‎FREUDIGER ALAIN‎
‎LIQUEFACTION‎

‎Mémoire sur la liquéfaction de L'Oxygène. La Liquéfaction et la solidification de L'Hydrogéne, et sur les Théories des Changements d'état des Corps.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1878. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 13. 576 pp. a. 2 large folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Pictet's paper: pp. 145-228. 1 full-page illustration in woodcut of his apparatus.‎

‎First appearance of a milestone paper in chemistry - issued at the same time in Geneva - in which Pictet announced and described his invention of the liquefaction-process of oxygen and nitrogen - the first liquefaction of an atmospheric gas.""It was Pictet's researches that led to a scientific achievement which at once made him internationally famous. In december of 1877, when Louis Paul Cailletet was about to report hisliquefaction of oxygen to the Paris Academy of Sciences, ictet cabled from Geneva that he hadachieved the same feat. Cailletet and Pictet had worked independently and by different methods. While Cailletet's method had been to compress, cool and expand the gas to be liquefied, Pictet had employed the ""cascade"" process, in which the refrigeration cycles of three different cooling media with successively lower critical temperatures were arranged in series, so that the gas liquefied in first would act as a cooolant in the liquefation of the next. ictet used sulphur dioxide in the first cycle, carbon dioxide in the second and oxygen in the last. Although Cailletet could establish a priority of a few weeks, Pictet has been allowed to share the credit for the first liquefaction of an atmospheric gas.""(DSB X, pp. 604-5).‎

‎Recherches sur la Liquèfaction des Gaz.‎

‎(Paris, G. Masson, 1878). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series - Tome 15, Cahier Septembre 1878. Pp. 5-144. (Entire issue offered). Cailletet's paper: pp. 132-144, textillustrations of apparatus used.‎

‎First appearance of a milestonepaper in chemistry in which Cailletet describes his invention of the liquedifaction-process of oxygen and 5 other gases - and a classic in Low-Temperature Chemistry.""Cailletet is most famous for his investigations on the compression and liquefaction of gases. At the time there were still six gases that were considered permanen: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, nitrogen dioxyde, acrbon monooxide, and acetylene. Liquefaction had not been achieved despite the use of what were considered ernomous pressures. At the end of 1877 and the beginning of 1878 Callitet liquefied all these gases shortly before Raoul Pictet, who employed a completely different procedure. Cailletet had, following Andrews, recognized the importence of the critical temperature, above which liquefaction of a gas does not take place. In order to produce the necessary ccoling, he had recourse to expansion, sometimes employing several expansions in a staged process. It was in this manner that he succeeded in liquefying oxygen by beginning with liquid ethylene and passing through the stage of liquid methane.""(DSB III, pp. 11-12). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1877 C.‎

‎Management on refrigerating equipment. Liquefaction of gas and analysis of gas m‎

‎Management on refrigerating equipment. Liquefaction of gas and analysis of gas mixes. Refrigeration manual. Liquefaction of gas and disassembly of gas mixes. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Management on refrigerating equipment. Liquefaction of gas and analysis of gas mixes. / Rukovodstvo po kholodilnoy tekhnike. Szhizhenie gaza i razbor gazovykh smesey. Editor Redakteur Rudolf Plank Berlin 1957. 412 p. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb1b4fd3cc9b57a34a‎

‎De la Condensation de l'oxygè et de l'oxyde de carbone. (Cailletet) + Expériences sur la liquéfaction de l'oxygéne. (2 papers).‎

‎Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1877. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences"", Tome 85, No 26 (entire issue offered). With htitle and titlepage to vol. 85. Titlepage with a stamp on verso, seen on front. Pp. 1185-1248. Cailletet's paper: pp. 1213-1214. Pictet's paper: pp. 1214-1217. With an illustration of the apparatus in the text.‎

‎First printing of these two milestone papers in Low-temperature Chemistry. This process of liquefaction of oxygene was achieved independently, in the same year, by Cailletet and Pictet, using different methods. Cailletet used the Joule-Thomson effect"" oxygen was cooled while highly compressed, then allowed to rapidly expand, cooling it further, resulting in the production of small droplets of liquid oxygen. Pictet's method was more elaborate, using compounds pumps. (This compound is shown on the illustration in the text).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1877 C. - Magee ""Source Books in Physics"" p. 192-93 (Cailletet) and pp. 194-96 (Pictet).‎

‎On the Liquefaction and Solidification of Bodies generally existing as Gases. Received December 19, 1844, - Read January 9, 1845. (+) Note.- Additional remarks respecting the Condensation of Gases. Received February 20, - Read February 20, 1845.‎

‎(London, Richard and John E. Taylor, 1845). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1845 - Part I. Pp. 155-177, 1 textillustr. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of an importent paper in chemistry in which Faraday takes up a renewed analysis his great discoveries from 1823 in relation to his liquefaction of gases under pressure and the relation to temperatures. Faraday did pioneer work on liquifaction of gases.‎