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Ueber den Zusammenhang der Oberflächenspannung der Flüssigkeiten mit ihrem Molecularvolumen. - [DISCOVERING THE ""LAW OF CAPILLARITY"" - ""LAW OF SURFACE TENSION""]
(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1886) Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 27, Drittes Heft Heft (No 6 1886). Entire issue offered. Pp. 321-480 a. 2 folded plates. Eótvós's paper: pp. 448-459. Clean and fine.
First appearance of this important paper in which Eötvös set forth his ""Law of Capillarity"" and thereby eliminating the errors that had twarted his predecessors such as Young, Laplace, Poisson and Gauss. The principle thus established, also called ""The weak equivalence Principle"", served as a BASIS FOR EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF RELATIVITY(Capillarity: the property or exertion of capillary attraction of repulsion, a force that is the resultant of adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension in liquids which are in contact with solids, causing the liquid surface to rise or be depressed...)""The beginnings of Eötvös’ scientific career are connected with liquids. He worked out a new way to determine surface tension, which subsequently became known as the reflection method. This method made it possible to determine precisely the surface tension of various liquids. During his experiments, Eötvós found a linear relationship between the molar surface energy of liquidsand their temperature. The proportionality factor is constant for all compound liquids independently of their composition. The molar surface energy is equal to the work needed to move one molecule from the inside of the liquid to its surface. Based on this finding, Eötvös was able to state the following relationship: with increasing temperature, the surface tension of a liquid decreases until, at the critical temperature, it becomes zero. Later this rule was named the Eótvös law and the proportionality constant the Eötvós constant. In case of liquids this constant is as fundamental as the universal gas constant in case of gases.""
"EÖTVÖS, ROLAND v. (LORÁND). - ESTABLISHING THE PROPORTIONALLITY BETWEEN GRAVITATIONAL AND INERTIAL MASS.
Reference : 43815
(1896)
Untersuchungen über Gravitation und Erdmagnetismus.
(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1896). Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann."", Neue Folge Bd. 59, Zehntes (No 10 1896). Entire issue offered. Pp. 193-416 a. 1 folded plate. Eötvös's paper: pp. 354-400 a. 15 large textillustrations, depicting his experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.
First appearance of Eötvös's main paper on gravitational phenomena, which became the subject of his lifework, and in which he showed experimentally, that the inertial mass and the gravitational mass are proportional, a discovery that became ONE OF THE BUILDING STONES OF THE THEORY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY.""The second extremely important application of the Eötvös balance involved a predetermination of the rate of gravitational acceleration for different bodies. It had been known from earlier work that all bodies fall with the same acceleration (in a vacuum), but the best previous determinations yielded only a limited accuracy. In response to a prize announcement by the University of Gottingen, Eötvös and his collaborators followed up his early measurements on this subject. The new measurements provided not merely a more accurate proof of a principle believed right until then, but much more: his results, proving that gravitational mass and inertial mass are equivalent, the possible deviation being about five parts in 109, became one of the building stones of the theory of general relativity. The experiment proves the “weak” form of the principle of equivalence, which states that the trajectory of a test particle, under the influence of gravitational fields only, depends only on its initial position and velocity, not on its mass and nature. Later confirmation of his results (during the last fifty years) reduced the possible deviation from perfect equivalence by a factor of 1,000."" (DSB, IV, 379 ff.).
