230 books for « einstein albert »Edit

‎Über die vom Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. (On the Inertia of Energy Required by the Relativity Principle).‎

‎Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. A small stamp on titlepage (Gmelin.Institut.). Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein ""Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: ""Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"""", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.‎

‎Über die vom Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. - [THE FIRST EXPLICIT STATEMENT OF THE ENERGY-MASS EQUATION]‎

‎Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. In contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. Entire volume offered. Ex-libris pasted on to top right corner of pasted down front free end-paper. Light rubbing to extremities, a very fine and clean copy (not an ex-library copy). Pp.371-384. [Entire volume: VIII, 1000 pp. + 4 plates].‎

‎First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's landmark energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein ""Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: ""Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"""", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.‎

‎Über die vom Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. (On the Inertia of Energy Required by the Relativity Principle).‎

‎Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed and light wear to spineends. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. Stamps on titlepage (Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft a. AEG Forschungsinstitut). Internally clean.‎

‎First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein ""Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: ""Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"""", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18. Further with 2 importent papers by Max v. Laue.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.‎

‎Sammlung von 7 postkartengrösse Abbildungen und Sprüche von Albert Einstein + 1 Blatt: ‘Zeittafel unter besoderer Berücksichtigung der Berner Jahre (von 1879 bis 1955) / Verso: Stammbaum von Albert Einstein, / Albert Einstein in Bern‎

‎ o.J., um 1970, kl. in-8vo, 219 S., ill., + 1 dépl. Albert Einstein Museum (2007) zus. im O.-Couvert v. ‘Einstein-Haus’, / Leinengebunden.‎

‎APPENDIX FOR THE SECOND EDITION [of The Meaning of Relativity] + APPENDIX II. GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION. - [ORIGINAL PROOF-COPY]‎

‎[1950]. 8vo. Original proof-copy (of the latest stage, presumably final proof, in the same format as the printed version and with no corrections), printed on rectos and versos. Stapled twice in left margin. A few marginal creases. A (proof-) number to upper left corner in red ink (297). Pp. 109-148 + tipped-in errata slip at p. 147.‎

‎Very rare original proof-copy of the two highly important appendices for Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"", third edition, 1950, the second appendix being one of the most important pieces Einstein ever wrote, namely the appendix ""in which he described his most recent work on unification"" (Pais), and the work which was hailed by The New York Times under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". The first appendix, which appeared for the second edition of the work, remained unchanged throughout the history of ""the Meaning of Relativity"" and was written because ""Since the first edition of this little book some advances have been made in the theory of relativity. [...] The first step forward is the conclusive demonstration of the existence of the red shift of the spectral lines by the (negative) gravitational potential of the place of origin"" [...] A second step forward, which will be mentioned briefly, concerns the law of motion of a gravitating body."" [...] A third step forward, concerning the so-called ""cosmologic problem,"" wiil be considered here in detail..."" (pp. 109-10). The present 40 pages constitute the final proof-copy of the entire appendices I and II to the Generalized Theory of Gravitation, exactly as they appeared in the third edition (Princeton in 1950). Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"" was originally published in 1922, on the basis of his ""Vier Vorlesungen ueber Relativitetstheorie"" given at Princeton in 1921. A second edition, with an appendix (appendix I) appeared in 1945 (several issues and editions of this appeared also), and in 1949 the third edition, with the seminal Appendix II printed for the first time, appears (also appeared in 1950, in Princeton). In 1950 a revised edition of the third edition appears, having Appendix II slightly revised, and in 1953 the heavily revised fourth edition appears. THIS IS THE PROOF-COPY OF APPENDICES I AND II FOR THE ""THIRD EDITION, INCLUDING THE GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION"" (PRINCETON, 1950). The main focus of the work throughout all these editions of the work since 1949 is Appendix II, which deals with Einstein's main interest, the generalization of the Gravitation Theory, which was to unite the general theory of relativity with electromagnetism, recovering an approximation for quantum theory, and presenting us with a theory to explain the universe as a unified entity, the ultimate goal for the greatest physicist that ever lived. ""This was Einstein's ultimate response to the mechanical-electromagnetic crisis in physical theory he had first talked about in the opening of his 1905 light quantum-paper."" (Nandor, in D.S.B., p. 330). It was indeed Einstein's aim to provide an explanation of the universe through his unified field theory, although he was well aware that his sort of field theory might not exist. However, even the establishing of the non-existence of it could bring us closer to an explanation than we had ever been before. There is no topic of greater importance to Einstein than his theory of unification. ""In 1949 Einstein wrote a new appendix for the third edition of his ""The Meaning of Relativity"" in which he described his most recent work on unification. It was none of his doing that a page of his manuscript appeared on the front page of ""The New York Times"" under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". He refused to see reporters and asked Helen Dukas to relay this message to them: ""Come back and see me in twenty years""."" (Pais, p. 350).‎

‎Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik"‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1903. Contemp. hcloth. Handwritten paperlabel on spine. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 11. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."". VIII,1144pp. and 6 plates. (Entire volume offered). The Einstein paper: pp. 170-187. Faint signs of dampstains in outer margins on a few leaves.‎

‎First edition of Einsteins fourth paper. In his paper from 1902, Einstein ""says in his introduction that nobody has yet succeeded in deriving the conditions of thermal equilibrium and of the second law of thermodynamics from probability considerations, although Maxwell and Boltzmann came near to it. Willard Gibbs is not mentioned. In fact, Einstein's paper was written in ignorance of Gibbs paper published 1901. In the present paper, Einstein builds the theory on another basis not used by Gibbs, namely on the consideration of a single system in course of time (later called ""Zeit-Gesamtheit"", time assembly), and proves that this is equivalent to a certain virtual assembly of many systems, Gibb's micro-canonical assembly...Einstein at once proceeded to apply his theorems to a case of utmost importance, namely to systems of a size suited for demonstrating the reality of molecules and the correctness of the kinetic theory of matter.""(Walter Alicke). First edition of Einsteins fourth paper. In his paper from 1902, Einstein ""says in his introduction that nobody has yet succeeded in deriving the conditions of thermal equilibrium and of the second law of thermodynamics from probability considerations, although Maxwell and Boltzmann came near to it. Willard Gibbs is not mentioned. In fact, Einstein's paper was written in ignorance of Gibbs paper published 1901. In the present paper, Einstein builds the theory on another basis not used by Gibbs, namely on the consideration of a single system in course of time (later called ""Zeit-Gesamtheit"", time assembly), and proves that this is equivalent to a certain virtual assembly of many systems, Gibb's micro-canonical assembly...Einstein at once proceeded to apply his theorems to a case of utmost importance, namely to systems of a size suited for demonstrating the reality of molecules and the correctness of the kinetic theory of matter.""(Walter Alicke). - Weil No. 4 - Boni No 4.‎

‎Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung. - [FOUNDING LASER PHYSICS.]‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1917. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and 5 raised bands with ornaments in gilt. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"", Bd. 18, 1917. Spine and hinges with wear, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 121-128. [Entire volume: XI, (1), 604 pp. + 14 plates.‎

‎The paper was first published in 1916 in Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft in Zürich, but here for the first time in Physikalische Zeitschrift. All subsequent research on absorption and emission of radiation and the entire discovery of the maser, later the laser, was based on the research presented in the present paper. The paper is also notable for introducing the concept (but not the name) of the photon"" Einstein argues that in the interaction of matter and radiation there must be, in addition to the processes of absorption and spontaneous emission, a third process of stimulated emission. If stimulated emission exists then he can derive the Planck distribution for blackbody radiation and without it the same argument implies the invalid Wien-distribution theory.""In this paper he derived Planck's original quantum law from a different starting point, he suggested that as well as spontaneous emission and absorption, there could also take place the process of stimulated emission. In 1917 this seemed mainly of theoretical interest"" forty years later it was utilized to provide the maser and laser of modern technology. In 1916, ""Einstein came back once more to blackbody radiation and made further progress. In November 1916 he wrote to Besso: 'A splendid light has fallen on me about the absorption and emission of radiation'. His reasoning is divided into three papers, two of which appeared in 1916 and the third one early in 1917 [the two papers above - note that these are the two papers of Einstein on radiation theory cited by Weil as ""principal works"""" a third paper from 1916 is not.] In these papers, Einstein proposed a statistical theory of the interaction between atoms and photons, gave a new demonstration of Planck's radiation theory and introduced the concept of 'stimulated emission', providing the basis for the discovery of masers and lasers "" (Bertolotti, The History of the Laser).""When Einstein returned to the radiation problem in 1916, the quantum theory had undergone a major change. Niels Bohr's papers had opened a new and fertile domain for the application of quantum concepts-the explanation of atomic structure and atomic spectra. In addition Bohr's work and its generalizations by Arnold Sommerfeld and others constituted a fresh approach to the foundations of the quantum theory of matter. Einstein's new work showed the influence of these ideas . He had found still another derivation of Planck's black-body radiation law, an ""astonishingly simple and general"" one which, he thought, mightproperly be called ""the derivation"" 12 of this important law. It was based on statistical assumptions about the processes of absorption and emission of radiation and on Bohr's basic quantum hypothesis that atomic systems have a discrete set of possible stationary states. The proof turned on the requirement that absorption and emission of radiation, both spontaneous and stimulated, suffice to keep a gas of atoms in thermodynamic equilibrium. (This paper introduced the concept of stimulated emission into the quantum theory and is therefore often described as the basis of laser physics.) Einstein himself considered the most important contribution of this work to be not the new derivation of the distribution law but rather the arguments he presented for the directional character of energy quanta. (DSB) Weil No 91 (with an asterix denoting major paper).‎

‎Albert Einstein, philosopher-scientist. ‎

‎ 1969 In "The Library of Living Philosophers", Open Court publishing Company, La Salle, 1969. Deux volumes in-8 brochés, texte en anglais, 781 pages. Quelques lignes surlignées (feutre), exemplaire de travail. ‎

‎ La librairie est ouverte du mardi au samedi de 9h30 à 12h30 et de 13h30 à 19h00. Commandes par courriel ou téléphone. Envoi rapide, emballage soigné. ‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption (withbound:) Das princip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie" (2 papers).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. Bound together in one contemp. hcloth. Small tears to spine ends. (=) ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 20. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."" , Portrait (Paul Drude), VIII,1048 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 199-206 and 627-33. Internally fine and clean. The whole volume offered.‎

‎Both papers first edition. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item), that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921.""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391). In the second paper (Principle of the conservation of the centre of mass motion and the inertia of energy) he shows that the conservation of mass is a special application of his energy principle (E= Mc2) - Weil: 12 & 13.Among the many papers in this volume we have Max von Laue: Zur Thermodynamik der Inteferenzerscheinungen. pp. 365-378.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption" (Eingegangen 13. März 1906). (On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption).‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906). No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik"" Vierte Folge. Bd. 20. Pp. 199-206. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of one of the papers for which Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item, that Einstein received the prize: ""for his services to theoretical physics and especially for his discoveryof the law of the photoelectrical effect"" - his reward was not based on relativity.""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391).Weil: 12 (with an asterix, denoting a major paper) - Boni:12.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption (withbound:) Das princip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie" (2 papers).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. Bound together in one contemp. halfcalf. Spine gilt. Minor scratches to spine. A stamp to titlepage and htitle. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 20. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."" , Portrait (Paul Drude), VIII,1048 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 199-206 and 627-33. The entire volume offered.‎

‎Both papers first edition. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item), that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921.""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391). In the second paper (Principle of the conservation of the centre of mass motion and the inertia of energy) he shows that the conservation of mass is a special application of his energy principle (E= Mc2) - Weil: 12 & 13.Among the many papers in this volume we have Max von Laue: Zur Thermodynamik der Inteferenzerscheinungen. pp. 365-378.‎

‎Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtsabsorption (withbound:) Das princip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie" (2 papers).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. Full cloth. Spine with gilt lettering. In: ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 20. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."" , Portrait (Paul Drude), VIII,1048 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 199-206 and 627-33. Internally fine and clean. The entire volume offered. Broad margins.‎

‎Both papers first edition. It was for the papers ""Ueber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt"" of 1905 and ""Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung...( Theory of light emission and absorption), the offered item), that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. ""The quantum theory has affected virtually every branch of physics. Its earliest and one of its most significant developments was Einstein's application of the theory to what is known as the 'photo-electrical effect'....Einstein explained this effext by suggesting that the classical view that light is emitted in the form of continous waves must be abandoned. The photo-electrical effect could be explained only as an example of quantum action where the waves of light or X-rays are emitted in minute particles or bullets. It is he size of the bullet (the wave-lenght of the radiation) which determines the number of electrons ejected. It was for this, and not for the theory of relativity, that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. Einstein's two fundamental papers on this subject are ""Ueber einem Erzeugung...."" 1905 and Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung (the paper offered here)"" (PMM the note to 391). In the second paper (Principle of the conservation of the centre of mass motion and the inertia of energy) he shows that the conservation of mass is a special application of his energy principle (E= Mc2) - Weil: 12 & 13.Among the many papers in this volume we have Max von Laue: Zur Thermodynamik der Inteferenzerscheinungen. pp. 365-378.‎

‎Zur allgemeinen molekularen Theorie der Wärme"‎

‎Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1904. Contemp. hcloth, tears to hinges at upper part of spine. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 14. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude"". VIII,1040 pp. and 3 plates. The Einstein paper: pp. 354-362. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered.‎

‎First edition of Einstein's fifth work. ""It was in this last of his early series of papers, before the announcement of the theory of relativity in 1905, that Einstein introduced a new theme. Einstein asked for the physical significance of the constant now known as Boltzmann's konstant 'k'.It was already well known from the theory of the ideal gas that 'k' was simply related to the gas constant 'R' and to Avogardo's number, the number of molecules in a gram-molecular weight of any substance. Einstein showed that 'k' entered into still another basic equation of the statistical theory, the expression for the mean square fluctuation of the energy about its average value. This meant that 'k' determines the thermal stability of a system...the paper contains the seeds of much of his later work...(Walter Alicke). - Weil No 5.‎

‎H. A. Lorentz als Schöpfer und als Persönlichkeit.‎

‎[Leiden, 1953]. 8vo. In the original green printed wrappers. A fine and clean copy. 8 pp. + frontispiece-portrait of Lorentz.‎

‎First printing of Einstein's essay on Hendrik Lorentz, a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. Einstein was particulaly interested and indebted to Lorenz Lorenz derived the transformation equations subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time. ‎

‎Zum hundertjährigen Gedenktag von Lord Kelvins Geburt.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1924. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", 12. Jahrg, 1924. The whole year offered. ""12"" written in hand to spine, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 601-602. [Entire volume: XXV, (1), 1412, 60 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Einstein's paper on Lord Kelvin and his scientific work. The occasion was the Centenary Year of Thomson's birth and Einstein wrote 'Zum hundertjährigen Gedenktag von Lord Kelvins Geburt (26. Juni 1824)'. In the mid-nineteenth century Thomson's ideas on thermodynamics established the base line for future generations of scientists. Likewise in 1905, Einstein changed the world of physics forever with the publication of his radical new ideas on special relativity.""We may learn from Einstein the philosopher, of his interest in the founding scientists of the nineteenth century such as Kelvin and Maxwell, of science being not only about instrumentation, mathematics and formulae but also about sharing in the aspirations and achievements of other scientists, past or present."" (Trainer, Einstein's Centenary Tribute) The volume contain several other papers by influential contemporary phycisians. Weil 140.‎

‎Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik;‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1903. Contemp. hcloth. Some small nicks to spine. (=) Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 11. Herausgegeben von Paul Drude."". VIII,1144pp. and 6 plates. The Einstein paper: pp. 170-187. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of Einsteins fourth paper. In his paper from 1902, Einstein ""says in his introduction that nobody has yet succeeded in deriving the conditions of thermal equilibrium and of the second law of thermodynamics from probability considerations, although Maxwell and Boltzmann came near to it. Willard Gibbs is not mentioned. In fact, Einstein's paper was written in ignorance of Gibbs paper published 1901. In the present paper, Einstein builds the theory on another basis not used by Gibbs, namely on the consideration of a single system in course of time (later called ""Zeit-Gesamtheit"", time assembly), and proves that this is equivalent to a certain virtual assembly of many systems, Gibb's micro-canonical assembly...Einstein at once proceeded to apply his theorems to a case of utmost importance, namely to systems of a size suited for demonstrating the reality of molecules and the correctness of the kinetic theory of matter.""(Walter Alicke). - Weil No. 4.‎

‎Quatre conférences sur la théorie de la relativité : Faites à l'Université de Princeton par Albert Einstein traduites de l'allemand par Maurice Solovine. Nouvelle édition‎

‎Gauthier-Villars Mayenne impr. J. Floch Broché D'occasion très bon état 01/01/1964 98 pages ‎

‎Conceptions scientifiques, morales et sociales‎

‎ Flammarion, 1955, in-8 br 316p.‎

‎correct Remise de 20% pour toutes commandes égales ou supérieures à 200 €‎

‎Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. (i.e. The foundation of the General Theory of Relativity). - [TRANSFORMING THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK OF THE 20TH CENTURY]‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1916. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Light discolouration to margins of wrappers. Inner hinges with professional repairs. Small stamp (exlibris?) to lower part of title-page. Previous owner's name (Erik Broekmeyer) in contemporary hand to upper outer corner of title-page. A fine copy. 64 pp.‎

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‎First issue of the first edition in book form, being, not an offprint of the""Annalen der Physik"" journal issue as often stated, but a separate edition of the paper, completely re-set and with significant changes and additions, including for the first time in print the ""Einleitung"" and the ""Inhalt"".The first issue is distinguished from the later reprints by the printing of ""Sonderdruck aus dem ""Annalen der Physik"" Band 49, 1916"", and ""Druck von Metzger & Wittig in Leipzig. 314"" to the verso of the title-page and ""Metzger & Wittig, Leipzig"" to the foot of the back wrapper. Furthermore, ""This separate edition is printed on good, strong paper, the wrappers are of strong material too, and it is described now as 'the original edition' of this classic paper"" (Weil). Einstein's seminal ""General Theory of Relativity"" has had an immense impact on all science, philosophy, and man's view of the world in general. Few other books of the 20th century can be said to have so basically altered the way that we view the world and our place in it. Determining space and time as being interwoven into a single continuum known as ""space-time"" and determining that there is no absolute space-time coordinate system - i.e. that there are no absolute positions in time and pace - established the fact that events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another, i.e. all positions in space and time are relative. This general theory of relativity, here presented in its full exposition for the first time, in book form, is now a basic foundation for scientific thought.""The theory of relativity has transformed astrophysics, and indeed the whole scientific outlook."" (PMM).""Whereas Special Relativity had brought under one set of laws the electromagnetic world of Maxwell and Newtonian mechanics as far as they applied to bodies in uniform relative motion, The General Theory did the same thing for bodies with the accelerated relative motion epitomized in the acceleration of gravity. But first it had been necessary for Einstein to develop the true nature of gravity from his principle of equivalence...Basically, he proposed that gravity was a function of matter itself and that its effects were transmitted between contiguous portions of space-time... Where matter exists, so does energy"" the greater the mass of matter involved, the greater the effect of the energy which can be transmitted. In addition, gravity affected light... exactly as it affected material particles. Thus the universe which Newton had seen, and for which he had constructed his apparently impeccable mechanical laws, was not the real universe... Einstein's paper gave not only a correct picture of the universe but also a fresh set of mechanical laws by which its details could be described"" (R.W. Clark). ""This paper was the first comprehensive overview of the final version of Einstein's general theory of relativity after several expositions of preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. It includes a self-contained exposition of the elements of the tensor calculus that are needed for the theory. (T. Sauer in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics). PMM: 408. Horblit 26 c. Weil 80.Boni: 78,1 Schilpp-Schields: 86. ‎

‎Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität (+) Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität (+) Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie (+) Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip (+) Über den ge... - [PMM 416 - A NEW THEORY OF GRAVITATION]‎

‎Berlin, Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1925-1929. 1. Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1925, pp.414-419. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 147 / Boni 155).2. Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1928, pp.235-245. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 162/ Boni 175).3. Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.2-7. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 165/ Boni 183).4. Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.156-159. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 166/ Boni 184).5. Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Feldtheorie. In: Festschrift Dr. A. Stodola, Zürich, Füssli, 1929, pp.126-132. Publishers full cloth. Spine slightly faded. Otherwise mint. (Weil 168 / Boni 178).All in all a very fine set.‎

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‎Offprint of all four papers and first edition of the final essay, constituting Einstein's attempt toward creating a unified field theory: ""a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation"" (PMM416). The task of unifying nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravitational force is nowadays by many considered the holy grail of theoretical physics.Maxwell was the first to develop such a theory when he described the forces of electricity and magnetism as the single force electromagnetism. After Einstein had completed his general theory of relativity (a field theory for gravitation), he turned his attention towards generalizing his theory even further to include Maxwell's theory. Even though Einstein never succeeded in completing this task, in the way that he finished his earlier theories, he pioneered and explored many areas of this subject. ""It had been repeatedly observed that Einstein's general theory of relativity necessitated a pluralistic explanation of the universe. In 1925 he announced that he had resolved this difficulty but the announcement was premature. In 1928 he attacked the problem once more, only to find that Riemann's conception of space, on which the general theory was based, would not permit of a common explanation of electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena. In a series of papers [the present] devoted to the development of 'A Uniform Theory of Gravitation and Electricity' he outlined a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation. All that would then remain to complete a scientific unison is the correlation of the organic and inorganic"".PMM 416Barchas 586‎

‎Thermodynamische Begründung des photochemischen Äquivalentgesetzes" (Withbound:) Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit:""Thermodynamische Begründung des photochemischen Aquivalentgesetzes" (Withbound:) Zur Theorie des statischen Gravitationsfeldes" (Withbound:) An...‎

‎Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1912. Bound in two contemp. hcalf, richly gilt spine and one later full cloth. A library stamp on the first volume. ""Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 37 (und) 38. Hrsg. von W. Wien und M. Planck."" VIII,1048"VIII,1064 pp., 5+8 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 832-38 (vol.37), pp. 881-84 (Nachtrag vol. 38) pp. 443-458 (vol. 38) p. 888 (vol. 38) pp. 1059-1064 (vol. 38)" Planck: pp. 642-656. Internally fine and clean. Both volumes offered.‎

‎All papers first edition. In the first paper ""Thermodynamical derivation of the photochemical equivalence"", Einstein calls ""the law of photochemical equivalence"" the statement that the decomposition of one gram equivalent of any substance by a photochemical proces demands the radiation energy of 'Nhv' (where N=the Avogadro number). In this paper he demonstrates how this law is deducible by purely thermodynamical arguments, if certain olausible assumotions are made. (Lanzos). - The second paper ""Concerning the theory of a static gravitational field"" states that the 'equivalence hypothesis' permits us to come to very definite conclusions about the behaviour of a static gravitational field.. - The next Einstein paper gives an answer to J. Stark, as Stark claimed priority to the photochemical equivalence law. - In the last paper ""Relativity and Gravitation. Reply to a remark of M. Abraham"" Einstein elaborates his answer to the critique of M. Abraham. - Weil Nos 46 (1-2) a. 48. - Planck, Akademie No 95.‎

‎Newtons Mechanik und ihr Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der theoretischen Physik [Einstein] (+) Quantenmechanik und Statistik [Born] (+) Die physikalische Realität der Lichtsquanten [Planck] (+) Zur Elektrontheorie der Metalle [Sommerfeld] (+) Versuche ü... - [EINSTEIN ON NEWTON]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. Lex8vo. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", 15. jahrgang, 1927. Entire volume offered bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Minor wear to upper capitals, otherwise a fine and clean copy. [Einstein:] Pp. 273-76" [Born:] Pp. 238-42 [Planck:] Pp. 529-31 [Sommerfeld:] Pp. 825-32 [Frisch:] Pp. 321-326 pp. 963-968. [Entire volume: XXV,(1),1000,16 pp.].‎

‎First edition of all papers. The Einstein paper is his contribution to the Anniversary volume of Newton's death. Frisch received the Nobel Prize for his works on animal psychology and behaviour in 1975.Weil No 158. - Planck: Akademie No. 165 - K. v. ‎

‎Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. (The foundation of the General Theory of Relativity). - [TRANSFORMING THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK OF THE 20TH CENTURY]‎

‎Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1916. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Top part of spine loosening, but fully intact and completely unrestored. A bit of dusting to wrappers. Front wrapper with some mild brownspotting to upper part and left margin. Lower right corner has been bent, leaving a crease. A few nicks to extremities. Title-page with light brownspotting to upper margin and an old owner's name across the middle (""Ernst Helmut Klein""). 64 pp.‎

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‎First issue of the first edition in book form, being, not an offprint of the""Annalen der Physik"" journal issue as often stated, but a separate edition of the paper, completely re-set and with significant changes and additions, including for the first time in print the ""Einleitung"" and the ""Inhalt"".The first issue is distinguished from the later reprints by the printing of ""Sonderdruck aus dem ""Annalen der Physik"" Band 49, 1916"", and ""Druck von Metzger & Wittig in Leipzig. 314"" to the verso of the title-page and ""Metzger & Wittig, Leipzig"" to the foot of the back wrapper. Furthermore, ""This separate edition is printed on good, strong paper, the wrappers are of strong material too, and it is described now as 'the original edition' of this classic paper"" (Weil). Einstein's seminal ""General Theory of Relativity"" has had an immense impact on all science, philosophy, and man's view of the world in general. Few other books of the 20th century can be said to have so basically altered the way that we view the world and our place in it. Determining space and time as being interwoven into a single continuum known as ""space-time"" and determining that there is no absolute space-time coordinate system - i.e. that there are no absolute positions in time and pace - established the fact that events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another, i.e. all positions in space and time are relative. This general theory of relativity, here presented in its full exposition for the first time, in book form, is now a basic foundation for scientific thought.""The theory of relativity has transformed astrophysics, and indeed the whole scientific outlook."" (PMM).""Whereas Special Relativity had brought under one set of laws the electromagnetic world of Maxwell and Newtonian mechanics as far as they applied to bodies in uniform relative motion, The General Theory did the same thing for bodies with the accelerated relative motion epitomized in the acceleration of gravity. But first it had been necessary for Einstein to develop the true nature of gravity from his principle of equivalence...Basically, he proposed that gravity was a function of matter itself and that its effects were transmitted between contiguous portions of space-time... Where matter exists, so does energy"" the greater the mass of matter involved, the greater the effect of the energy which can be transmitted. In addition, gravity affected light... exactly as it affected material particles. Thus the universe which Newton had seen, and for which he had constructed his apparently impeccable mechanical laws, was not the real universe... Einstein's paper gave not only a correct picture of the universe but also a fresh set of mechanical laws by which its details could be described"" (R.W. Clark). ""This paper was the first comprehensive overview of the final version of Einstein's general theory of relativity after several expositions of preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. It includes a self-contained exposition of the elements of the tensor calculus that are needed for the theory. (T. Sauer in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics). PMM: 408. - Horblit 26 c. - Weil 80. - Boni: 78,1 - Schilpp-Schields: 86.‎

‎Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität (+) Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität (+) Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie (+) Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip - [PMM 416 - A NEW THEORY OF GRAVITATION]‎

‎Berlin, Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1925-1929. 1. Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität., 1925, pp. 414-419. Uncut, unopened n the original printed wrappers. missing small parts of spine and upper part of front wrapper detached, otherwise fine. (Weil 147 / Boni 155).2. Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1928, pp.235-245. In the original yellow wrappers. Very fine and clean. (Weil 162/ Boni 175).3. Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.2-7. In the original yellow wrappers. Very fine and clean. (Weil 165/ Boni 183).4. Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.156-159. In the original yellow wrappers. Very fine and clean. (Weil 166/ Boni 184).‎

‎Fine collection, three in offprint and one in the original printed wrappers, of the four papers that together constitute Einstein's attempt towards creating a unified field theory: ""a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation"" (PMM416). The task of unifying nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravitational force is nowadays by many considered the holy grail of theoretical physics.Maxwell was the first to develop such a theory when he described the forces of electricity and magnetism as the single force electromagnetism. After Einstein had completed his general theory of relativity (a field theory for gravitation), he turned his attention towards generalizing his theory even further to include Maxwell's theory. Even though Einstein never succeeded in completing this task, in the way that he finished his earlier theories, he pioneered and explored many areas of this subject.""It had been repeatedly observed that Einstein's general theory of relativity necessitated a pluralistic explanation of the universe. In 1925 he announced that he had resolved this difficulty but the announcement was premature. In 1928 he attacked the problem once more, only to find that Riemann's conception of space, on which the general theory was based, would not permit of a common explanation of electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena. In a series of papers [the present] devoted to the development of 'A Uniform Theory of Gravitation and Electricity' he outlined a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation. All that would then remain to complete a scientific unison is the correlation of the organic and inorganic"".PMM 416Barchas 586Weil 147, 162, 165 & 166.‎

‎LA RELATIVITÉ D'EINSTEIN. " Exposée simplement avec de nombreuses figures ".‎

‎Bruxelles. J. Meeuwissen, éditeur. 1924. Plaquette grand in-8° agrafée. 82 figures dans le texte. 29 pages. E.O.‎

‎Agrafes rouillées, mais bon état.‎