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PAN BOOKS. 1984. In-12. Broché. Etat d'usage, Couv. légèrement passée, Dos satisfaisant, Quelques rousseurs. 269 pages - en anglais. . . . Classification Dewey : 420-Langue anglaise. Anglo-saxon
Reference : RO20254496
ISBN : 033029069X
Classification Dewey : 420-Langue anglaise. Anglo-saxon
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5 book(s) with the same title
APPENDIX FOR THE SECOND EDITION [of The Meaning of Relativity] + APPENDIX II. GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION. - [ORIGINAL PROOF-COPY]
[1950]. 8vo. Original proof-copy (of the latest stage, presumably final proof, in the same format as the printed version and with no corrections), printed on rectos and versos. Stapled twice in left margin. A few marginal creases. A (proof-) number to upper left corner in red ink (297). Pp. 109-148 + tipped-in errata slip at p. 147.
Very rare original proof-copy of the two highly important appendices for Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"", third edition, 1950, the second appendix being one of the most important pieces Einstein ever wrote, namely the appendix ""in which he described his most recent work on unification"" (Pais), and the work which was hailed by The New York Times under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". The first appendix, which appeared for the second edition of the work, remained unchanged throughout the history of ""the Meaning of Relativity"" and was written because ""Since the first edition of this little book some advances have been made in the theory of relativity. [...] The first step forward is the conclusive demonstration of the existence of the red shift of the spectral lines by the (negative) gravitational potential of the place of origin"" [...] A second step forward, which will be mentioned briefly, concerns the law of motion of a gravitating body."" [...] A third step forward, concerning the so-called ""cosmologic problem,"" wiil be considered here in detail..."" (pp. 109-10). The present 40 pages constitute the final proof-copy of the entire appendices I and II to the Generalized Theory of Gravitation, exactly as they appeared in the third edition (Princeton in 1950). Einstein's ""The Meaning of Relativity"" was originally published in 1922, on the basis of his ""Vier Vorlesungen ueber Relativitetstheorie"" given at Princeton in 1921. A second edition, with an appendix (appendix I) appeared in 1945 (several issues and editions of this appeared also), and in 1949 the third edition, with the seminal Appendix II printed for the first time, appears (also appeared in 1950, in Princeton). In 1950 a revised edition of the third edition appears, having Appendix II slightly revised, and in 1953 the heavily revised fourth edition appears. THIS IS THE PROOF-COPY OF APPENDICES I AND II FOR THE ""THIRD EDITION, INCLUDING THE GENERALIZED THEORY OF GRAVITATION"" (PRINCETON, 1950). The main focus of the work throughout all these editions of the work since 1949 is Appendix II, which deals with Einstein's main interest, the generalization of the Gravitation Theory, which was to unite the general theory of relativity with electromagnetism, recovering an approximation for quantum theory, and presenting us with a theory to explain the universe as a unified entity, the ultimate goal for the greatest physicist that ever lived. ""This was Einstein's ultimate response to the mechanical-electromagnetic crisis in physical theory he had first talked about in the opening of his 1905 light quantum-paper."" (Nandor, in D.S.B., p. 330). It was indeed Einstein's aim to provide an explanation of the universe through his unified field theory, although he was well aware that his sort of field theory might not exist. However, even the establishing of the non-existence of it could bring us closer to an explanation than we had ever been before. There is no topic of greater importance to Einstein than his theory of unification. ""In 1949 Einstein wrote a new appendix for the third edition of his ""The Meaning of Relativity"" in which he described his most recent work on unification. It was none of his doing that a page of his manuscript appeared on the front page of ""The New York Times"" under the heading ""New Einstein theory gives a master key to the universe"". He refused to see reporters and asked Helen Dukas to relay this message to them: ""Come back and see me in twenty years""."" (Pais, p. 350).
Démonstration de l'intégrabilité des équations différentielles ordinaires. - [THE PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE THEOREM - INTRODUCING THE AXIOM OF CHOICE]
Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1890. Orig. printed wrappers, no backstrip. A small offsetting to upper left corner of frontwrapper. A small tear to endwrapper repaired. In ""Mathematische Annalen. Gegenwärtig hrsg. von Felix Klein, Walter Dyck, Adolph Mayer, 36. Band, 2. Heft."" Pp. (153-)320. The whole issue (Heft 2) with orig.wrappers. Peano's paper: pp. 182-288.
First edition and the first appearance of this fundamental paper in which Peano gives the proof of the so-called ""Peano-Existence-Theorem"" and at the same time contains the first explicit statement of ""The axiom of choice"".The Peano-Existence-Theorem, or ""Cauchy-Peano-Theorem"" guarantees the existence of solutions to certain initial value problems. He first published the theorem in 1886 in ""Sull'integrabilita della equazioni differenziali del primo ordine"" in Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 21, with an incorrect proof. The new correct proof appeared in this paper, as offered.""Peano's work in analysis began in 1883 with an article on the integrability of functions. The article of 1890 (the paper offered) contains notions of integrals and areas. Peano wasthe first to show that the first-order differential equation y' = f(x,y) is solvable on the sole assumption that f is continuous. His first proof dates from 1886, but its rigor leaves something to be desired. In 1890 this result was generalized to systems of differential equations using a different method of proof. This work is also notable for containing the first explicit statement of the axiom of choice. Peano rejected the axiom of choice as being outside the ordinary logic used in mathematical proofs."" (Hubert T Kennedy in DSB).
Proof of an External World. Annual Philosophical Lecture Henriette Hertz Trust British Academy. - [""MOORE'S MOST FAMOUS PAPER""]
London, Humphrey Milford, 1939. 8vo. Offprint in the original printed wrappers. Uncut. Ex-libris [Danish philosopher Carl Henrik Koch] pasted on to verso of front wrapper. Wrappers with various nicks and bumped corners and some miscolouring to boarders. Internally with a few occasional very light pencil markings in margin. 30. (1) pp.
First edition of Moore's important paper on the existence of an external world. In ""Moore's most famous paper, his 'Proof of an External World' [...] [he] sets himself the task of doing what Kant had earlier set himself to do, namely providing a proof of the existence of 'external objects'. Much of the lecture is devoted to working out what counts as an 'external object', and Moore claims that these are things whose existence is not dependent upon our experience. So, he argues, if he can prove the existence of any such things, then he will have proved the existence of an 'External World'. Moore then maintains that he can do this""(SEP): ""By holding up my two hand, 'Here is one hand' and adding, as I make a certain gesture with the left, 'and here is another'.(p. 25). [...] But did I prove just now that two human hands were then in existence? I do want to insist that I did" that the proof which I gave was a perfectly rigorous one" and that it is perhaps impossible to give a better or more rigorous proof of anything whatever"".
The Completeness of the First-Order Functional Calculus. - [THE HENKIN'S COMPLETENESS PROOF]
(Wisconsin), The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1949. Lev8vo. Bound in red half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Journal of Symbolic Logic"", Volume 14. Barcode label pasted on to back board. Small library stamp to lower part of 6 pages. A very fine copy. Pp. 159-66. [Entire volume: IV, 284 pp.).
First printing of Henkin's important paper which his version of the proof of the semantic completeness of standard systems of first-order logic, today known as the ""Henkin's completeness proof"":Gödel published a version of the proof in 1930 but Henkin's was much easier to survey than Gödel's and has thus become the standard choice of completeness proof for presentation in introductory classes and texts.
Demonstratio Nova Theorematis Omnem Functionem Algebraicam Rationalem Integram unius Variabilis in Factores Reales Primi vel Secundi Gradus resolvi posse (i.e. English: ""A new proof of the theorem that every integral rational algebraic function of one... - [GAUSS'S DOCTORAL THESIS - HIS FIRST GREAT WORK]
Helmstadt, C. G. Fleckeisen, 1799. 4to. Bound uncut in a very nice recent pastiche-binding in brown half calf with elaborately gilt spine and marbled paper covered boards. With repair to title-page, not affecting text. Small restorations to upper margin of leaf A2 and A3. Brownspotted throughout. 39, (1) pp. + engraved plate.
Rare first edition of Gauss's first book in which he proved the fundamental theorem of algebra which states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. Gauss received his doctorate degree for this work, which is considered his first great work. It marks the beginning of an extraordinary ten years often referred to as his 'Triumphal Decade' with landmark achievements such as the publication of 'Disquisitiones Arithmeticae' and the calculation of the orbit of the newly discovered planet Ceres. On june 16, 1799, even before the thesis was published, Gauss was awarded the title Doctor Philosophiae after the usual requirements of an oral examination, particularly tedious to Gauss, was dropped. In a letter to Bolyai, Gauss's close friend, Gauss described his thesis: ""The title describes the main objective of the paper quite well though I devote to it only about a third of the space. The rest mainly contains history and criticisms of the works of other mathematicians (name d'Alembert, Bougainville, Euler, de Foncenex, Lagrange, and the authors of compendia - the latter will presumably not be too happy) about the subject, together with diverse remarks about the shallowness of contemporary mathematics"" ""Professor Pfaff, Gauss's formal research supervisor, shared with Gauss an interest in the foundations of geometry, but it is mere speculation that the two discussed this topic. Gauss's dissertation is about the fundamental theorem of algebra. The proof and discussion avoid the use of imaginary quantities through the work is analytic and geometric in nature"" its underlying ideas are most suitably expressed in the complex domain. Like the law of quadratic reciprocity, the fundamental theorem of algebra was a recurring topic in Gauss's mathematical work - in fact, his last mathematical paper returned to it, this time explicitly using complex numbers."" (Gauss, A Biographical Study, p. 41). ""There is only one thing wrong with this landmark in Algebra. The first two words in the title would imply that Gauss had merely added a 'new' proof to others already known. He should have omitted ""nova"". His was the first proof . Some before him had published what they supposed were proofs of this theorem - usually called the fundamental theorem of algebra - but logical and mathematical rigor Gauss insisted upon a proof, and gave the first"" (Bell, Men of Mathematics, p. 32) ""Gauss ranks, together with Archimedes and Newton, as one of the greatest geniuses in the history of mathematics."" (Printing & the Mind of Man). Dibner 114
