19 books for « babbage ch »Edit

‎MÉCANIQUE APPLIQUÉE. Note sur la machine suédoise de MM. Schutz pour calculer les Tables mathématique par la méthode des différences, et en imprimer les résultats sur des planches stéréotypes. - [BABBAGE'S REPORT ON THE SCHEUTZ-ENGINE]‎

‎Paris, Mallet-Bachelier, 1855. 4to. Extract, bound in new full blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine. A bit of brownspotting, otherwise a fine. [Babbage:] Pp. 557-560. [Entire issue: (3), 538-63 pp.].‎

‎Scarce first publication of Babbage's early report on the difference engine, which had been built by the Swedish printer Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard, based upon Babbage's own designs. ""In 1854 Babbage's ideas came to the attention of George and Edvard Scheutz, a father and son from Sweden. After reading a description of the Difference Engine (by Babbage), they designed and built their own version. This machine was smaller and lighter than the engine conceived by Babbage. They used gears and levers that would have been suitable for the mechanism of a clock. In contrast, Babbage used technology that would have been appropriate for a steam engine. Babbage's engine, if completed, would have filled a room. The Scheutz engine sat nicely on a table and looked like a complicated music box. Babbage was pleased with Scheutz's engine and praised it publicly [In the present paper]. (DSB).""Georg Scheutz's interest in calculating machines had begun twenty-five years earlier, when he first heard about Babbage's Difference Engine no. 1. In 1834, after reading Dionysius Lardner's technical article about the Difference Engine, Scheutz and his son began building their own engine, completing a crude prototype model in 1843 (Scheutz Engine no. 1) and an improved and more highly finished example in the 1850s (Schultz Engine no. 2.). As part of his effort to promote the Scheutz Engine, Babbage gave a talk on it before the Académie des Sciences, illustrated with drawings by his son Henry, in which Babbage's system of mechanical notation was used to describe the machine's construction and functions. This talk was published without illustrations in the Académie's Comptes rendus [the present paper]. (OOC).See Hook & Norman. Origins of Cyberspace 73.‎

‎Note sur la machine suédoise de MM. Schutz (!) pour calculer les Tables mathématiques par la méthode des différences, et en imprimer les résultats sur des planches stéréotypes.‎

‎(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1855. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 41, No 15. Pp. (537-) 563. (Entire issue offered). Babbage's paper: pp. 557-560. Some faint, mostly marginal brownspots.‎

‎First printing of this importent paper being babbage's report on the Scheutz differnce calculator, explaining its functions by way of his own notations.""Babbage's report on the differnce engine built by the Swedish printer Georg Scheuts (1785-1873) and his son Edvard (1821-81), based on Babbage's own designs.... In 1854 the Scheutzes took their engine no. 2 to England in the hopes of marketing it. There they were introduced to Babbage, who received them with great friendliness and showed a lively interest in their work. Babbage devoted two whole days to investigating Scheutz' engine for which he had much praise, especially for the way they had succeeded in building it with the funds at their disposals.... As part of his effort to promote the Scheutz Engine, Babbage gave a talk on it before the Academie des Sciences, illustrated with drawings by his son henry, in which Babbage's system of mechanical notation was used to describe the machines construction and functions. This talk was published (the paper offered) without illustrations in the Academie 'Comptes rendus'. ((Hook & Norman ""Origins of Cyberspace"", No. 73).‎

‎On a Method of expressing by signs the action of machinery. Read March 16, 1826.‎

‎(London, W.Nicol, 1826). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part III. Pp. 250-265 and 4 engraved plates. Some faint dampstains to plates. One plate with a small tear, no loss. the same plate some creasing at upper part, verso of plate somewhat soiled. Page 261 with some marginal brownspots and some soiling. The other leaves clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of a main paper in the history of Computing Science in which Babbage set forth some of the basic principles that guide modern computers.""Babbage's first publication of his system of mechanical notation that enabled him to describe the logic and operation of his machiness on paper as they would be fabricated in metal. Babbage later stated that: ""Without the aid of this language I could not have invented the Analytical Engine"" nor do I belive that any machinery of equal complexity can ever be contrived without the assistance of that or of some other equivalent language. The Difference Engine No.2...is entirely described by its aid."" .Babbage considered his mechanical notation system to be one of his finest inventions, and thought it should be widely implemented. It was a source of frustartion to him, that no other machine designerr adopted it (probably because no ther engineer during Babbage's time attermpted to build machines as logically and mechanically complex as Babbage's. More than one hundred years later, in the 1930s, when development in logic were applied to switching systems in the earliest efforts to devwelop electromechanical calculators. Ckaude Shannon demonstrated that Boolean algebra could be applied to the same types of problems for which Babbage had designed his mechanical notation system.""(Hook & Norman No. 37).Together with Babbage's paper comes a paper by J.F.W. Herschel ""On the parallax of the fixed stars"", pp. 266-280.‎

‎An Essay towards the calculus of functions. Communicated by W.H. Wollaston. Read June 15, 1815. (+) An essay towards the calculus of functions. Part II. Communicated by W.H.Wollaston. Read March 14, 1816. (2 Papers).‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815 and 1816). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1815 - Part I. and 1816 - Part II. Having both titlepages to the parts. Pp. (2),389-446 and (2),179-256. First titlepage with a stamp on verso. Otherwise fine and clean.‎

‎First printings of Babbage's main mathematical contributions.""Babbage's major Contribution to mathematics was his calculus of functions, which he became interested in as early as 1809 and continued to develop during his years at Cambridge. Babbage presents his major ideas on the subject in the above two papers, published in the ""Philosophical Transactions"" in 1815 and 1816. ""It can be said with some assurance that no mathematician prior to Babbage had treated the calculus of functions in such systematic way...Babbage must be given full credit as the inventor of a distinct and importent branch of mathematics"" (Dubbey 1978, 90). Elsewhere Dubby states that his new scheme would serve as a generalized calculus to include all problems capable of analytical formulation, and it is possible to see here a hint of the inspiration for his concept of THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE. While the work on the engines and his other scientific, social and political activities caused him virtually to abandon mathematical research at the age of thirty, the calculus of functions was the area he often yearned to continue. In fact the calculus of functions was not taken up by other workers, and it is the aspect of Babbage's mathematical work that modern mathematicians find most fascinating (Dubbey 1989, 18-19)."" (Hook a. Norman No. 19).Charles Babbage, William Herschel and George Peacock founded in 1810 in Cambridge the ""Analytical Society"", at Trinity College in order to reform the notation and the teaching of mathematics in England, introducing Leibniz' differential notation instead of Newton's fluxions. The continental texts and papers then became accessible to English students.‎

‎On the existence of a limit to evaporization. Communicated May 26, 1826. Read June 15, 1826. (And Babbage:) On electrical and magnetic rotations. Communicated May 29, 1826. Read June 15, 1826. (2 papers).‎

‎(London, W.Nicol, 1826). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1826 - Part III. Pp. 484-493 a. pp. 494-528 a. 1 engraved plate. The plate dampstained in upper margin, outside image. Clean and fine.‎

‎These two important papers were presented to The Royal Academy at the same date, and stitched together from the Transactions.In his paper FARADAY observes importent relations between tension, pressure, temperature and gravitation as he proves that any kind of matter, not only air, ceases to assume the elastic form, whenever the gravitation of its particles is stronger than the elasticity of its vapour. The loss of tension necessary for effecting this object may be accomplished in two ways, either by extreme dilatation, or by cold.The paper by BBBAGE is the second of two papers on electromagnetism, the first written together with his friend J.F.W. Herschel.""The curious phenomena of electromagnetism were beginning to be discovered during this period, and inevitably Babbage took an interest. In the spring of 1825 Gay Lussac visited London and described Arago's experiments with rotating discs. Plates of copper and other substances set in rapid motion in a magnetic field and under a magnetized needle caused it to deviate from its direction, finally dragging it round with them. At this time Herschel was secretary of the Royal Society and had rooms in Devonshire Street. Babbage and he carried out some quite extensive experiments in Babbage's house. They tried the effect with discs of many different substances using Babbage's lathe: only metals and graphite showed the effect and they concluded that the conductivity of the disc was the importent point...however they did not solve the problem of electromagnetic induction: æater their friend Michael Faraday did.""(Hyman in ""Charles Babbage. Pioneer of the Computer"", p.58). - Babbage's first paper on electrical and magnetic rotation is listed by Hook & Norman :35, but not the paper offered.‎

‎Observations on the Notation employed in the Calculus of Functions. (Read May 1. 1820).‎

‎London, Cambridge University Press, 1822. 4to. In recent paper wrappers. Extracted from the ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 1, bound with the title-page of the volume. Fine and clean. (2), (63)-76‎

‎First appearance of Babbage paper on the notation employed in the Calculus of Functions.""Babbage's major Contribution to mathematics was his calculus of functions, which he became interested in as early as 1809 and continued to develop during his years at Cambridge. Babbage presents his major ideas on the subject in the above two papers, published in the ""Philosophical Transactions"" in 1815 and 1816. ""It can be said with some assurance that no mathematician prior to Babbage had treated the calculus of functions in such systematic way...Babbage must be given full credit as the inventor of a distinct and importent branch of mathematics"" (Dubbey 1978, 90). Elsewhere Dubby states that his new scheme would serve as a generalized calculus to include all problems capable of analytical formulation, and it is possible to see here a hint of the inspiration for his concept of THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE. While the work on the engines and his other scientific, social and political activities caused him virtually to abandon mathematical research at the age of thirty, the calculus of functions was the area he often yearned to continue. In fact the calculus of functions was not taken up by other workers, and it is the aspect of Babbage's mathematical work that modern mathematicians find most fascinating (Dubbey 1989, 18-19)."" (Hook a. Norman No. 19).‎

‎Observations on the Notation employed in the Calculus of Functions. (Read May 1. 1820).‎

‎London, Cambridge University Press, 1822. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 1. Fine and clean. Pp. (63)-76‎

‎First appearance of Babbage paper on the notation employed in the Calculus of Functions.""Babbage's major Contribution to mathematics was his calculus of functions, which he became interested in as early as 1809 and continued to develop during his years at Cambridge. Babbage presents his major ideas on the subject in the above two papers, published in the ""Philosophical Transactions"" in 1815 and 1816. ""It can be said with some assurance that no mathematician prior to Babbage had treated the calculus of functions in such systematic way...Babbage must be given full credit as the inventor of a distinct and importent branch of mathematics"" (Dubbey 1978, 90). Elsewhere Dubby states that his new scheme would serve as a generalized calculus to include all problems capable of analytical formulation, and it is possible to see here a hint of the inspiration for his concept of THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE. While the work on the engines and his other scientific, social and political activities caused him virtually to abandon mathematical research at the age of thirty, the calculus of functions was the area he often yearned to continue. In fact the calculus of functions was not taken up by other workers, and it is the aspect of Babbage's mathematical work that modern mathematicians find most fascinating (Dubbey 1989, 18-19)."" (Hook a. Norman No. 19).Erwin Tomash B47‎

‎Science économique des manufactures, Traduit de l'Anglais de Ch. Babbage, sur la troisième édition, par M. Isoard.‎

‎Paris, A la librairie Orientale de Dondey-Dupré, 1834. xxiii, (1), 392 pp. 8vo. Contemporary half calf, marbled boards, spine gilt in compartments, gilt lettering, a bit rubbed. Goldsmiths 28497; not Einaudi; not in Kress. First edition of Isoard's translation of the second part of Babbage's Economy of Machinery and Manufactures - the domestic and political economies of manufactures - published just a year after Biot's first translation into French. This translation is taken from the important third edition containing the final text of the classic treatise on the economics of the manufacturing industry. Isoard's translation differs from the translation by Edouard Biot. While Biot chose to translate the entirety of Babbage's work, Isoard was more selective, with the aim of reaching a wider and more varied readership than Biot. He therefore dropped technical chapters on mechanics, translated much of the technical vocabulary into layman's terms, and rearranged many of the paragraphs in order to improve the continuity of each subject. The Economy of Machinery and Manufactures was Babbage's 'brilliant and utterly original foray into political economy ... Adam Smith had analysed the sources of increases in labour productivity to be found in the division of labour: Babbage took this fundamental principle of economic growth and applied it to the individual firm. His obvious first-hand knowledge of a wide variety of industrial and business processes, combined with general analysis of production systems, made the work a tour de force. At a time of anxiety and ambiguity over the reception of new technology, he also offered authoritative policy statements on a wide range of machinery issues, including patent reform, export of machinery, crises of over production, and technological unemployment. The book's intellectual position in relationship to political economy was not, however, easily apparent, and few apart from J.S. Mill and Karl Marx appreciated its significance to their discipline' (Maxine Berg in the introduction to the Pickering Masters edition of Babbage's works, 1989). ‎

‎An examination of some questions connected with games of chance (+) On the Application of Analysis to the Discovery of Local Theorems and Porisms. - [BABBAGE'S ONLY PAPER ON PROBABILITY]‎

‎Edinburgh, William & Charles Tait / London, Longman, etc, 1823. 4to. In recent marbled paper wrappers. Extracted from ""Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh"" 9, pt. 1 (1821). Leaves reinforced in margin. Pp. (6), 153-177, 337-352.‎

‎First Edition of Babbage's only paper on probability. ""In this paper [Babbage's] concern was primarily mathematical, and we will find considerable skill in the manipulation of functions and polynomials. [...] The major interest in this particular paper [is] the ingenious use of algebra to solve probability problems, especially the devices using the coefficients of polynomials and the roots of unity"" (Dubbey, The Mathematical Work of Charles Babbage, pp. 141-42).Erwin Tomash B22 ‎

‎Traité sur l'économie des machines et des manufactures‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1833, in-8, XVI-515 pp, demi-basane havane de l'époque, dos long orné de filets dorés et à froid, Première édition française, procurée par Edouard Biot. La première édition anglaise a paru en 1832. Mathématicien anglais de renom, Charles Babbage est particulièrement connu pour avoir conçu des machines à calculer que l'on considère comme les ancêtres des ordinateurs. Il est à juste titre considéré comme le précurseur de l'informatique. Son Traité sur l'économie des machines et des manufactures constitue un Essai prenant la forme d'une étude novatrice pour l'époque. Se présentant en deux parties, le premier pan de l'ouvrage prend la forme d'un abrégé de mécanique pratique visant à rendre compte de l'utilisation des machines au sein des Arts et des Manufactures. La seconde partie prenant la forme d'un traité d'économie politique expose quant à elle les effets généraux de l'industrie manufacturière, ses avantages et ses inconvénients. Cet ouvrage demeure fondateur, accompagnant le développement du secteur secondaire en Angleterre, Babbage offre ici une étude rigoureuse allant de paire avec le contexte d'industrialisation massif de l'époque. Texte phare de l'économie politique ayant exercé une véritable influence au sein de la discipline, cette première traduction de grande qualité entend promouvoir et favoriser l'essor de l'industrie commerciale en France. Les préceptes de Babbage y sont ainsi pour la première fois exposés et rendu accessibles au public francophone. Norman, p.33-34, N° 92 (pour la première édition anglaise) ; et DSB, I, p.354-357. Cachets et étiquette de l'Institut catholique de Paris. Dos frotté. Épidermures et rousseurs. Couverture rigide‎

‎Bon XVI-515 pp.‎

‎Traité sur l'économie des machines et des manufactures‎

‎Paris, Bachelier, 1833, in-8, de (4), XVI, 515 et (1) pages, pleine percaline noire postérieure, dos lisse avec titre, Première édition française, procurée par Edouard Biot. La première édition anglaise a paru en 1832. Mathématicien anglais de renom, Charles Babbage est particulièrement connu pour avoir conçu des machines à calculer que l'on considère comme les ancêtres des ordinateurs. Il est à juste titre considéré comme le précurseur de l'informatique. Son Traité sur l'économie des machines et des manufactures constitue un Essai prenant la forme d'une étude novatrice pour l'époque. Se présentant en deux parties, le premier pan de l'ouvrage prend la forme d'un abrégé de mécanique pratique visant à rendre compte de l'utilisation des machines au sein des Arts et des Manufactures. La seconde partie prenant la forme d'un traité d'économie politique expose quant à elle les effets généraux de l'industrie manufacturière, ses avantages et ses inconvénients. Cet ouvrage demeure fondateur, accompagnant le développement du secteur secondaire en Angleterre, Babbage offre ici une étude rigoureuse allant de paire avec le contexte d'industrialisation massif de l'époque. Texte phare de l'économie politique ayant exercé une véritable influence au sein de la discipline, cette première traduction de grande qualité entend promouvoir et favoriser l'essor de l'industrie commerciale en France. Les préceptes de Babbage y sont ainsi pour la première fois exposés et rendu accessibles au public francophone. Bon état, quelques rousseurs. Norman, p.33-34, N° 92 (pour la première édition anglaise) ; et DSB, I, p.354-357. Couverture rigide‎

‎Bon de (4), XVI, 515 et (1) pages‎

‎Revue d'Histoire des Sciences - Tome 36 (XXXVI), n° 1 - Janvier 1983, Thalès : Tome 16 (XVI), Années 1979-1981 , (Logique et système du savoir selon Hugues de Saint-Victor - Darwin et l'écologie - De l'analyse au système : Le développement de l'Immunologie - Charles Babbage : Vers une théorie du calcul mécanique, machines à calculer)‎

‎Presses Universitaires de France - P.U.F. , Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1983 Book condition, Etat : Bon broché, sous couverture imprimée éditeur bleu ciel grand In-8 1 vol. - 110 pages‎

‎ 1ere édition, 1983 Contents, Chapitres : 1. Articles : Luce Giard : Logique et système du savoir selon Hugues de Saint-Victor - Pascal Acot : Darwin et l'écologie - Anne-Marie Moulin : De l'analyse au système : Le développement de l'Immunologie - Jean Mosconi : Charles Babbage : Vers une théorie du calcul mécanique (40 pages sur les machines à calculer) Couverture propre, bel exemplaire, intérieur frais et propre, papier à peine jauni - paginé 1 à 110‎

‎Traité sur l'Economie des Machines et des Manufactures, by Ch. Babbage...traduit de l'Anglais sur la troisième édition par Éd. Biot.‎

‎ Bruxelles, H.Dumont libraire-éditeur, rue du persil, 1834, in-8°, 17 x 10,7 cm, (4) nn pp + vii pp + 468 pp, sewn, with the original rose coloured printed wrapper. Uncut copy, with some very slight foxing at some page, cover and margins very slightly dustsoiled, last 6 pp with some dogearing. Excellent copy of this French translation of Babbage's '' On the economy of machinery and manufactures ''. This work appeared in 1832 and was allmost immediately translated into French by the famous French mathematicien Edouard Biot. Our copy is a pirated edition of this first French edition which was published by Bachelier in Paris in the previous year ( 1833). This pirated edition is proof of the immense success of Babbage's work. The system of pirated Brussels editions was in vogue until 1845 when an agreement between France (Paris) and Belgium (Brussels) settled the piracy.‎

‎On some new Methods of investigating the Sums of several Classes of infinite Series. Read April 1, 1819.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer & Co.), 1819. 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for the Year MDCCCXIX."", pp. 249-282. Broad margins, clean and fine. With the titlepage to the volume Part II.‎

‎First edition, the journal printing, of one of the importent works in pure mathematics, which occupied Babbage from 1815-20. The item offered is the authors 5th work.""Babbage brings his great powers of inventiveness to this subject (i.e. infinite series) but like many of his contemporaries, appeared insensitive to problems arising out of convergence, and accepted unquestionably several absurd results."" (Dubbey 1979, pp. 135-36). - Hook and Norman No 24.‎

‎On some new Methods of investigating the Sums of several Classes of infinite Series. Read April 1, 1819.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer & Co.), 1819. 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for the Year MDCCCXIX."", pp. 249-282.‎

‎First edition, the journal printing, of one of the importent works in pure mathematics, which occupied Babbage from 1815-20. The item offered is the authors 5th work.""Babbage brings his great powers of inventiveness to this subject (i.e. infinite series) but like many of his contemporaries, appeared insensitive to problems arising out of convergence, and accepted unquestionably several absurd results."" (Dubbey 1979, pp. 135-36). - Hook and Norman No 24.‎

‎Recueil de 5 notices biographiques dont 2 avec envois autographes signés‎

‎, , in-12, , Demi-maroquin rouge, dos à nerfs, tête dorée, Recueil de 5 notices biographiques dont 2 avec envois autographes signés : - QUETELET, A. Notice historique sur le commandeur de Nieuport. Tiré à part de la Correspondance mathématique et physique, Bruxelles, Hayez, 1829, vol. V, pp. 242-253. - QUETELET, A. Notice sur le colonel G.-P. Dandelin, membre de l'Académie royale de Belgique. Bruxelles, Hayez, 1848. 38 pp. Édition originale du tiré à part de l'Annuaire de l'Académie Royale de Belgique, cet exemplaire est enrichi d'un envoi autographe signé de l'auteur à Michel Chasles. - QUETELET, A. Notice sur Sir John W. Herschel associé de l'Académie. Bruxelles, Hayez, 1872. 43 pp. Tiré à part de l'Annuaire de l'Académie Royale de Belgique. - QUETELET, A. Notice sur Charles Babbage, associé de l'Académie Royale de Belgique. Bruxelles, Hayez, 1875. 21 pp. Tiré à part de l'Annuaire de l'Académie Royale de Belgique. - QUETELET, A. Notice sur l'Observatoire royal de Bruxelles. [Bruxelles, Hayez, 1872 ?] Cet exemplaire est enrichi d'un envoi autographe signé de l'auteur à Michel Chasles Ex-libris gravé de Michel Chasles, célèbre mathématicien français du XIXe siècle. Ex-libris gravé d'Henri Viellard. Étiquette et tampons de l'Institut catholique de Paris. Couverture rigide‎

4 Images

‎Bon ‎

‎Science économique des manufactures. traduit de l'anglais sur la troisième édition, par M. Isoard.‎

‎Paris, Librairie orientale de Dondey-Dupré, 1834 in-8, xxiij-392 pp., demi-basane tabac, dos lisse orné de guirlandes et fleurons dorés, tranches marbrées (reliure de l'époque). Petite salissure sur le plat supérieur, rousseurs.‎

‎Seconde traduction française d'une partie seulement de l'ouvrage On the Economy of machinery and manufactures (1832), où le mot principal, "machinery" a été laissé de côté, ainsi que la partie qui lui est consacrée, selon un processus qui illustre à merveille la différence de mentalité entre Français et Anglo-Saxons, le traducteur se concentrant sur les aspects légaux et sociaux de l'industrie. C'est un énorme contresens, car Charles Babbage (1791-1871) est en effet surtout un ingénieur et un inventeur , dont les recherches dans le domaine des calculatrices préparèrent la voie à la conception des ordinateurs. Cependant, l'année précédente, Edouard Biot avait donné une traduction complète de la même oeuvre (1833). - - VENTE PAR CORRESPONDANCE UNIQUEMENT‎

‎Notice ( biographique) sur Charles Babbage (1792-1871), associé de l'Académie Royale de Belgique.‎

‎0. Bruxelles, Académie Royale, 1873, in-8°, Annuaire 1873, 39e année, sewn, original green stiff wrapper. (uncut, unopened copy). Text in French. Article of ca. 16 pp published in the Academy's yearbook. Here the complete yearbook is on offer. (With also an article on the cartographer Van der Maelen).‎

‎On the Determination of the General Term of a New Class of Infinite Series. [Read May 3, 1824].‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1826 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 2, part 1. . Fine and clean. Pp. (217)-225 + the pasted on title-page.‎

‎First printing of the early mathematical paper. Erwin Tomash B14.‎