‎RAOULT (F.)‎
‎Etude des forces électromotrices des éléments voltaïques -- EDITION ORIGINALE‎

‎P., Mallet-Bachelier, 1863, un volume in 4, broché, couverture muette moderne, 100pp., 2 planches dépliantes‎

Reference : 7902

‎---- EDITION ORIGINALE de la thèse présentées à la Faculté des Sciences de Paris par François RAOULT ---- "RAOULT discovered that the chemical heat of reaction of galvanic cells of the Daniell type was generally different from the heat equivalent of the electrical work dne in these cells. He also used a voltameter, an instrument that measures the quantity of electricity by the amount of electrolysis, tostudy the heat evolved in voltaic cells. RAOULT was one of the first to recognize that the electrical work done by voltaic cells was not equal to the heat evolved by the chemical reaction driving these cells. He showed that whenever the electrical work done in voltaic cells was less than the heat of all reactions, heat was evolved. Moreover, he stated that changes in concentration, oxidation, and in acid-base relationships, but not changes in aggregation such as dissolving, melting or solidifying, wre the sources of the electromotive force of voltaic cells... The appreciation of his pioneering work had to wait until the theoretical sutidies of Gibbs, Helmholtz, Van't Hoff, Arrhenius, and Nernst made its value apparent ot all". (DSB XI pp. 297/299)**7902/M7DE‎