‎[LITTERATURE] - GRIMBERT (Philippe) - ‎
‎Un secret. ‎

‎Développement de la proposition de M. le Géneral Donnadieu, dans le comité secret du 11 avril 1821, tendant à ce qu'il soit fait une adresse à sa majesté, pour la supplier de vouloir bien choisir un autre ministère, attendu que celui actuel est incapable et anti-français. Paris, Dentu, 1821, 28 pages; suivi de: Opinion de M. le Vicomte Donnadieu, député des Bouches du Rhône, sur le projet de loi relatif au bugget de 1821, imprimée par ordre de la Chambre, Paris, Hacquart, 1821, 50 pages; suivi de: Opinion de M. le Vicomte Donnadieu sur le budget du Ministère de la Guerre, Paris, Hacquart, 1821, 22 pages; Suivi de: Séance complète du comité secret de la Chambre des Députés tenu le 26 novembre 1821. Monument Historique. Paris, Corréard, 1821, 19 pages; suivi de: Opinion de M. le Général Donnadieu sur la discution de l'Adresse au Roi, et le discours de sa Majesté en réponse à cette adresse, Paris, Dentu, 1821, 8 pages; suivi de: Opinion de M. le Vicomte Donnadieu sur le projet de loi contenant le budget de l'exercice 1822, Paris, Hacquart, 1821, 19 pages; suivi de Discours de M.Clausel de Coussergues, député de l'Aveyron, sur les fonds destiné aux dépenses secretes de la police, suivi de remarques sur les réponses par les ministres, Paris, Egron et Dentu, 1821, 168 pages; suivi de: [anonyme] Coup d'oeil sur la marche des résultats de nos discutions politiques par M.***, Paris, librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 11 pages; suivi de: [anonyme] Quelques réflexions sur la séance de la Chambre des Député du 24 mai 1821 par M.***, Paris, Librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 15 pages; suivi de: Quelques vérités, réflexions politique par M. le Comte O'MAHONY, paris, librairie grecque-latine, 1821, IV-11 pages; suivi de: De la loi de censure et des conséquences de son adoption par M. T. de B., Paris, librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 14 pages; suivi de: Revue de la session législative de 1820-1821 par M. T. de B., Paris, librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 12 pages,; suivi de: Encore quelques vérités, réflexions politiques par M. le Comte O'Mahony, Paris, librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 11 pages; suivi de: Une scène du Conseil des Ministre, séance du vendredi 27 juillet 1821 par M. J. E. F., Paris, librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 16 pages; suivi de: Suite des mille et une nuits, contes arabes, traduits par M.*** sur le texte original, publiés par M. le Comte O'Mahony, Paris, Librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 16 pages; suivi de: Matériaux pour servir à la vie publique et privée de Joseph Fouché dit Duc D'Otrante par M. N*** (Jean-Joseph Regnault-Warin), Paris, librairie grecque-latine, 1821, 16 pages.‎

‎ 1821 Recueil factice de différentes publications et mémoires d'inspiration royaliste reliées en 1 volume in-8 demi basane marbrée de l'époque, dos lisse à faux nerfs dorés, pièces de titre rouge notée "divers mémoires", tranches mouchetées de rouge, très bon état‎

‎O kulcie jednostki i jego nastepstwach. Referat I Sekretarza KC KPZR tow. N. S. Chruszczowa na XX Zjezdzie Komunistycznej Partii Zwiazku Radzieckiego 25 lutego 1956 r. Nieopublikowane materialy doreczone delegatom na XX Zjazd KPZR. [i.e. On the Cult o... - [THE SECRET SPEECH THAT CHANGED WORLD HISTORY]‎

‎Warszawa, March (27th and 31st) 1956. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. With ""Wylacznie do uzytku organizacji partyjnych"" (""Exclusively for inner-party use"") printed to top of front wrapper. Stamped serial number to front wrapper: 12861. A few light creases to wrappers. A A very nice, clean, and fresh copy.Previous owner's name to title-page. 95, (1) pp.‎

‎Extremely scarce second impression, printed for private circulation only (""exclusively for inner-party use""), of one of the most important documents of the 20th century, namely Khrushchev's so-called ""Secret Speech"", also known as the ""Khrushchev Report"". This seminal speech was delivered at an unpublicized closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded, and the present Polish version, which appeard in two different printings, of it was the only one that circulated during the Cold War, the official Russian text being unknown until its 1989 publication. The CIA counterfeit edition [falsely stating Moscow 1959] was in fact a translation into Russian from the present Polish text, which was smuggled out of Moscow and leaked, via Israel, to the USA. There are two impressions of the first edition of Khrushchev's speech, both bearing the date March 1956 and both ordered by the Polish communist party authorities in the span of March 27 - March 31. As opposed to the even scarcer first priting of the text, this second priting of 96 pages was edited to give only Khrushchev's speech (without the recorded interjections and ovations), but containing also a second part, ""Unpublished materials"" with Lenin's ""Testament"", Lenin's ""On the National Question"", and Stalin's notes.The present publication shook the Western world and changed our history for good. ""Its consequences, by no means fully foreseen by Khrushchev, shook the Soviet Union to the core, but even more so its communist allies, notably in central Europe. Forces were unleashed that eventually changed the course of history. But at the time, the impact on the delegates was more immediate. Soviet sources now say some were so convulsed as they listened that they suffered heart attacks"" others committed suicide afterwards."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006 ).On February 24, 1956 before assembled delegates at a secret session of the Communist Party's Twentieth Congress, Nikita Khrushchev delivered his so-called ""Secret Speech"", denouncing Stalin for his transgressions. The public session of the 20th Congress had come to a formal end on 24 February 1956 when word was spread to delegates to return to the Great Hall of the Kremlin for an additional ""closed session,"" to which journalists, guests, and delegates from ""fraternal parties"" from outside the USSR were not invited. Special passes were issued to those eligible to participate, with an additional 100 former Party members, recently released from the Soviet prison camp network. The speech was thus secretly held in this closed session, without discussion, and it was neither published as part of the congress' proceedings nor reported in the Soviet press. The speech that sent shock waves through the congress participants denounced Stalin, describing him as satanic despot and terrorist who had committed the greatest of crimes. Quoting from correspondence, memoranda and his own observations, Khrushchev gave details of Stalin's horrible actions during the Terror of the late 1930'ies, the unpreparedness of the country at the time of the Nazi invasion in June 1941, numerous wartime blunders, the deportation of various nationalities in 1943 and 1944, and the banishing of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Soviet bloc after the war. Absolving the party itself of these grave actions, Khrushchev attributed them to the ""cult of personality"" that Stalin encouraged and his ""violations of socialist legality"". According to Khrushchev's speech, Stalin was a tyrant, a murderer and torturer of party members.Khrushchev gave his grim tale of the obscene crimes committed by his predecessor, Josef Stalin, only three years after the death of Stalin, who was then celebrated as a great leader and whose death was mourned by the great majority of Soviet citizens, who saw him as a divine father. It is no wonder that this lengthy speech from their new leader completely shocked Soviet communists, being told so soon after his death that far from far from being divine, their hero Stalin was actually outright satanic. The leaders who inherited the party from the old dictator had agreed - after months of furious argument - that Khrushchev should make the speech, but on the condition that it should never be published.Khrushchev read from a prepared report and no stenographic record of the closed session was kept. No questions or debate followed Khrushchev's presentation, and it is reported that delegates left the hall in a state of complete disorientation. It is even said that several delegates suffered heart attacks and that some even committed suicide upon listening to the horrifying speech. On the evening of the congress, delegates of foreign Communist parties were called to the Kremlin and given the opportunity to read the prepared text of the Khrushchev speech, which was treated as a top secret state document. Reports of the speech soon reached the West and as early as March the contents were reported in Western media. ""The content of the speech reached the west through a circuitous route. A few copies of the speech were sent by order of the Soviet Politburo to leaders of the Eastern Bloc countries. Shortly after the speech had been disseminated, a Polish journalist, Viktor Grayevsky, visited his girlfriend, Lucia Baranowski, who worked as a junior secretary in the office of the first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Edward Ochab. On her desk was a thick booklet with a red binding, with the words: ""The 20th Party Congress, the speech of Comrade Khrushchev."" Grayevsky had heard rumors of the speech and, as a journalist, was interested in reading it. Baranowski allowed him to take the document home to read.As it happened, Grayevsky, who was Jewish, and had made a recent trip to Israel to visit his sick father, decided to emigrate there. After he read the speech, he decided to take it to the Israeli Embassy and gave it to Yaakov Barmor who had helped Grayevsky make his trip to visit Grayevsky's sick father. Barmor was a Shin Bet representative"" he photographed the document and sent the photographs to Israel. By the afternoon of April 13, 1956, the Shin Bet in Israel received the photographs. Israeli intelligence and United States intelligence had previously secretly agreed to cooperate on security matters. James Jesus Angleton was the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) head of counterintelligence and in charge of the clandestine liaison with Israeli intelligence. The photographs were delivered to him. On April 17, 1956, the photographs reached the CIA chief Allen Dulles, who quickly informed U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to The New York Times in early June.""""In the West, the impact of the speech received a colossal boost from the publication of the full, albeit sanitised, text in The Observer and the New York Times. This was the first time the full text had been available for public scrutiny anywhere in the world. Even local party secretaries who read it to members had to return their texts within 36 hours. (Those texts were also sanitised, omitting two incidents in the speech that Orlov related to me.)According to William Taubman, in his masterly biography of Khrushchev, the full text leaked out through Poland where, like other central European communist allies, Moscow had sent an edited copy for distribution to the Polish party."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).The speech sent shock waves throughout the Communist world and caused many Western Communists to abandon the movement. In central Europe, the impact of the speech was enormous. By autumn Poland was ready to explode and in Hungary an anti-communist revolution overthrew the Stalinist party and government, replacing them with the short-lived reformist Imre Nagy.""Some may doubt that Stalin's Soviet Union could ever have been reformed, but Khrushchev was not among them - and neither, indeed, was Gorbachev. But after two decades of decay under Brezhnev, even he could not hold the country together. It can well be argued that the 'secret speech' was the century's most momentous, planting the seed that eventually caused the demise of the USSR."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).It is the present version of the seminal text that leaked behind the Iron Curtain. Allegedly the CIA offered USD 1.000.000 for a copy, before they came into possession of the text through other channels. Khrushchev himself stated: ""It was supposed to have been secret, but in fact it was far from being secret.. our document fell into the hands of some Polish comrades who were hostile towards the Soviet Union. They used my speech for their own purposes and made copies of it. I was told that it was being sold for very little.""Like the first impression, almost all the copies of this extremely scarce publication - which were all numbered and strictly registered - were withdrawn and destroyed after 11 April 1956. We have been able to locate no copies of either impression outside of Poland and can find no copies registered in OCLC.‎

‎O kulcie jednostki i jego nastepstwach. Referat I Sekretarza KC KPZR tow. N. S. Chruszczowa na XX Zjezdzie Komunistycznej Partii Zwiazku Radzieckiego 25 lutego 1956 r. Nieopublikowane materialy doreczone delegatom na XX Zjazd KPZR. [i.e. On the Cult o... - [THE SECRET SPEECH THAT CHANGED WORLD HISTORY]‎

‎Warszawa, March (31st) 1956. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. With ""Wylacznie do uzytku organizacji partyjnych"" (""Exclusively for inner-party use"") printed to top of front wrapper. A very nice, clean, and fresh copy. 95, (1) pp.‎

‎Extremely scarce second impression, printed for private circulation only (""exclusively for inner-party use""), of one of the most important documents of the 20th century, namely Khrushchev's so-called ""Secret Speech"", also known as the ""Khrushchev Report"". This seminal speech was delivered at an unpublicized closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded, and the present Polish version, which appeard in two different printings, of it was the only one that circulated during the Cold War, the official Russian text being unknown until its 1989 publication. The CIA counterfeit edition [falsely stating Moscow 1959] was in fact a translation into Russian from the present Polish text, which was smuggled out of Moscow and leaked, via Israel, to the USA. There are two impressions of the first edition of Khrushchev's speech, both bearing the date March 1956 and both ordered by the Polish communist party authorities in the span of March 27 - March 31. As opposed to the even scarcer first priting of the text, this second priting of 96 pages was edited to give only Khrushchev's speech (without the recorded interjections and ovations), but containing also a second part, ""Unpublished materials"" with Lenin's ""Testament"", Lenin's ""On the National Question"", and Stalin's notes.The present publication shook the Western world and changed our history for good. ""Its consequences, by no means fully foreseen by Khrushchev, shook the Soviet Union to the core, but even more so its communist allies, notably in central Europe. Forces were unleashed that eventually changed the course of history. But at the time, the impact on the delegates was more immediate. Soviet sources now say some were so convulsed as they listened that they suffered heart attacks"" others committed suicide afterwards."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006 ).On February 24, 1956 before assembled delegates at a secret session of the Communist Party's Twentieth Congress, Nikita Khrushchev delivered his so-called ""Secret Speech"", denouncing Stalin for his transgressions. The public session of the 20th Congress had come to a formal end on 24 February 1956 when word was spread to delegates to return to the Great Hall of the Kremlin for an additional ""closed session,"" to which journalists, guests, and delegates from ""fraternal parties"" from outside the USSR were not invited. Special passes were issued to those eligible to participate, with an additional 100 former Party members, recently released from the Soviet prison camp network. The speech was thus secretly held in this closed session, without discussion, and it was neither published as part of the congress' proceedings nor reported in the Soviet press. The speech that sent shock waves through the congress participants denounced Stalin, describing him as satanic despot and terrorist who had committed the greatest of crimes. Quoting from correspondence, memoranda and his own observations, Khrushchev gave details of Stalin's horrible actions during the Terror of the late 1930'ies, the unpreparedness of the country at the time of the Nazi invasion in June 1941, numerous wartime blunders, the deportation of various nationalities in 1943 and 1944, and the banishing of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Soviet bloc after the war. Absolving the party itself of these grave actions, Khrushchev attributed them to the ""cult of personality"" that Stalin encouraged and his ""violations of socialist legality"". According to Khrushchev's speech, Stalin was a tyrant, a murderer and torturer of party members.Khrushchev gave his grim tale of the obscene crimes committed by his predecessor, Josef Stalin, only three years after the death of Stalin, who was then celebrated as a great leader and whose death was mourned by the great majority of Soviet citizens, who saw him as a divine father. It is no wonder that this lengthy speech from their new leader completely shocked Soviet communists, being told so soon after his death that far from far from being divine, their hero Stalin was actually outright satanic. The leaders who inherited the party from the old dictator had agreed - after months of furious argument - that Khrushchev should make the speech, but on the condition that it should never be published.Khrushchev read from a prepared report and no stenographic record of the closed session was kept. No questions or debate followed Khrushchev's presentation, and it is reported that delegates left the hall in a state of complete disorientation. It is even said that several delegates suffered heart attacks and that some even committed suicide upon listening to the horrifying speech. On the evening of the congress, delegates of foreign Communist parties were called to the Kremlin and given the opportunity to read the prepared text of the Khrushchev speech, which was treated as a top secret state document. Reports of the speech soon reached the West and as early as March the contents were reported in Western media. ""The content of the speech reached the west through a circuitous route. A few copies of the speech were sent by order of the Soviet Politburo to leaders of the Eastern Bloc countries. Shortly after the speech had been disseminated, a Polish journalist, Viktor Grayevsky, visited his girlfriend, Lucia Baranowski, who worked as a junior secretary in the office of the first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Edward Ochab. On her desk was a thick booklet with a red binding, with the words: ""The 20th Party Congress, the speech of Comrade Khrushchev."" Grayevsky had heard rumors of the speech and, as a journalist, was interested in reading it. Baranowski allowed him to take the document home to read.As it happened, Grayevsky, who was Jewish, and had made a recent trip to Israel to visit his sick father, decided to emigrate there. After he read the speech, he decided to take it to the Israeli Embassy and gave it to Yaakov Barmor who had helped Grayevsky make his trip to visit Grayevsky's sick father. Barmor was a Shin Bet representative"" he photographed the document and sent the photographs to Israel. By the afternoon of April 13, 1956, the Shin Bet in Israel received the photographs. Israeli intelligence and United States intelligence had previously secretly agreed to cooperate on security matters. James Jesus Angleton was the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) head of counterintelligence and in charge of the clandestine liaison with Israeli intelligence. The photographs were delivered to him. On April 17, 1956, the photographs reached the CIA chief Allen Dulles, who quickly informed U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to The New York Times in early June.""""In the West, the impact of the speech received a colossal boost from the publication of the full, albeit sanitised, text in The Observer and the New York Times. This was the first time the full text had been available for public scrutiny anywhere in the world. Even local party secretaries who read it to members had to return their texts within 36 hours. (Those texts were also sanitised, omitting two incidents in the speech that Orlov related to me.)According to William Taubman, in his masterly biography of Khrushchev, the full text leaked out through Poland where, like other central European communist allies, Moscow had sent an edited copy for distribution to the Polish party."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).The speech sent shock waves throughout the Communist world and caused many Western Communists to abandon the movement. In central Europe, the impact of the speech was enormous. By autumn Poland was ready to explode and in Hungary an anti-communist revolution overthrew the Stalinist party and government, replacing them with the short-lived reformist Imre Nagy.""Some may doubt that Stalin's Soviet Union could ever have been reformed, but Khrushchev was not among them - and neither, indeed, was Gorbachev. But after two decades of decay under Brezhnev, even he could not hold the country together. It can well be argued that the 'secret speech' was the century's most momentous, planting the seed that eventually caused the demise of the USSR."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).It is the present version of the seminal text that leaked behind the Iron Curtain. Allegedly the CIA offered USD 1.000.000 for a copy, before they came into possession of the text through other channels. Khrushchev himself stated: ""It was supposed to have been secret, but in fact it was far from being secret.. our document fell into the hands of some Polish comrades who were hostile towards the Soviet Union. They used my speech for their own purposes and made copies of it. I was told that it was being sold for very little.""Like the first impression, almost all the copies of this extremely scarce publication - which were all numbered and strictly registered - were withdrawn and destroyed after 11 April 1956. We have been able to locate no copies of either impression outside of Poland and can find no copies registered in OCLC. ‎

‎Nieopublikowane materialy doreczone delegatom XX Zjazd KPZR (Polish, i.e.: Unpublished Materials Delivered to the Delegates of the 20th CPSU Congress). - [ THE PREVIOUSLY UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS THAT LED TO KHRUSHCHEV'S SECRET SPEECH]‎

‎Warszawa, March (presumably 27th, but no later than 31st) 1956. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. With ""Wylacznie do uzytku organizacji partyjnych"" (""Exclusively for inner-party use"") printed to top of front wrapper. Stamped serial number to front wrapper: 0563. Some creases to spine and corners of wrappers and a tear to the back wrapper. Title-page a little cleased and with two small marginal holes caused by the original clips. All in all a fairly well preserved copy. 32 pp. ‎

‎Extremely rare first printing thus (presumably the first printing at all, and definitely the first separate printing), printed for private circulation only (""exclusively for inner-party use""), of the previously unpublished materials that led to one of the most important moments of 20th century politics, namely Khrushchev's so-called ""Secret Speech"", also known as the ""Khrushchev Report"". This seminal speech was delivered at an unpublicized closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded. The ""Unpublished materials"" contain Lenin's ""Testament"", Lenin's ""On the National Question"", and Stalin's notes.The speech itself appeard in two different printings. As the present publication, those the two printings of the speech also bear the date March 1956 and all three publications were ordered by the Polish communist party authorities in the span of March 27 - March 31. The extremely scarce first printing of the speech consisted in 71 pages, namely Khrushchev's speech with the recorded interjections and ovations"" the second printing, which appered four days later, consisted of 96 pages, was edited to give only Khrushchev's speech (without the recorded interjections and ovations), but containing also a second part, ""Unpublished materials"" with Lenin's ""Testament"", Lenin's ""On the National Question"", and Stalin's notes.The present publication constitutes the ""Unpublished materials"" alone, with a separate pagination (pp. 1-32, including a title-page) - exactly the same material as pp. 71-(96) of the second printing of the speech from March 31st, but here published separately, with its own title-page. Thus, the present publication was most likely published at the same time as the first printing of Khrushchev's Speech, March 27th, and meant to be an accompaniment to this. And later, it was thus incorporated into the edited second edition of the speech and publised after that, as pp. 71-(96). Khrushchev' Speech shook the Western world and changed our history for good. ""Its consequences, by no means fully foreseen by Khrushchev, shook the Soviet Union to the core, but even more so its communist allies, notably in central Europe. Forces were unleashed that eventually changed the course of history. But at the time, the impact on the delegates was more immediate. Soviet sources now say some were so convulsed as they listened that they suffered heart attacks"" others committed suicide afterwards."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006 ).On February 24, 1956 before assembled delegates at a secret session of the Communist Party's Twentieth Congress, Nikita Khrushchev delivered his so-called ""Secret Speech"", denouncing Stalin for his transgressions. The public session of the 20th Congress had come to a formal end on 24 February 1956 when word was spread to delegates to return to the Great Hall of the Kremlin for an additional ""closed session,"" to which journalists, guests, and delegates from ""fraternal parties"" from outside the USSR were not invited. Special passes were issued to those eligible to participate, with an additional 100 former Party members, recently released from the Soviet prison camp network. The speech was thus secretly held in this closed session, without discussion, and it was neither published as part of the congress' proceedings nor reported in the Soviet press. The speech that sent shock waves through the congress participants denounced Stalin, describing him as satanic despot and terrorist who had committed the greatest of crimes. Quoting from correspondence, memoranda and his own observations, Khrushchev gave details of Stalin's horrible actions during the Terror of the late 1930'ies, the unpreparedness of the country at the time of the Nazi invasion in June 1941, numerous wartime blunders, the deportation of various nationalities in 1943 and 1944, and the banishing of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Soviet bloc after the war. Absolving the party itself of these grave actions, Khrushchev attributed them to the ""cult of personality"" that Stalin encouraged and his ""violations of socialist legality"". According to Khrushchev's speech, Stalin was a tyrant, a murderer and torturer of party members.Khrushchev gave his grim tale of the obscene crimes committed by his predecessor, Josef Stalin, only three years after the death of Stalin, who was then celebrated as a great leader and whose death was mourned by the great majority of Soviet citizens, who saw him as a divine father. It is no wonder that this lengthy speech from their new leader completely shocked Soviet communists, being told so soon after his death that far from far from being divine, their hero Stalin was actually outright satanic. The leaders who inherited the party from the old dictator had agreed - after months of furious argument - that Khrushchev should make the speech, but on the condition that it should never be published.Khrushchev read from a prepared report and no stenographic record of the closed session was kept. No questions or debate followed Khrushchev's presentation, and it is reported that delegates left the hall in a state of complete disorientation. It is even said that several delegates suffered heart attacks and that some even committed suicide upon listening to the horrifying speech. On the evening of the congress, delegates of foreign Communist parties were called to the Kremlin and given the opportunity to read the prepared text of the Khrushchev speech, which was treated as a top secret state document. Reports of the speech soon reached the West and as early as March the contents were reported in Western media. ""The content of the speech reached the west through a circuitous route. A few copies of the speech were sent by order of the Soviet Politburo to leaders of the Eastern Bloc countries. Shortly after the speech had been disseminated, a Polish journalist, Viktor Grayevsky, visited his girlfriend, Lucia Baranowski, who worked as a junior secretary in the office of the first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Edward Ochab. On her desk was a thick booklet with a red binding, with the words: ""The 20th Party Congress, the speech of Comrade Khrushchev."" Grayevsky had heard rumors of the speech and, as a journalist, was interested in reading it. Baranowski allowed him to take the document home to read.As it happened, Grayevsky, who was Jewish, and had made a recent trip to Israel to visit his sick father, decided to emigrate there. After he read the speech, he decided to take it to the Israeli Embassy and gave it to Yaakov Barmor who had helped Grayevsky make his trip to visit Grayevsky's sick father. Barmor was a Shin Bet representative"" he photographed the document and sent the photographs to Israel. By the afternoon of April 13, 1956, the Shin Bet in Israel received the photographs. Israeli intelligence and United States intelligence had previously secretly agreed to cooperate on security matters. James Jesus Angleton was the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) head of counterintelligence and in charge of the clandestine liaison with Israeli intelligence. The photographs were delivered to him. On April 17, 1956, the photographs reached the CIA chief Allen Dulles, who quickly informed U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to The New York Times in early June.""""In the West, the impact of the speech received a colossal boost from the publication of the full, albeit sanitised, text in The Observer and the New York Times. This was the first time the full text had been available for public scrutiny anywhere in the world. Even local party secretaries who read it to members had to return their texts within 36 hours. (Those texts were also sanitised, omitting two incidents in the speech that Orlov related to me.)According to William Taubman, in his masterly biography of Khrushchev, the full text leaked out through Poland where, like other central European communist allies, Moscow had sent an edited copy for distribution to the Polish party."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).The speech sent shock waves throughout the Communist world and caused many Western Communists to abandon the movement. In central Europe, the impact of the speech was enormous. By autumn Poland was ready to explode and in Hungary an anti-communist revolution overthrew the Stalinist party and government, replacing them with the short-lived reformist Imre Nagy.""Some may doubt that Stalin's Soviet Union could ever have been reformed, but Khrushchev was not among them - and neither, indeed, was Gorbachev. But after two decades of decay under Brezhnev, even he could not hold the country together. It can well be argued that the 'secret speech' was the century's most momentous, planting the seed that eventually caused the demise of the USSR."" (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).It was in the form of the second printing of the speech, with the ""Unpublished Materials"" in their presumably second printing, that it was leaked behind the Iron Curtain. Allegedly the CIA offered USD 1.000.000 for a copy, before they came into possession of the text through other channels. Khrushchev himself stated: ""It was supposed to have been secret, but in fact it was far from being secret.. our document fell into the hands of some Polish comrades who were hostile towards the Soviet Union. They used my speech for their own purposes and made copies of it. I was told that it was being sold for very little.""Like the two impressions of the Speech, on with the ""Unpublished Matrials"", almost all the copies of this extremely scarce publication - which were all numbered and strictly registered - were withdrawn and destroyed after 11 April 1956. We have been able to locate no copies of either impression outside of Poland and can find no copies registered in OCLC. ‎

‎Abus et détournements du Secret-Défense.‎

‎ L'Harmattan, 2012, gr. in-8°, 247 pp, préface d'Eric Denécé, annexes, broché, couv. illustrée, qqs soulignures stylo, bon état (Coll. Culture du renseignement)‎

‎Le Secret-Défense ? On en parle souvent, mais on le connaît mal. C'est pratique pour qui veut tromper le citoyen. Trop pratique. Ce livre explique comment certaines institutions et leurs responsables abusent outrageusement de ce trop commode secret d'Etat. L'auteur raconte dans quelles circonstances, recruté par la Compagnie Générale des Matières Nucléaires (Cogema), et chargé par son président de vérifier la solidité et la conformité du système de sécurité, il a découvert que le Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), avec l'aval du Haut-Fonctionnaire de Défense du ministère des Finances et de l'Industrie, trahit le Secret-Défense en engluant ses divers partenaires commerciaux dans des procédures non conformes à la loi qui lui permettent d'enquêter sur les personnes et les sociétés. Le jugement d'une stupéfiante affaire d'espionnage dans les laboratoires de la bombe atomique au CEA étaye ses soupçons sur les déviances, lesquelles sont attestées par documents. Puis un mystérieux vol d'écoutes téléphoniques classifiées illustre les défaillances de l'Etat. Enfin, preuves absolument inédites à l'appui, l'ouvrage démontre que les obstacles à l'instruction judiciaire sur la fameuse affaire des Frégates de Taïwan et ses commissions occultes repose sur de graves incompétences et la trahison de textes incertains. Professionnel du secret ayant dirigé pendant dix ans l'un des services les plus sensibles des Renseignements Généraux, l'auteur révèle ici les scandaleux détournements de la loi commis par une caste solidaire de dirigeants ou représentants de l'Etat qui, protégés par l'ignorance générale et sûrs de leur impunité, abusent sans vergogne du Secret-Défense ou ferment les yeux sur les abus commis. Après la lecture de ce livre, il ne sera plus possible d'avoir le même regard sur le Secret-Défense. ‎