decomposition was effected, and the spark obtained.""(Abstract).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Eighteenth Series. 25. On the electricity evolved by the friction of water and steam against other bodies. (Sections 2075-2145). Recieved January 26,- Read Februsry 2, 1843.
(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1843). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1843 - Part I. Pp. 17-31 and 1 engraved plate. Margin of pp. 21/22 with a faint dampstain.
First appearance of this paper in which Faraday traces ""the source of the electricity which accompanies the issue of steam of high pressure from the vessels in which it is contained. By means of a suitable apparatus, which the author describes and delineates, he found that electricity is never excited by the passage of pure steam, and it is manifested only when water is at the same time present"" and hence he concludes that it is altogether the effect of the friction of globules of water against the sides of the opening, or against the substances opposed to its passage, as the water is rapidly moved onwards by the current of the steam.""(Abstract).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never cease to be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Thirtieth Series. 38. Constancy of differential magnecrystallic force in different media. 39. Actuion of heat on magnecrystals. 40. Effect of heat upon absolute magnetic force of bodies. (Sections 3363--...
(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1856). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" Vol. 146 - Part I. Pp. 159-180. Clean and fine.
First appearance of a historical paper in physiscs.This paper is the last of Faraday's papers in the series ""Experimental researches in electricity"". The paper is the only one of the 30 papers which was not reprinted in the 3 volume work, published 1856.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Eleventh - Thirteenth Series. (+) Supplementary Note to Eleventh Series. Received November 30, 1837 + March 29, 1838 (Suppl. Note), January 11, 1838, February 22, 1838. . 18: On Induction + On Induction (cont...
(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1848). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1848 - Part I. Pp. 1-40 a. 1 engraved plate, pp. 79-81 (Suppl. Note), pp. 83-123 a. 1 engravd plate and pp. 125-168
First appearance of 3 fundamental papers in electromagnetic theory in which Faraday presents his discoveries of the so-called ""specific inductive capacity"" of the insulator, - showing that the behaviour of a diaelectric is exactly the same as that of an electrolyte up to a certain point, - that induction appears to be the first step, and decomposition the second, - that 'Insulators' ""may be said to bodies whose particles can retain the polarised state, whilst conductors are those whose particles cannot be permanently polarised"", - that the lines of force dispose themselves as if they were subject to a mutual repulsion, or as if the tubes of force had an inherent tendency to dilate.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never cease to be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Thirtieth Series. 38. Constancy of differential magnecrystallic force in different media. 39. Actuion of heat on magnecrystals. 40. Effect of heat upon absolute magnetic force of bodies. (Sections 3363--...
London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1856. 4to. Uncut unopened in the original printed wrappers. In ""Philosophical Transactions"" Vol. 146 - Part I. Entire issue offered. Light soiling to extremities. Upper outer corner of of front wrapper with small tear, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 159-180 [Entire issue: iv, (6), 418 pp. + 15 plates.
First appearance of a historical paper in physiscs.This paper is the last of Faraday's papers in the series ""Experimental researches in electricity"". The paper is the only one of the 30 papers which was not reprinted in the 3 volume work, published 1856.From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (+) Note on New Electro-Magnetical Motions. (+) Historical Statement respecting Electro-Magnetic Rotation. (3 Papers). - [THE FIRST ELECTRIC MOTOR - INTRODUCING ""LINES OF FORCE"" AND THE UNIVERSE OF ""FIELDS""]
London, John Murray, (1821), 1822, 1823. Wirhout wrappers as extracted from ""The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts. (The Royal Institution of Great Britain)"", vol. XII a. XV. Half-title and title-page to vol. XII, pp. 74-96 a. pp. 416-421 and 1 engraved plate (showing Faraday's apparatus for illustrating electromagnetic rotation). Title-page to vol. XV. Pp. 288-292. The plate slightly brownspotted.
First appearance of these three papers in which Faraday records one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century"" - with these papers he is the very first to show how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"", hereby delineating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another half century"" (Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian Oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real? Did the theories fit the facts? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to undertake a short historical survey...His enthusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wire and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that one of the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force."" (DSB IV, pp. 533).
