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Hughes, Ted:
Eclipse.
Knotting, Bedfordshire. The Sceptre Press. 1976. 20,7x14,2 cm. (2) Bl., (4) S. Originalbroschur.
Reference : 33750AB
Eines von 250 numerierten Exemplaren. - Schönes Exemplar.
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5 book(s) with the same title
"JANSSEN, PIERRE JULES CÉSAR - THE DISCOVERY OF HELIUM IN THE SUN.
Reference : 44231
(1878)
Éclipse de Soleil du 18 Aout 1868. Rapport adressé par M. Janssen au Maréchal de France Président du Bureau des Longitude.
Paris, G. Masson, 1878. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome 15. 512 pp. a. 3 folded engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Janssen's memoir: pp. 414-426.
First appearance of this milestone paper in chemistry, physics and astronomy, announcing the discovery of the helium lines in the spectrum of the sun. It was Lockyer in the same year that named it 'helium' for Helios, the Greek God of the Sun. Helium was not discovered on the earth before 1895 by William Ramsay, and it was Crookes who established its identity with the helium Janssen and Lockyer observed in the spectrum of the sun.""He Janssen) met immortality by travelling to India in 1868 to study the total eclipse. It was then that he observed the helium line and forwarded the spectral data to ockyer. He also noted the size of the solar prominences. The day after the eclipse he attempted to take their spectra again and succeeded despite the absence of the obscuring moon. he then announced jubilantly that it was the day after the eclipse that was the real eclipse day for him. Lockyer also reported this method of studying prominences without an eclipse....Like Lockyer he lived to see his observation of the helium line vindicated by Ramsay's discovery of that element on earth.""(Asimov).""This (the discovery of helium lines in the sun by Lockyer) was announced on the same day by the French astronomer Janssen, who was in India observing a total eclipse. As a result, the French government some ten years later struck a medallion showing the heads of both scientists.By that time, the two men had made a much more dramatic discovery at the same time, this time in cooperation. Janssen, studying the spectrum ofthe sun during the eclipse, had noted a fine line he did not recognize. he send a report on this to Lockyer, an acknowledges expert on solar spectra. Lockyer compared the reported position of the line with lines of known elements, concluding that it must belong to a yeat unknown element, possibly not even existing on the earth. He named the element, from the Greek word for the sun.""(Asimov).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1868 A. - The volume contains other notable papers by Dumas, Berthelot et al.
The Bakerian Lecture. - On Some Total Solar Eclipse of July 18th, 1860, observed at Rivabellosa, near Miranda de Ebro, in Spain. Received January 30,- Read April 10, 1862.
(London, Taylor and Francis, 1862). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1862. Vol. 152 - Part II. Pp. 333-416, textillustrations (his photoheliograph), scale of colours and 13 plates. Plates somewhat soiled, but the 6 engraved plates, showing the prominences only the margins affcted by the soiling. These facsimiles (copies of touched photographs) probably the first of their kinds. Text clean.
First appearance of pioneer-paper in astronomical photography, where he took wet-plate photographs of the moon-blocked sun during a total solar eclipse, and from them discovered solar prominences. - This was the first solar eclipse to be photographed, using the Kew Photoheliograph, a purpose-built combined camera and telescope designed by de la Rue and built in 1857 by Andrew Ross. De la Rue, Warren 1815-89, British scientist and inventor. Especially noted as an astronomer, he was a pioneer in celestial photography. He adapted the wet-plate process to lunar photography and invented (1858) for Kew Observatory a photoheliograph, the first device to give good solar pictures. His photographs of a solar eclipse in 1860 demonstrated that prominences observed at the sun's edge are of solar origin. De la Rue is known also for his research in chemistry, solar physics, and electrical discharge through gases.In 1860 De la Rue took the photoheliograph to Spain for the purpose of photographing the total solar eclipse which occurred on 18 July of that year. This expedition formed the subject of the Bakerian Lecture - the paper offered -. The photographs obtained on that occasion proved beyond doubt the solar character of the prominences or red flames, seen around the limb of the moon during a solar eclipse. In 1873 De la Rue gave up active work in astronomy, and presented most of his astronomical instruments to the university observatory, Oxford. Subsequently, in the year 1887, he provided the same observatory with a 13-inch refractor to enable it to take part in the International Photographic Survey of the Heavens.
Indication de quelques-uns des résultats obtenus à Cocanada, pendent l'éclipse du mois d'août dernier, et à la suite de cette éclipse. (Cocanada, 19 septembre 1868).
(Paris, Mallet-Bachelier), 1868. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 67, No 17. Pp. (813-) 852. (Entire issue offered). Janssen's paper: pp. 838-839. A few minor brownspots.
First apperance of of the paper in which Janssen announced the first observations of a Solar Prominence without Eclipse. ""Janssen and Sir Norman Lockyer independently and about the same time discovered the method of observing solar prominences and the limb of the sun through using a high dispersion spectroscope in order to project the bright hydrogen lines of the prominence spectrum on the much attenuated background of the solar spectrum."" (Shapley & Howarth ""A Source Book in Astronomy"", where this paper is translated on pp. 308-310).""This (the spectra of helium in the sun) was announced on the same day by the French astronomer Janssen, who was in India observing a total eclipse. As a result, the French government some ten years later struck a medallion showing the heads of both scientists.By that time, the two men had made a much more dramatic discovery at the same time, this time in cooperation. Janssen, studying the spectrum ofthe sun during the eclipse, had noted a fine line he did not recognize. he send a report on this to Lockyer, an acknowledges expert on solar spectra. Lockyer compared the reported position of the line with lines of known elements, concluding that it must belong to a yeat unknown element, possibly not even existing on the earth. He named the element, from the Greek word for the sun.""(Asimov).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1868 A.
L'Eclipse. Revue Comique illustrée [ 51 Numéros : Du n° 106 du 4 juillet 1878 au n° 163 du 7 août 1879 ] [ Avec : ] Petit Journal pour Rire. [ 27 Numéros : ] Numéros 6 - 24 - 37 - 40 - 41 - 163 - 164 - 220 - 240 - 259 - 261 - 341 - 351 - 352 - 374 - 395 - 410 - 410 - 496 - 537 - 574 - 584 - 591 - 600 - 602 - 611 - 613
1 vol. in-4 reliure de l'époque demi-percaline rouge, L'Eclipse, 1878-1879 pp. 209-216 et 1-400 pp. et 54 pp. ; et 27 numéros de 8 pp.Rappel du titre complet : L'Eclipse. Revue Comique illustrée [ 51 Numéros : Du n° 106 du 4 juillet 1878 au n° 163 du 7 août 1879 ] [ Avec : ] Petit Journal pour Rire. [ 27 Numéros : ] Numéros 6 - 24 - 37 - 40 - 41 - 163 - 164 - 220 - 240 - 259 - 261 - 341 - 351 - 352 - 374 - 395 - 410 - 410 - 496 - 537 - 574 - 584 - 591 - 600 - 602 - 611 - 613
Le présent volume contient 51 numéros de l'Eclipse, du n°106 au 163, et en fin de volume ont été reliés 27 numéros du "Petit Journal pour Rire" de Philipon et Nadar. Etat très satisfaisant (un petit frott. en dos, petite restauration au premier feuillet, ainsi qu'à une livraison du "Petit Journal" ).
"EULER, LEONHARD. - SOLVING FOR THE FIRST TIME THE CONTACT PROBLEM OF FRICTION.
Reference : 45497
(1750)
Sur l'atmosphere de la Lune prouvée par la derniere eclipse annulaire du Soleil. (On the atmosphere of the moon as proved by the last ringed eclipse of the sun) + Sur le frottement des corps solides. (On the friction of solid bodies) + Sur la diminu...
(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1750). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome IV, pp. 103-121 + pp. 122-132 + pp. 133-148 and 6 engraved plates (on 5).
Three first editions by Euler. Euler's goal in the first paper is to show that certain phenomena that resulted from the eclipse of July 25, 1748 are evidence that the moon has an atmosphere that is almost 200 times less dense than that of the earth. (The phenomena Euler observed are optical effects of light passing close to a sharp edge, and not the refraction of a lunar atmosphere).The other papers on the physics of rigid bodies are groundbreaking as Euler here set forth what is known as ""Euler's dynamical equations of the motion of the mass-center of any solid"", and thus STATING FOR THE FIRST TIME THE LAW OF DRY FRICTION, mathematically. Euler explains his experiments with the inclined plane and discovers the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KINETIC AND STATIC FRICTION.""Leonhard Euler occupied himself with the mathematical point of view of friction as well as the experimental. He introduced the differentiation between static frictional forces and kinetic frictional forces, and solved the problem of rope friction, probably the first contact problem to be analytically solved in history. (1750, the papers offered). He was the first to lay the foundations of the mathematically way of dealing with the law of dry friction and in this way promoted further development. We have to thank for the symbol as the coefficient of friction. Euler worked with the idea that friction originates from the interlocation, between small triangular irregularities.This understanding survived, in different variations,for a hundred years and is also used today as the ""Tomlinson Model"" in connection with friction on atomic scale.""(L. Popov ""History of the Contact Mechanics and the Physics of Function"", p.3).Eneström: E142, E143, E144.
