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Blocks on the Road to Instructional Design Prescriptions. A Methodology for I.D.-Research Exemplified.
Leuven, Universitaire Pers, 1995 Paperback, English, original editor's jacket, 16x24 cm., xii-274 pp. ISBN 9789061867081.
Studia Paedagogica : 8. The development of instructional design as a linking science and, more specifically, the formulation of theoretically sound, empirically valid, and applicable prescriptions may contribute to bridge the gap between theory and practice. In this study, a heuristic approach is proposed that conceptualizes the steps involved in prescriptive research. It is assumed that prescriptions are tight to learning or cognitive tasks, which represent instructional problems in a specific instructional setting. Furthermore, it is argued that prescriptions are to be embedded in an overarching framework. This framework determines the meaning of the prescriptions, restricts their applicability, and may guarantee their mutual compatibility. I.D.-models have been argued to offer such frameworks. The first step of the proposed approach, then, consists of the construction of an I.D.-model. In a second step, this model is elaborated in order to tune it to the learning or cognitive tasks for which prescriptions will be formulated. An analysis of both the available research embedded in the descriptive knowledge base and the specifications of the referent system, results in a number of problem detection- and prediction-rules. These rules provide indications on problems learners may encounter in their efforts to execute the selected task, or link learner characteristics and instructional interventions to learning outcomes. The last step consists of the validation of the prespecified rules in an ecological setting. This empirical validation may lead to prescriptions which applicability is restricted to the settings specified in the referent system. The approach above is followed as an exemplar of prescriptive I.D.-research. A definition of instructional design is provided and five structural components (descriptive knowledge base, referent system, design parameters, design procedures, and design/development processes) of I.D.-models are identified. An analysis of the influence of cognitive research outcomes on instructional design and the elaboration of the approach for prescriptive instructional design research (Chapter 1), precedes the construction of a cognitive oriented instructional design model (C.I.D.-model). The model is completed by outlining design/development processes and the features of some design procedures (Chapter 2). The model gets further elaborated by taking the referent system more fully into account and specifying the model toward a specific cognitive task: determining importance of information-elements in printed instructional materials (Chapter 3). Considering the outcomes of descriptive research about the influence of both learner and text characteristics on both learning from text and text comprehension, an empirical validation study is presented (Chapter 4). Arguing that descriptive research outcomes cannot be directly transformed into prescriptions, but can help to detect problems students eperience and may suggest possible solutions, problem detection- and prediction-rules are identified. Application of problem detection- and prediction-rules leads to the implementation of three types of interventions or support devices: printing important information bold, integrating important information elements in summaries, and restructuring the text. Results (Chapter 5) indicate that (1) overall, students determine importance by applying a 'safety'-strategy; (2) interventions do not lead to improved performance on determining importance or learning outcomes tests, and (3) content prior knowledge influences performance on learning outcomes tests. Overall, no valid prescriptions can be formulated. The overall non-significant results may be due to a variety of reasons. Retrospective interviews suggest that the results may be explained by the non-use or inappropriate function-attribution of instructional interventions by students. This study does not result in valid prescriptions. In addition, questions are to be raised about the C.I.D.-model and, more specifically, the selection of learner-related design parameters. However, these conclusions pertain only to the hypothesis-testing part of the study and do not consider contributions made with regard to the development of cognitive instructional design, and, more methodologically, the explorative aspects of this prescriptive study.
Tableaux Vivants. Opstellen over taal-en-onderwijs, aangeboden aan Mark Debrock.
Leuven, Universitaire Pers, 2002 Hardback, Francais, sous jacquette originale d'editeur, 16x24 cm., 550 pp. ISBN 9789058672117.
Symbolae Facultatis Litterarum Lovaniensis - Series A : 28. Op de vooravond van zijn emeritaat kan Mark Debrock terugblikken op een rijk gevulde carriere. Hij is een van de grondleggers van de Vlaamse Romanistiek met fonetiek en toegepaste linguistiek als uitverkoren werkterrein. Tegelijk is hij de bezieler van een bijdetijdse en onderzoeksmatig onderbouwde lerarenopleiding. Verder heeft hij zich geprofileerd als een efficient beleidsman via functies als Groepsvoorzitter Humane Wetenschappen en Coordinator Onderwijsbeleid. Rode draad doorheen dit alles is ongetwijfeld zijn gedreven inzet voor het onderwijs in al zijn facetten. Dit is meteen de centrale invalshoek waarrond de bundel is samengesteld. Een eerste luik is gewijd aan taaldidactiek met bijdragen rond vaardigheidstraining, het gebruik van corpora en het uitwerken van pedagogische grammatica's en woordenboeken. Het tweede luik focust op onderzoek omtrent taalverwerving en taalonderwijs, op de vernieuwde lerarenopleiding, en op onderwijsbeleid en onderwijsinnovatie. De 27 bijdragen aan dit huldealbum zijn evenveel "tableaux vivants" van een onderwijsrealiteit in volle beweging. A la veille de son emeritat, Mark Debrock peut s'estimer heureux d'avoir parcouru une carriere aussi bien remplie. Il est l'un des fondateurs des etudes romanes en Flandre. La phonetique et la linguistique appliquee constituent ses domaines de predilection. Il est egalement l'inspirateur d'une agregation de l'enseignement secondaire et superieur sans cesse actualisee et ancree dans une solide base scientifique. Il s'est egalement profile comme un gestionnaire performant en assumant de multiples fonctions, notamment celle de Vice-Recteur, charge d'abord des Sciences Humaines et ensuite de l'Enseignement. Le fil rouge a travers toutes ces activites est son engagement pour tout ce qui touche de pres ou de loin a l'enseignement et a la formation (continue). Voila l'ancrage principal des differentes contributions a ce recueil. Un premier volet est consacre a la didactique des langues et comprend des contributions dans le domaine de l'acquisition des differentes habiletes langagieres, l'exploitation de corpus et l'elaboration de grammaires pedagogiques et de dictionnaires d'apprentissage. Le deuxieme volet porte sur les recherches concernant l'acquisition et l'enseignement des langues, la nouvelle agregation de l'enseignement secondaire et superieur, la politique de l'enseignement et l'innovation didactique. Les 27 contributions constituent autant de "tableaux vivants" d'un univers en pleine mouvance.
