‎"RAOULT, FRANCOIS MARIE.‎
‎Recherches sur les forces electromotrices et les quantités de chaleur dégagées dans les combinaisons chimique. Premier-Deuxieme Partie. (1. Étude des forces électromotrices. 2. Mesure de la chaleur dégagée par les courants ou absorbée par les actions ...‎

‎Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, Imprimerie Gauthier-Villars, 1864-65. 8vo. Bound in 2 contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges, spines slightly rubbed.. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome 2 a. 4. 512 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. + 512 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. (The entire volumes offered). Raoult's papers: pp. 317-372 a. pp. 392-426.‎

Reference : 44784

‎First printing of these pioneering papers in thermochemistry and electrochemistry.""Raoult’s work may be divided into three stages: physical, chemical, and physicochemical. During the first stage, which lasted until Raoult moved to Grenoble, he discovered that the chemical heat of reaction of galvanic cells of the Daniell type was generally different from the heat equivalent of the electrical work done in these cells. He also used a voltameter, an instrument that measures the quantity of electricity by the amount of electrolysis, to study the heat evolved in voltaic cells. Raoult was one of the first to recognize that the electrical work done by voltaic cells was not equal to the heat evolved by the chemical reaction driving these cells. He showed that whenever the electrical work done in voltaic cells was less than the heat of all reactions, heat was evolved. Moreover, he stated that changes in concentration, oxidation, and in acid-base relationships, but not changes in aggregation such as dissolving, melting, or solidifying, were the sources of the electromotive force of voltaic cells.""(DSB).‎