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"BREWSTER, DAVID - DISCOVERING A NEW PROPERTY OF HEAT BIREFRINGENCE IN GLASS
Reference : 45239
(1814)
Results of some recent Experiences on the Properties impressed upon Light by the Action of Glass raised to different Temperatures, and cooled under different Circumstances. In a Letter to Joseph Banks. Read May 19, 1814.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 18154 - Part II. Pp. 436-439.
First appearance of an importent paper in which Brewster reveals his discovery of a new connection between light and heat: ""glass brought to a certain temperature forms two images, and polarises them in opposite manner, like all doubly refracting crystals, the one image being coincident with the other""(p. 437). Brewster was the discoverer of the law of polarization, of biaxal crystals, of optical mineralogy, and of double refraction by compression.Independently of Seebeck, in 1814 English physicist David Brewster started investigating birefringence in glass caused by inhomogeneous heating. He also investigated the effect of sudden cooling of heated glass and discovered that in broken glass birefringence vanishes. Brewster considered his discovery so important* that he hastily published a paper, in which he only verbally described the creation of birefringence in glass by heat.With 2 other notable papers by HENRY KATER ""An improved Method of dividing Astronomical Circles and other Instruments"", pp. 419-435a. 2 folded engraved plates. And JOHN W.F. HERSCHEL ""Consideration of various Points of Analysis"", pp. 440-468.
On new properties of heat, as exhibited in its propagation along plates of glass. Read January 11, 1816.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1816). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1816 - Part I. Pp. 46-114 and 4 engraved plates. A small brownspot outside image in right margin of plates. Clean and fine.
First printing of an importent paper in the history of optics describing the photoeleasticity of glass.In the paper Brewster describes numerous investigations of birefringent glass. While Seebeck related birefringence of glass to its internal structure, Brewster considered heat as the cause of birefringence. The paper is a very thorough investigation of refringence in glass with numerous examples. To illustrate, Fig. 3 shows photoelastic patterns of a thick quadratic plate. Brewster actually comes close to the real reason of birefringence in glass: ""I have discovered that glass, and all other substances that have not the property of double refraction, are capable of receiving it from mechanical pressure, and that a compressing force always produces the structure which givesthe exterior fringes in crystallized glass, while a dilating force produces the structure which develops the interior fringes."" Brewster suggests that glass should be carefully examined by polarized lightbefore it is purchased.Together with the Brewster-paper comes a paper by John Frederick W. Herschel: ""On the development of exponential functions"" together with several new theorems relating to finite differences."" Pp. 25-45.
On the effects of simple pressure in producing that species of crystallization which forms two oppositely polarized images, and exhibits the complementary colours by polarized light. Read January 19, 1815.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part I. Pp. 60-64.
First appearance of an importent paper in optical mineralogy in which Brewster describes his discovery of the phenomena of double refraction caused by compression.During his investigations on the polarization of light, Brewster quite unexpectedly observed that heat and pressure could produce or change a doubly refracting structure in uncrystallized, crystallized, or organic bodies. Moreover, from the geometry of the interference patterns he deduced equations that permitted him to predict the shapes, numbers, and colors of patterns that would be produced by changes in configuration, temperature, pressure, and method of observation.Brewster was the discoverer of the law of polarization, of biaxal crystals, of optical mineralogy, and of double refraction by compression.
On the Affections of Light transmitted through crystallized Bodies. In a Letter to Sir Humphrey Davy. Read December 23, 1813.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part I. Pp. 187-218 and 3 engraved plate. Fine and clean.
First printing of pioneer paper in which Brewster laid the foundations of new fields of investigations. by showing that in a large class of crystals there are two axes along which there is no double refraction. Such crystals he calls BIAXAL, the simpler type to which Iceland spar belongs being called UNIAXAL.""Brewster created new fields of optical mineralogy and photoelasticity. In 1813, while studying the ""depolarising"" action of Topaz, he observed two sets of elliptical rings (interference patterns) centered on axes in the Topaz that were apparently inclined at 65 degr.. He interpreted this to mean that Topaz must have two axes, not one, of double refraction, an entirely unexpected result. After many laborious experiments he was able in 1819 to group all but a few of hundreds of minerals and crystals into mutually consistent optical and mineralogical categories: the primitive form determined the number of axes of double refraction.""(DSB).
Experiments on the dipolarisation of light as exhibited by various mineral, animal, and vegetable bodies, with a reference of the phenomena to the general principles of polarisation. Read December 15, 1814.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part I. Pp. 29-53 a. 1 engraved plate
First appearance of an importent paper in the history of optics in which Brewster further investigates polarization phenomena, here describing the polarisation of light by reflexion. Brewster was the discoverer of the law of polarization, of biaxal crystals, of optical mineralogy, and of double refraction by compression.
On new Properties of Light exhibited in the optical Phenomena of Mother of Pearl, and other Bodies to which the superficial structure of that Substance can be communicated. Read April, 28, 1814.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part II. Pp. 397-418 a. 1 engraved plate. Clean and fine.
First printing of a remarkable paper in which Brewster investigates new optical phenomena in relation to mother-of-pearl and explains the optical properties peculiar to it, the communication of these properties to other bodies, the causes by which these phenomena are produced and explaining a new species of polarisation peculiar to mother-of-pearl.The theory presented in the paper is called ""Brewster’s theory"" r, it attributed the iridescent colors of mother-of-pearl to light diffraction from the surface structure.
On the Connexion between the Phenomena of the Absorption of Light, and the Colours of thin Plates. Received May 9, - Read May 11, 1837. (+) On the Colours of ixed Plates. Received october 25, - Read December 14, 1837. (2 Papers).
(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1837 a. 1838). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1837 - Part II. Pp. 245-252 and 1838 - Part I. Pp. 73-77.
First printing of 2 papers in which Brewster discusses the phenomena of light absorption, Newton's rings and Youngs wave theory of light. Brewster still adhered to the emission theory of Newton.
Additional observations on the optical properties and structure of heated glass and unannealed glas drops. In a Letter addressed to Joseph Banks. Read November 10, 1814.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1813). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part I. Pp. 1-8 a. 1 engraved plate.
First appearance of an importent paper in optics in which Brewster describes some of the experiments that lead him, in the next two years, to his discoveries of ""Brewster's Law"" and to his distinction between Biaxial and Uniaxial crystalline structures.
Manuel d'optique, ou Traité complet et simplifié de cette science.
Paris Librairie encyclopédique de Roret, coll. "Manuels-Roret" 1833 2 vol. relié 2 vol. in-16, reliés demi-basane fauve, dos lisses ornés de frises et fleurons dorés, IV + 268 et V + 289 pp., 5 planches dépliantes (l'une volante). Edition originale française traduite par Paul Vergnaud.
Manuel d'optique, ou Traité complet et simplifié de cette science.
Paris Librairie encyclopédique de Roret, coll. "Manuels-Roret" 1833 1 vol. relié Sans les 5 planches. 2 tomes en 1 vol. in-16, relié demi-basane havane, dos lisse orné de frises dorées et fleurons à froid, IV + 268 et V + 289 pp. Sans les 5 planches dépliantes. Edition originale française traduite par Paul Vergnaud.
Manuel d'optique, ou Traité complet et simplifié de cette science. / par M. Brewster,... traduit par M. P. Vergnaud...
Paris, à la Librairie encyclopédique Roret 1833 In-18 14,5 x 8,5 cm. Reliures de l’époque demi-basane brune, dos lisses ornés de petits fers à froid encadrés de filets dorés, IV-268-V-289 pp., table analytique et 5 planches repliées in fine vol. II. Reliures frottées, accrocs en pied de dos, intérieur en bon état, rousseurs éparses. Ouvrage peu courant.
Bon état d’occasion
Briefe über die natürliche Magie, an Sir Walter Scott. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen von Friedrich Wolff.
Berlin, Enslin, 1833, in-8vo (17:11,5 cm), VIII + 415 S. + 1 w.Bl. Mit 79 Kupfern auf 22 Tafeln (2 mit beweglichen Applikationen). Etwas stockfleckig, Titel mit Namenszug von alter Hand. Orig. Verlags-Pappband,. Rücken mit kl. Bezugsfehlstellen, Ecken bestoßen.
Erste deutsche Ausgabe, gegenüber der englischen Originalausgabe um weitere Anmerkungen ergänzt. Schildert optische u. akustische Illusionen, kuriose Maschinen u. Automaten (darunter "Baron Kempeles Sprechmaschine") sowie verschiedene Zaubertricks. Brewster (1781-1868) ist der Erfinder des Kaleidoskops und eines dioptrischen Stereoskops.First German edition. - With 79 engr. illustrations on 22 plates, two with moveable parts. - Foxing, ownership inscription to title. Original boards, some dusting, rubbing to edges and corners. Graesse, BMP 116; vgl. DSB II, 451 ff. (zum Autor). Image disp.
(SLACES, NVVA)
Phone number : 41 (0)26 3223808
On the Polarisation of Light by oblique transmission through all Bodies, whether crystallized or uncrystallized. In a Letter addressed to Taylor Combe. Read January 27, 1814.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1814). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1814 - Part I. Pp. 219-230 and 1 engraved plate. Fine and clean.
First appearance of this pioneer work in the optical theory of polarization and double refraction by ""The discoverer of the law of polarization, of biaxal crystals, of optical mineralogy, and of double refraction by compression.""""Since Brewster had found that light was partially polarized by oblique refraction in mica, he attempted to determine the law of this polarization in he simpler case of successive refractions by a pile of thin glass plates. By the end of 1813 he had concluded that ""the number of plates in any parcel, multiplied by the tangent of the angle, at which it (completely) polarises light, is a constant quantity"" (in the paper offered here p. 221). More importent, since ""the pencil of light polarised by transmission (comports) itself, in every respect like one of the pencils former by double refracting crystals"" (the paper offered p. 219), study of the physical optics of transparent ought to enable philosophers ""to unfold the secrets of double refraction, to explain the forms and structure of crystallised bodies....""(DSB).
"BREWSTER, DAVID. - PRODUCING DOUBLE REFRACTION IN CRYSTALS.
Reference : 42803
(1816)
On the communication of the structure of double refracting crystals to glass, muriate of soda, fluor spar, and other substances, by mechanical compression and dilatation. Read Febraury 29, 1816.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1816). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1816 - Part I. Pp. 156-178 a. 2 engraved plates.
First appearance of an importent paper in optical theory in which Brewster describes his discovery that double refraction phenomena can be induced by mechanical means on different kinds of crystals by compression and deflection.Together with Brewsters paper comes a paper by Everard Home ""Some account of the feet of those animals whose progressive motion can be carried on in opposition to gravity."" Pp. 149-155 and 2 engraved plates.
On the Action of crystallized surfaces upon light. In a Letter addressed to Joseph Banks. Read February 25, 1819.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1819). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1819 - Part I. Pp. 145-160.
First appearance of one of Brewsters importent paper in the field of optical mineralogy, a field he himself created. In the paper he investigates the polarization-force of double refracting crystals. In 1819 he was able to group all but a few of hundreds of minerals and crystals into mutually consistent optical and mineralogical categories: the primitive form determined the number of axes of double refraction.""He regarded ""all the various phenomena of polarisation of light by reflexion and refraction as brought under the dominion of laws as well determined as those which regulate the motions of the planets."" In 1816 he received the Copley Medal, in 1819 two Rumford Medals, and in 1831 a Royal Medal for the papers in which he announced these discoveries. On the popular level, Brewster’s reputation was established in 1816 by the fad for his kaleidoscope. Its invention was a direct result of his studies of the ory of polarization by multiple reflections.""(DSB).
On the laws which regulate the Absorption of polarised Light by Double Refracting Crystals. In a Letter addressed to ... Sir Joseph Banks. read November 12, 1818.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1819). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1819 - Part I. Pp. 11-27, 1 textillustr.
First appearance of one of Brewsters importent paper in the field of optical mineralogy, a field he himself created. In the paper he investigates the polarization-force of double refracting crystals. In 1819 he was able to group all but a few of hundreds of minerals and crystals into mutually consistent optical and mineralogical categories: the primitive form determined the number of axes of double refraction.""He regarded ""all the various phenomena of polarisation of light by reflexion and refraction as brought under the dominion of laws as well determined as those which regulate the motions of the planets."" In 1816 he received the Copley Medal, in 1819 two Rumford Medals, and in 1831 a Royal Medal for the papers in which he announced these discoveries. On the popular level, Brewster’s reputation was established in 1816 by the fad for his kaleidoscope. Its invention was a direct result of his studies of the ory of polarization by multiple reflections.""(DSB).
On the Action of crystallized surfaces upon light. In a Letter addressed to Joseph Banks. Read February 25, 1819.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1819). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1819 - Part I. Pp. 145-160.
First appearance of one of Brewsters importent paper in the field of optical mineralogy, a field he himself created. In the paper he investigates the polarization-force of double refracting crystals. In 1819 he was able to group all but a few of hundreds of minerals and crystals into mutually consistent optical and mineralogical categories: the primitive form determined the number of axes of double refraction.""He regarded ""all the various phenomena of polarisation of light by reflexion and refraction as brought under the dominion of laws as well determined as those which regulate the motions of the planets."" In 1816 he received the Copley Medal, in 1819 two Rumford Medals, and in 1831 a Royal Medal for the papers in which he announced these discoveries. On the popular level, Brewster’s reputation was established in 1816 by the fad for his kaleidoscope. Its invention was a direct result of his studies of the ory of polarization by multiple reflections.""(DSB).
On the laws which regulate the Absorption of polarised Light by Double Refracting Crystals. In a Letter addressed to ... Sir Joseph Banks. read November 12, 1818.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1819). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1819 - Part I. Pp. 11-27, 1 textillustr.
First appearance of one of Brewsters importent paper in the field of optical mineralogy, a field he himself created. In the paper he investigates the polarization-force of double refracting crystals. In 1819 he was able to group all but a few of hundreds of minerals and crystals into mutually consistent optical and mineralogical categories: the primitive form determined the number of axes of double refraction.""He regarded ""all the various phenomena of polarisation of light by reflexion and refraction as brought under the dominion of laws as well determined as those which regulate the motions of the planets."" In 1816 he received the Copley Medal, in 1819 two Rumford Medals, and in 1831 a Royal Medal for the papers in which he announced these discoveries. On the popular level, Brewster’s reputation was established in 1816 by the fad for his kaleidoscope. Its invention was a direct result of his studies of the ory of polarization by multiple reflections.""(DSB).
On the optical and physical properties of Tabasheer. Read May6, 1819.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1819). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1819 - Part I. Pp. 283-299.
First appearance. Brewster analyzes Tabasheer with his new crystallographic methods.Tabasheer, also spelt as Tabachir or Tabashir, is a translucent white substance, composed mainly of silica and water with traces of lime and potash, obtained from the nodal joints of some species of bamboo. It is part of the pharmacology of the traditional Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine of the Indian subcontinent. It is also an ingredient in many traditional Chinese medicines.
Manuel d'optique, ou Traité complet et simplifié de cette science, par M. Brewster,... traduit par M. P. Vergnaud..
1833 Paris , Roret, 1833 ; 2 volumes in-18° brochés, couverture beige illustrée et imprimée en noir ; (4), iv, 268pp., 36pp. ( catalogue Roret); (4), v, 289pp. Illustré de 183 figures en 5 planches dépliantes.
Manque important de papier au dos des couvertures, taches jaunes au faux-titre du Tome 1, petit manque en bordure supérieure de la dernière planche (manque le titre courant) sans atteinte aux figures. (CHT14)
On the multiplication of images, and the colours which accompany them in some specimens of calcareus spar. Read June 8, 1815.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part II. Pp. 270-292 and 1 engraved plate.
First printing on an importent investigation of the double refraction phenomena in some crystals e.g. Icelandic spar, and describing an antichromatic instrument.Stitched together with this paper is a paper by Everard Home: ""On the mode of generation of the lamprey and myxine."" Pp. 265-269 a. 1 engraved plate.
On a Remarkable Property of the Diamond. Received February 15, - Read March 4, 1841. (+) On the Phenomenon of Solid and Fluid Substances exposed to Polarized Light. Receved April 15, - Read May 6, 1841.
(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1841). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1841 - Part I. Pp. 41-42 a. pp. 43-58 a. 1 engraved plate. The plate having a large dampstain to upper a. right margin, only very slightly touching the image.
Both papers first printings.
On some Properties of Light. Read January 28, 1813.
(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1813). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1813 - Part I. Pp. 101-109
First printing of Brewsters first paper in the Transactions in which he gives a preliminary result of his testing of the transmission of light through around 200 transparent substances. In a paper issued the next year (1814) he called the different phenomena that he observed here, Biaxal and Uniaxal.
